Download or read book Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Disinfection By products written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project represents basic research to generate quantitative, comparative in vitro mammalian cell toxicity data of emerging DBPs and related compounds. It is the first systematic cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of its kind --

Download or read book Cytotoxicity Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity of Emerging Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts written by Claire Frances McGuigan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed unintentionally when organic matter in raw water reacts with disinfectants used to kill pathogens. Epidemiological studies have shown that an increased risk of bladder cancer is associated with consumption of chlorinated water, but little is known of the toxicity of many DBPs. This thesis examined the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic properties of phenazine and halobenzoquinone (HBQ) DBPs in human cells. Cytotoxicity was examined with an impedance-based real-time cell analysis (RTCA) instrument, mutagenicity was examined with the Ames test (bacterial reverse mutation assay), and genotoxicity was examined with the alkaline comet assay. Phenazine showed differential toxicity in human cell lines, producing an antiproliferative cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells but a genotoxic effect in T24 cells. The BJ/XPA RTCA in vitro assay was developed and validated to provide high-throughput screening of cytotoxicity and nucleotide excision repair (NER)-mediated DNA damage simultaneously. Selected HBQs were examined with the BJ/XPA assay; the position, type, and number of substitutions on the benzoquinone ring affected cytotoxicity. All tested HBQs caused substitution mutations in the Ames test under at least some of the experimental conditions. 2,6-dichloro-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DCMBQ) was the most potent HBQ compound tested, demonstrating cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. Follow-up experiments indicated that N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, reduced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity when added concomitantly with DCMBQ. Both the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DCMBQ appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by the formation of reactive oxygen species. DCMBQ-induced genotoxicity appeared to be refractory to repair and may involve formation of complex oxidatively generated clustered lesions. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are required for HBQ DBPs, particularly DCMBQ, to further determine their toxic effects. In summary, the original contributions of this research are: 1) the development of a novel in vitro method to simultaneously assess cytotoxicity and NER-mediated genotoxicity; 2) new information on the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic properties of halobenzoquinone DBPs; 3) discovery of cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of phenazine; and 4) evidence of potential toxic mechanisms of action of DCMBQ.

Download or read book Comparative Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Drinking Water Disinfection By products written by Yahya Kargalioglu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Comparative Toxicity and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection By Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity and DNA Repair Kinetics of Drinking Water Disinfection By products written by Justin A. Pals and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Genotoxicity Assessment of DBPs in Drinking Water written by R. A. Minear and published by Amer Water Works Assn. This book was released on 2003 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research resulted in a quantitative analysis of the relative cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) as well as DBP mixtures isolated from the disinfection of a well-characterized natural organic matter. A principal component of this study was the development of novel microplate-based cytotoxicity and genotoxicity methods for "Salmonella typhimurium" and mammalian cell assay systems. These assays allowed the analytical biology to be integrated with the analytical chemistry portion of this work -- foreword.

Download or read book Iodinated X ray Contrast Media ICM as Precursors to Disinfection Byproduct DBP Formation and Enhanced Toxicity as a Function of PH and Chlorinated Oxidant written by Alexis Helen Killinger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (iodo-DBPs) and mammalian cell cyto/genotoxicity in the presence of iodinated x-ray contrast media (ICM), chlorinated oxidants, and natural organic matter (NOM). The ICM chosen as the source of iodide for these experiments were iopamidol and iohexol. The experiments were conducted with aqueous chlorine or monochloramine as the chlorinated oxidant. The experiments were conducted at pH 6.5 - 9.0. The NOM concentration was constant [DOC] = 5.57 mg/L. Chloroform formation in the presence of iopamidol, a regulated DBP, was highest at pH 9.0 with aqueous chlorine (up to 4014 nM) and pH 6.5 with monochloramine (up to 56 nM). Additionally, dichloroiodomethane followed a similar trend in the presence of iopamidol with concentrations in the chlorine experiments forming up to 650 nM and the monochloramine experiments forming up to 52 nM. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) formation generally decreased as pH increased; however, iopamidol significantly contributes to TCAA formation at pH 7.5 disrupting the normally observed TCAA formation trend in the presence of NOM. Toxicity of the iopamidol transformation in the presence of chlorinated oxidants and NOM was also investigated. The cytotoxicity index (CTI) values were highest for chlorine (i.e., 21.0) and monochloramine (i.e., 16.5) when compared to control experiments without iopamidol. Genotoxicity index (GTI) values were highest for chlorine (i.e., 7.1) and monochloramine (i.e., 3.5) when compared to control experiments. Iohexol DBP experiments resulted in an enhanced formation of chloroform, while very little dichloroiodomethane formed, and the TCAA formation observed was comparable to the chlorinated source water controls. With iohexol as the iodide source, the CTI and GIT values were highest with aqueous chlorine at 21.6 and 3.8, respectively, when compared to control experiments without iohexol present. Iopamidol acts as a precursor to DBP formation, while also enhancing mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after chlorine or chloramine disinfection. While iohexol formed regulated and unregulated DBPs, it also enhanced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, though to a lesser extent than iopamidol.

