Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Download or read book Maternal and Fetal Factors Associated with Labor and Delivery Complications written by Prasad Laxman Gawade and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged second stage of labor, excessive gestational weight gain and cesarean delivery has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Physical activity during pregnancy is a modifiable risk factor which has never been studied among Hispanic women. Gestational weight gain, another modifiable risk factor has only been evaluated as a risk factor for cesarean delivery in two studies among women induced for labor. To date, no study has examined the effect of duration of second stage of labor on intra-ventricular hemorrhage in very preterm births. We examined these maternal risk factors for prolonged second stage of labor, rate of cesarean delivery and fetal outcomes. The first study evaluated the association between physical activity and duration of second stage of labor. Prior studies regarding physical activity and duration of second stage of labor have been conflicting and none have examined the Hispanic population. During pregnancy, activities such as household chores, childcare, sports and women's occupation constitute a significant proportion of physical activity but have not been considered in prior studies. We examined the association between total physical activity (occupational, sport/exercise, household/care giving, and active living) during pre, early and mid-pregnancy and duration of second stage of labor in a prospective cohort of 1,231 Hispanic participants. Physical activity was quantified using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey administered during pregnancy. Using multivariate linear regression we did not find statistically significant association between pre, early and mid-pregnancy physical activity and duration of second stage of labor. The second study focused on the effect of gestational weight gain on the cesarean delivery rate after induction of labor. The rate of induction of labor (IOL) has more than doubled from 9.5% in 1990 to 22.5% in 2006. Cesarean delivery usually follows a failed IOL and is associated with maternal and fetal morbidity. One of the two studies evaluating the effect of gestational weight gain on the rate of cesarean section in patients undergoing IOL was restricted to women with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and the other was subjected to bias because more than half of the patients were missing BMI data. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of gestational weight gain on the rate of cesarean delivery after labor induction. In a retrospective cohort study design, using data from May 2005 to June 2008 and a multivariate logistic regression we found a 13% increase in risk of cesarean delivery with 5 kg increase in gestational weight gain. Finally, we evaluated the effect of mode of delivery and duration of second stage of labor on intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) among early preterm births. IVH is a serious complication associated with preterm birth and important predictors of cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental delays. Prior studies on this relationship in early preterm births are sparse. In a retrospective cohort study of newborns born less than 30 weeks or less than 1500 g between May 2003 and August 2008, we found an increase in risk of IVH after vaginal delivery. However, duration of second stage of labor had no significant effect on risk of IVH.
Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.
Download or read book Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emphasis of the manual is on rapid assessment and decision making. The clinical action steps are based on clinical assessment with limited reliance on laboratory or other tests and most are possible in a variety of clinical settings.
Download or read book Reducing Birth Defects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book Maternal Critical Care written by Marc van de Velde and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the challenges of managing critically ill obstetric patients, with chapters authored by intensivists/anesthesiologists and obstetricians/maternal-fetal medicine specialists.
Download or read book Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury written by David K. Stevenson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative, practical clinical text giving clear management advice on diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of all fetal and neonatal brain injuries.
Download or read book High Risk Pregnancy written by David K. James and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the full range of challenges in general obstetrics, medical complications of pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis, fetal disease, & management of labour & delivery. The authors present an evidence-based approach to the available management options, equipping you with the most appropriate strategy for each patient.
Download or read book The Role of Environmental Hazards in Premature Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-11-17 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year in the United States approximately 440,000 babies are born premature. These infants are at greater risk of death, and are more likely to suffer lifelong medical complications than full-term infants. Clinicians and researchers have made vast improvements in treating preterm birth; however, little success has been attained in understanding and preventing preterm birth. Understanding the complexity of interactions underlying preterm birth will be needed if further gains in outcomes are expected. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine sponsored a workshop to understand the biological mechanism of normal labor and delivery, and how environmental influences, as broadly defined, can interact with the processes of normal pregnancy to result in preterm birth. This report is a summary of the main themes presented by the speakers and participants.
