Download or read book Mature Adipocytes and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Stimulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Effects of Aging and Obesity written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adipocytes and perivascular adipose tissue are emerging as regulators of vascular function. The effects of adipocytes and perivascular adipose tissue on human smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were investigated. Conditioned medium was prepared from cultured premature and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and from periaortic adipose tissue from young (3 mo) and old (24 mo) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, lean and obese Zucker rats (3 mo), and WKY rats fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 3 mo. Conditioned medium from differentiated (but not premature) adipocytes stimulated SMC proliferation, which was abolished by charcoal and proteinase K treatment but was resistant to heat, trypsin, or phospholipase B (to hydrolyze lysophosphatidic acid). Further experiments demonstrated that the growth factor(s) are hydrosoluble and present in the fraction of molecular mass>100 kDa. Moreover, conditioned medium from periaortic adipose tissue stimulated SMC proliferation, which was significantly enhanced in aged rats and in rats fed a high-fat diet but not in obese Zucker rats deficient in functional leptin receptors. In conclusion, mature adipocytes release hydrosoluble protein growth factor(s) with a molecular mass>100 kDa for SMCs. Perivascular adipose tissue stimulates SMC proliferation, which is enhanced in aged WKY and in high-fat, diet-induced obesity but not in leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats. These adipocyte-derived growth factor(s) and the effect of perivascular adipose tissue may be involved in vascular disease associated with aging and obesity.

Download or read book Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue written by Yihai Cao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..

Download or read book Perivascular Adipose Tissue PVAT in Health and Disease written by Stephanie W. Watts and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding the Potential Mechanisms by which Peri vascular Adipose Tissue PVAT contributes to obesity related Cardiovascular Diseases CVDs written by Dr. Hakim Saboowala and published by Dr.Hakim Saboowala. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the Potential Mechanisms by which Peri-vascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) contributes to obesity-related Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)., Obesity is a fast-growing problem that is reaching epidemic magnitudes worldwide, affecting both children and adults. It is associated with increased risk of: ü premature death, ü morbidity, and ü mortality from several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including: ü stroke, ü coronary heart disease (CHD), ü myocardial infarction, and ü congestive heart failure. Although several studies have substantiated that obesity confers an independent and additive risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, there is significant variability in these associations, with some lean individuals developing diseases and others remaining healthy despite severe obesity, the so-called metabolically healthy obese. Part of this variability has been attributed to the heterogeneity in both the distribution of body fat and the intrinsic properties of adipose tissue depots, including: ü developmental origin, ü adipogenic and proliferative capacity, ü glucose and lipid metabolism, ü hormonal control, ü thermogenic ability, and ü vascularization. In obesity, these depot-specific differences translate into specific fat distribution patterns, which are closely associated with differential cardiometabolic risks. The adventitial fat layer, also known as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), is of major importance. Similar to the visceral adipose tissue, PVAT has a pathophysiological role in CVDs. PVAT influences vascular homeostasis by releasing numerous vasoactive factors, cytokines, and adipokines, which can readily target the underlying smooth muscle cell layers, regulating the vascular tone, distribution of blood flow, as well as angiogenesis, inflammatory processes, and redox status. An effort has been made in this Booklet to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the role of PVAT within the scope of adipose tissue as a major contributing factor to obesity-associated cardiovascular risk along with several relevant illustrations. …Dr. H. K. Saboowala. M.B.(Bom) .M.R.S.H.(London)

Download or read book The Impact of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction on Cardiovascular and Renal Disease written by Xiaodong Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-11 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adipose Tissue Development written by Claire Levy-Marchal and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, adipose tissue is not only regarded as an organ of storage related to fuel metabolism but also as an endocrine organ involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, lipids and energy metabolism.These proceedings cover the nervous regulation of both white and brown adipose tissue mass. Different physiological parameters such as metabolism (lipolysis and thermogenesis) and secretory activity (leptin and other adipokines) are reviewed. The plasticity of adipose tissue (proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis) showing the presence of a neural feedback loop between adipose tissue and the brain, which plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, is discussed.Merging basic knowledge and various clinical conditions, this thorough review is of great interest to both scientists and physicians, in particular pediatricians, interested in obesity, endocrinology and nutrition.

Download or read book Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease written by Todd Leff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Epicardial Adipose Tissue written by Gianluca Iacobellis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive volume dedicated to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated synopsis of the anatomical, biomolecular, genetic, imaging features, and clinical applications of EAT and its role in cardiovascular disease. It relays to the reader a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the heart and adiposity-related diseases. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications and therapeutic targets of EAT in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. Comprehensive yet focused, Epicardial Adipose Tissue: From Cell to Clinic is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, endocrinology, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.

Download or read book Adipose Tissue Which Role in Aging and Longevity written by Antonello Lorenzini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book The Adipocyte and Obesity written by Charles H. Hollenberg and published by New York : Raven Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The proceedings of a 1982 international conference covers 33 review articles on research findings and the current state of knowledge of various metabolic and mechanistic aspects of the associations between the adipocyte fat cell and obesity. The articles address various facets of adipose cell growth and development; insulin action; lipid assimilation and lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue; lipolysis in adipocytes; and energy expenditure. The role of adipose tissue as a model system for the study of mechanisms of insulin action is highlighted by evidence of new cellular mediators. Recent insights in triglyceride assimilation regulation by lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid release through the lipolytic cascade are discussed. Other topics include the role of lipocytes in cholesterol turnover, the relationship of cholesterol metabolism to lipoprotein turnover and catabolism, and aspects of energy balance and thermoregulation in obesity. (wz).