Download or read book Some Drinking water Disinfectants and Contaminants Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.

Download or read book Disinfection By products in Drinking Water written by K Clive Thompson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the reader right up to date. Stemming from an international conference, contributions are from decision-makers, regulators and the relevant scientific community. Coverage includes emerging disinfection by-products, water treatment, water recycling, monitoring, regulation and health and toxicology aspects. It will be of interest to water companies, public health professionals, drinking water quality regulators, suppliers of laboratory and on-line monitoring equipment, analytical chemists, and academic and industry researchers working in the area of disinfection by-products.

Download or read book Disinfection By products in Drinking Water written by Tanju Karanfil and published by Academic. This book was released on 2008 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of chapters on the latest international research findings, including emerging issues and state-of-the-art studies, related to disinfection by-product formation and control in drinking waters and treated wastewaters.

Download or read book Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment written by Beate Escher and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Water Quality Set - Buy all four books and save over 30% on buying separately! Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment reviews the application of bioanalytical tools to the assessment of water quality including surveillance monitoring. The types of water included range from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment. Bioanalytical tools in Water Quality Assessment can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists, and toxicologists. Authors: Beate Escher, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), The University of Queensland, Australia, Frederic Leusch, Smart Water Research Facility (G51), Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Australia. With contributions by Heather Chapman and Anita Poulsen

Download or read book Drinking Water Disinfection By products Toxicological Impacts and Biological Mechanisms Induced by Individual Compounds Or as Complex Mixtures written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disinfection By products in Drinking Water written by K. Clive Thompson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the academic and industry researchers right up to date.

Download or read book Toxic Effects on Model Mammalian Cells by Monohalogenated Disinfection Byproducts Haloacetic Acids and Haloacetonitriles written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disinfection By products in Drinking Water written by M.N.V. Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. - Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies - Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches - Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies - Provides background information regarding contamination sources

Download or read book Disinfection By Products and Human Health written by Steve E. Hrudey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is based on contributions from speakers who participated in May 2011 workshops on Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) and Human Health at Ozwater 11 in Adelaide, Australia or at an AWA sponsored workshop at the Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Perth, Australia. The contributions are prepared to facilitate communication with practitioners, rather than researchers, making use of overview illustrations rather than dense text or data tables. Each chapter concludes with up to 5 key findings that are take-home messages for practitioners. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is aimed specifically at drinking water professionals (engineers, chemists and public health professionals) working on the front lines of drinking water issues where they must encounter actual day-to-day issues of risk management concerning DBPs in relation to all the other regulatory and water quality issues they must manage. Although a topic this complex is certainly not amenable to simplistic explanations, this book aims to provide drinking water professionals with a pragmatic assessment of the current evidence and emerging issues concerning DBPs and public health. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is an essential, practical and accessible guide for drinking water professionals, engineers, chemists and public health professionals. Editors: Steve E. Hrudey, Professor Emeritus, Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Canada, Jeffrey W.A. Charrois, Director and Associate Professor, Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, Steve Hrudey is professor emeritus in analytical and environmental toxicology in the University of Alberta's Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. He spent 13 years as a cabinet-appointed member of the Alberta Environmental Appeals Board, the last four as chair, and was the first non-lawyer to hold this position. During this period, he served on 36 public hearing panels, 19 as chair of the panel. In addition he has testified before senate committees in Canada and the Legislative Council in Western Australia. Hrudey has served on a number of high-profile expert panels, including the Research Advisory Panel to the Walkerton Inquiry (2000-2002), the Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations (2006), the Technical Advisory Committee to the B.C. Minister of Health on turbidity and microbial risk in drinking water (2007-2008, as chair), the Expert Advisory Panel on Water Quality for Washington, D.C., to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2009-2011) and chair of the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on Environmental and Health Impacts of Canada's Oil Sands Industry (2009-2010). He has also co-authored or edited nine books, including the widely acclaimed book inspired by the Walkerton tragedy: Safe Drinking Water - Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations (IWA Publishing, 2004). He has written 26 book chapters, 19 expert panel reports, 163 refereed journal articles, 15 science discussions, six media op-eds and 73 conference proceeding papers. Hrudey is the 2012 winner of the American Water Works Association A.P. Black Research Award for contributions to water science and water supply. This book is sponsored by Australian Water Association (AWA)

Download or read book Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products Food and Drinking water written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides an assessment of the carcinogenicity of 18 chemicals present in industrial and consumer products or food (natural constituents, contaminants, or flavorings) or occurring as water-chlorination by-products. The compounds evaluated include the widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the food contaminant 4-methylimidazole. In view of the limited agent-specific information available from epidemiological studies, the IARC Monographs Working Group relied mainly on carcinogenicity bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to evaluate the carcinogenic hazards to humans exposed to these agents.