Download or read book Manual of High Risk Pregnancy and Delivery E Book written by Elizabeth S. Gilbert and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-05-24 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book of its kind, Manual of High Risk Pregnancy & Delivery provides a complete resource for care of this special patient and her complex needs. It helps you provide positive outcomes with coverage of today's newest technology, physiologic considerations, psychologic implications, health disorders, and other complications in pregnancy. Written by noted educator and practitioner Elizabeth Stepp Gilbert, RNC, MS, FNP-BC, CNS, this book also describes how to screen for risk factors, provide preventive management, and intervene appropriately when problems arise. It's a concise, hands-on reference for both inpatient and outpatient settings! A consistent format makes this book a practical, hands-on reference in the clinical setting, presenting problems with the following headings: incidence, etiology, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical management. Comprehensive coverage includes physiologic considerations, fetal assessment, perinatal screening, ethical and legal issues, health disorders during pregnancy, complications, and labor and delivery issues. Up-to-date content includes integrative therapy, domestic violence, multiple gestation, genetics, nutrition, culture, risk management, and all the latest screening tools. A section on ethical and legal considerations covers ethical decision making, legal issues, and risk management. Updated evidence-based content includes the latest AHWONN standards of practice. Patient safety and risk management strategies include updated approaches to improving outcomes, reducing complications, and increasing patient safety during high risk pregnancy and delivery. New Venous Thromboembolic Disease chapter provides current information on this increasingly common condition. Information on the latest assessment and monitoring devices keeps you current with today's technology. Standardized terminology and definitions from the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) lead to accurate and precise communication.
Download or read book Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes written by Wei Wu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 10% of the global burden of disease is due to pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. Despite recent advances in obstetric medicine, pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes are a growing public health concern and economic burden on the healthcare system. This book will focus on the pregnancy complications and birth outcomes, from the aspects of gestational age, environmental, genetic, epigenetic risk factors, and delivery room management.
Download or read book Pregnancy Childbirth Postpartum and Newborn Care written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides a full range of updated, evidence-based norms and standards that will enable health care providers to give high quality care during pregnancy, delivery and in the postpartum period, considering the needs of the mother and her newborn baby. All recommendations are for skilled attendants working at the primary level of health care, either at the facility or in the community. They apply to all women attending antenatal care, in delivery, postpartum or post abortion care, or who come for emergency care, and to all newborns at birth and during the first week of life (or later) for routine and emergency care. This guide is a guide for clinical decision-making. It facilitates the collection; analysis, classification and use of relevant information by suggesting key questions, essential observations and/or examinations, and recommending appropriate research-based interventions. It promotes the early detection of complications and the initiation of early and appropriate treatment, including time referral, if necessary. Correct use of this guide should help reduce high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates prevalent in many parts of the developing world, thereby making pregnancy and childbirth safer.
Download or read book Birthing Justice written by Julia Chinyere Oparah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a global crisis in maternal health care for black women. In the United States, black women are over three times more likely to perish from pregnancy-related complications than white women; their babies are half as likely to survive the first year. Many black women experience policing, coercion, and disempowerment during pregnancy and childbirth and are disconnected from alternative birthing traditions. This book places black women's voices at the center of the debate on what should be done to fix the broken maternity system and foregrounds black women's agency in the emerging birth justice movement. Mixing scholarly, activist, and personal perspectives, the book shows readers how they too can change lives, one birth at a time.
Download or read book Assisted Reproductive Technology Success Rates written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Childbirth written by Miljana Z. Jovandaric and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, there were about 135 million births globally. Each year, complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 maternal deaths, 7 million women have serious long-term problems, and 50 million women have negative health outcomes following delivery. Most of these occur in the developing world. This book discusses many aspects of childbirth and provides recommendations for improving maternal and fetal health. Chapters covers such topics as placental abruption, induced labor, low birth weight, prenatal education programs, and improving the birth space. Authors examine effects of air pollution, consanguineous marriage, and the use of traditional birth attendants on maternal morbidity and mortality.
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Midwifery written by Sue Battersby and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and bestselling handbook provides midwives with everything they need for successful practice. It contains concise, practical and expert guidance on all aspects of the midwife's role, from pre-conceptual advice to the final post-natal examination of the mother and baby.