Download or read book The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology written by Robert Krams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atherosclerosis is the most significant cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Vascular biology is the key to understanding how atherosclerosis arises and operates. The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology is a rich and clearly laid-out guide by leading European scientists providing comprehensive information on vascular physiology, disease, and reasearch. The textbook covers molecular findings and novel targets within the speciality while also providing the basics of vascular biology and disease pathophysiology. It also covers the major changes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis that have occurred in recent years, developments and recent breakthroughs in the field are specifically highlighted. The official publication of the ESC Working Group on Arthrosclerosis and Vascular Biology, this print edition comes with access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online, for as long as the edition is published by Oxford University Press. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge and download all the figures and tables. The textbook particularly appeals to vascular biologists, cardiologists, and other practising clinicians.

Download or read book Oxidative Stress Revisited Major Role in Vascular Diseases written by Cristina M. Sena and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress is an underlying factor in health and disease. Reactive oxygen species are produced as a result of normal cellular metabolism. The subsequent altered redox state between the formation and the neutralization of pro-oxidants results in their increased levels and therefore leads to cellular damage. Different research disciplines have increased our knowledge of the importance of this cell redox status and the recognition of oxidative stress as a process with implications for many pathophysiological states. Genetic and environmental factors, nutrition and lifestyle may indicate a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory state, linked to alterations in cellular structure and function. Oxidative stress emerges as a common, unifying factor in several conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This eBook aims to provide novel data regarding the role played by oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of chronic diseases and the different classes of therapeutics from the bench to the clinic, stressing the awareness of these concepts for the treatment of disease. In addition, articles addressing an overview of the role of oxidative stress in vascular diseases reviewing some current concepts indicating that oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms linking vascular diseases and current state-of-the-art approaches to monitor, prevent and inhibit oxidative stress will be highlighted. There is a close relation between oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the great amount of investigation carried out in the field, there are still uncertainties about the mechanisms by which free radicals can modify tissues such as perivascular adipose tissue that ultimately will reflect on vascular function. This eBook will focus on articles that can explore and identify these mechanisms. Concurrent with this understanding of oxidative stress milieu, it is necessary to recognize the need for new pharmacological tools effective in restoring oxidative balance. The abundance of new information and the paradigm shift in our understanding of how antioxidants and other redox-active drugs work in a wide variety of vascular diseases will be specifically highlighted. This eBook will provide a comprehensive, up-to-date source of information on the design and mechanistic, pharmacological, and medicinal aspects of redox-active therapeutics. Finally, a unique feature of the eBook is to provide a way to foster an enthralling discussion revisiting old paradigms and finding new solutions for the treatment of vascular diseases. The topic will include original research articles, hypotheses, perspectives and (mini)reviews from experts in the field. The next decade shows promise for the translation of this body of knowledge to novel human therapeutics and this eBook will enable to increment our knowledge in this field.

Download or read book The Adipose Organ written by Saverio Cinti and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Download or read book Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease written by Gianluca Iacobellis and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of individuals who are obese or overweight has dramatically increased over recent years and is now becoming epidemic.These individuals are more likely to suffer cardiovascular diseases and therefore physicians, specialists and trainees increasingly need to deal with these issues on the ward and in clinic. As a result, the need for appropriate knowledge of up-to-date clinical management of obesity and its associated cardiovascular problems is essential for any practising physician. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease is a readily assimilated pocket guide to obesity and cardiovascular disease. It is intended to be used 'on-the-go' and is compact enough to be on hand whilst in consultation with patients. It provides a clear and succinct overview of contemporary clinical management of cardiovascular risk stratification, and fully covers the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular in obese patients and individuals with increased visceral adiposity, translating up-to-date clinical research findings into clinical practice. Particular emphasis is placed on recent updates in practical care in obesity and cardiovascular disease, such as new diagnostic techniques and novel pharmacological and surgical approaches, as well as cardiac visceral fat, ethnic differences in adiposity-related cardiovascular risk, and metabolically healthy, but obese subjects. Topics are presented in an easily accessible format with numerous illustrations, photographs, tables, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms while highlight boxes summarise the main concepts discussed in each chapter.

Download or read book Fibrostenotic Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Florian Rieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive account of the pathogenesis and treatment of intestinal fibrosis, covering both the clinical and molecular aspects of the disease. It begins by describing the epidemiology and genetics of fibrostenosing IBD in Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis as well as the epigenetics and cellular and molecular mechanisms of the disease. Readers will obtain an in-depth overview of the disease from biomarkers and histology to surgical intervention, imaging and current and future drug therapies. Medical management of fibrosis, endoscopy and imaging as well as surgical approaches are all discussed. Through the links to videos contained in the book, the reader will become familiar with interventional procedures such as endoscopic balloon dilation and surgical techniques for stricturing IBD, such as resection and strictureplasties. This is an indispensable volume for anyone working on fibrostenotic IBD, such as gastroenterologists, internists, radiologists, colorectal surgeons, pathologists and researchers. It has been written by a team of top experts from North America, Asia and Europe.

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.