Download or read book Measurement and Interpretation of Plutonium Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atomic spectroscopic data available for plutonium are among the rickest of any in the periodic system. They include high-resolution grating and Fourier-transform spectra as well as extensive Zeeman and isotope-shift studies. We summarize the present status of the term analysis and cite the configurations that have been identified. A least-squares adjustment of a parametric Hamiltonian for configurations of both Pu I and Pu II has shown that almost all of the expected low levels are now known. The use of a model Hamiltonian applicable to both lanthanide and actinide atomic species has been applied to the low configurations of Pu I and Pu II making use of trends predicted by ab initio calculations. This same model has been used to describe the energy levels of Pu/sup 3 +/ in LaCl3, and an extension has permitted preliminary calculations of the spectra of other valence states.

Download or read book Plutonium and Americium Measurement in Humans by X and Gamma Ray Spectral Analysis written by Shlomo Stefan Yaniv and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Absorption Spectra of Plutonium in Aqueous Solution written by M. Kasha and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma Spectrometric Methods for Measuring Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nondestructive analyses of plutonium can be made by detecting and measuring the gamma rays emitted by a sample. Although qualitative and semiquantitative assays can be performed with relative ease, only recently have methods been developed, using computer analysis techniques, that provide quantitative results. This paper reviews some new techniques developed for measuring plutonium. The features of plutonium gamma-ray spectra are reviewed and some of the computer methods used for spectrum analysis are discussed. The discussion includes a description of a powerful computer method of unfolding complex peak multiplets that uses the standard linear least-squares techniques of data analysis. This computer method is based on the generation of response profiles for the isotopes composing a plutonium sample and requires a description of the peak positions, relative intensities, and line shapes. The principles that plutonium isotopic measurements are based on are also developed, followed by illustrations of the measurement procedures as applied to the quantitative analysis of plutonium liquid and solid samples.

Download or read book Plutonium and Americium Measurement in Humans by X and Gamma ray Spectral Analysis written by Shlomo Stefan Yaniv and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.

Download or read book Analysis of Time of flight Spectrum Measurements in Some Zebra Plutonium written by B. L. H. Burbridge and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book MGA Multi Group Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nondestructive measurements of x-ray and gamma-ray emissions can be used to analyze a sample for plutonium. This report describes the methods and algorithms we have developed for analyzing gamma-ray spectra obtained by using a germanium detector system to accurately determine the relative abundances of various actinide isotopes in a sample. Our methodology requires no calibrations and can be used to measure virtually any size and type of plutonium sample. Measurement times can be as short as a few minutes; measurements are frequently accurate to within 1%. Our methods have been programmed into a computerized analysis code called MGA (Multi-Group Analysis). Our current versions can be run on personal computers (IBM type) and on the DEC VAX microcomputer. Spectral analysis times are usually far less than a minute. 28 refs., 26 figs., 1 tab.

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition at Sub picogram Levels Measurement of Pu 239 240 241 and 242 By Cap Alpha and Mass Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method was developed for the determination of plutonium isotopic composition at the sub-picogram level. Investigations of mass spectral backgrounds and of means of concentrating and purifying sample plutonium were conducted. Isotopic measurements were made by alpha energy analysis and mass spectrometric analysis. A technique for evaluating mass spectral background with a plutonium spike enriched in the mass 239 isotope to 99.98 atom percent is described. A combined alpha energy-mass analysis procedure for the determination of isotopic composition on a single sample mount is reported. The data presented demonstrate that sources of environmentally occurring plutonium could be differentiated by isotopic composition analysis with the developed method even at sub-picogram levels.

Download or read book Complex Ions of Plutonium written by C. K. McLane and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium Within Highly Attenuating Shipping Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic measurements of items stored in shielded shipping containers presents a challenge to standard, nondestructive high-resolution gamma spectroscopy analysis. For example, some plutonium oxide material that will be shipped from Rocky Flats will be packaged in a combination of containers that places more than 12 mm of lead and 25 mm of steel between the material and the detector. This shielding effectively eliminates gamma rays below approximately 300 keV. Spectra were taken through simulated containers and analyzed using FRAM version 4.0 and a parameter set developed for use with highly attenuated items. The results indicate that 10% precision in measured 24°Pu content should be achievable with 2-hour measurements.

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Measurements by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Measurement Methods for Plutonium and Uranium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Ralph J. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Time of Flight Spectrum Measurements in Some Zebra Plutonium Assemblies written by B. L. H. Burbridge and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulations of Plutonium Gamma ray Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monte Carlo calculations were investigated as a means of simulating the gamma-ray spectra of Pu. These simulated spectra will be used to develop and evaluate gamma-ray analysis techniques for various nondestructive measurements. Simulated spectra of calculational standards can be used for code intercomparisons, to understand systematic biases and to estimate minimum detection levels of existing and proposed nondestructive analysis instruments. The capability to simulate gamma-ray spectra from HPGe detectors could significantly reduce the costs of preparing large numbers of real reference materials. MCNP was used for the Monte Carlo transport of the photons. Results from the MCNP calculations were folded in with a detector response function for a realistic spectrum. Plutonium spectrum peaks were produced with Lorentzian shapes, for the x-rays, and Gaussian distributions. The MGA code determined the Pu isotopes and specific power of this calculated spectrum and compared it to a similar analysis on a measured spectrum.

Download or read book An MS DOS based Program for Analyzing Plutonium Gamma ray Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plutonium gamma-ray analysis system that operates on MS-DOS-based computers has been developed for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to perform in-field analysis of plutonium gamma-ray spectra for plutonium isotopics. The user interacts with the system by means of menus and screens that allow the user to select various applications and to enter information pertinent to a measurement. This information, along with the plutonium weight-percent-abundance results from the data analysis, is stored in dBASE III files. The spectral-data-analysis program, IAEAPU, determines the relative plutonium isotopic abundances from gamma-ray peaks in the 110- to 390-keV region of the spectral data. The program is compact so that it may be used on a portable, battery-operated, laptop, personal computer (PC) that uses a 3-1/2-in. floppy diskette. This is intended to be the final report on this work. We describe in detail the data-analysis methodology, the software, and the operation of the plutonium gamma-ray analysis system. 10 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.