Download or read book Low cost Air Particulate Monitor Based on Particle Capture and Imaging written by An Chang (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate Matter (PM) pollution continues to be an important global environmental issue and raises increasing concerns for public health. The strong correlation between personal health impact and actual local exposure creates a huge demand for air particulate sensors meant for small-scale measurement. However, today's air particulate monitoring technologies suffer from high cost, high power requirements, or large size, which presents an opportunity to create low-cost, compact, and low-power sensors that are desired for block-level, household, automobile, or even personal-level monitoring. In this thesis, the basic concept components of a novel PM monitoring method based on capture and imaging are developed and validated. Two capture techniques, electrostatic precipitation (ESP) and fiber-filtration, are demonstrated and verified with corresponding imaging results. Particulates captured either on flat substrate or aligned fibers are illuminated by LED light source with a glancing angle, or with the help of waveguides. Light scattered from the particles is detected by a CMOS camera module, yielding the particle size distribution and also revealing the morphology and properties of particulates. The results suggest that, with proper data analysis, this approach has the potential to monitor the real-time PM level of the sampled air and also classify between different particle sources. A detection limit of 200 nm is demonstrated and two kinds of pollens are notably distinguished from solid dust particulates. Additional, assorted replenishment schemes are designed to ensure a long, maintenance-free operational life.

Download or read book Air Quality Data Statistics written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. National Air Data Branch and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Internet of Things Smart Computing and Technology A Roadmap Ahead written by Nilanjan Dey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a broad range of topics concerning machine learning, big data, the Internet of things (IoT), and security in the IoT. Its goal is to bring together several innovative studies on these areas, in order to help researchers, engineers, and designers in several interdisciplinary domains pursue related applications. It presents an overview of the various algorithms used, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each in the fields of machine learning and big data. It also covers next-generation computing paradigms that are expected to support wireless networking with high data transfer rates and autonomous decision-making capabilities. In turn, the book discusses IoT applications (e.g. healthcare applications) that generate a huge amount of sensor data and imaging data that must be handled correctly for further processing. In the traditional IoT ecosystem, cloud computing offers a solution for the efficient management of huge amounts of data, thanks to its ability to access shared resources and provide a common infrastructure in a ubiquitous manner. Though these new technologies are invaluable, they also reveal serious IoT security challenges. IoT applications are vulnerable to various types of attack such as eavesdropping, spoofing and false data injection, the man-in-the-middle attack, replay attack, denial-of-service attack, jamming attack, flooding attack, etc. These and other security issues in the Internet of things are explored in detail. In addition to highlighting outstanding research and recent advances from around the globe, the book reports on current challenges and future directions in the IoT. Accordingly, it offers engineers, professionals, researchers, and designers an applied-oriented resource to support them in a broad range of interdisciplinary areas.

Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Download or read book Air Quality Networks written by Saverio De Vito and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers expert contributions proposing new and recently set scientific standards for smart air quality (AQ) networks data processing, along with results obtained during field deployments of pervasive and mobile systems. The book is divided into 5 main sections; 1) future air quality networks, 2) general data processing techniques, 3) field deployments performances, 4) special applications, and 5) cooperative and regulatory efforts. The authors offer different sources of data for the production of trustworthy insights, including spatio-temporal predictive AQ maps meant to boost citizen awareness, and informed participation in remediation and prevention policies. Readers will learn about the best and most up-to-date practices for measuring and assessing air quality, while also learning about current regulatory statuses regarding air quality technology design and implementation. The book will be of interest to air quality regulatory agencies, citizen science groups, city authorities, and researchers and students working with air quality sensors and geostatistics.

Download or read book Real time Monitoring of Particulate Matter Size Concentration and Complex Index of Refraction written by Mir Seliman Waez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on real-time monitoring of particulate matter concentration and sizing, and determining the complex index of refraction of single particles simultaneously. We investigated application of low-cost optical dust sensors GP2Y1010AU0F for monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ) in buildings; developed a single-particle detector for large, non-absorbing spherical particles so the particles could be sized independently of the refractive index; and developed another sensor to determine the size and complex index of refraction of single particles simultaneously. We calibrated low-cost optical dust sensors GP2Y1010AU0F using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) as a reference instrument. Four sensors were connected in series with the APS and data were collected simultaneously on the downstream of a flow loop where the aerosol concentration was controlled. Sensors' performances were compared to each other as well as to the manufacturer's calibration data. Sensors were also exposed at two different positions in a controlled chamber to collect (1) indoor air data and (2) indoor air data with incense burning; results were compared to the calibration data. Initially, it was found that sensors' data were different from each other by ±15%. This percentage was decreased to ±5.9% by adjusting the potentiometer on each sensor. Since the sensors work with light scattering, it was found their outputs were affected by ambient light levels causing uncertainties in the measured values. Sensors' data for indoor air with incense burning were affected by airflow. When connected in series to the APS with 5 L/min airflow passing through them, their data agreed with the calibration data; however, they did not agree when exposed to still air i.e., without airflow. To determine the size of non-absorbing spherical particles independent of their refractive indices, we found the differential scattering cross-section to be only independent of the real refractive index at angles near 37 ± 5°. We built a device by modifying a Gaussian incident beam profile to a diamond-shaped beam so that the beam transit time of a particle passing through it could determine the true incident intensity for the scattering of the particle. By combining the modified Gaussian incident beam profile with detection of scattered light near 37 ± 5°, we demonstrated a refractive-index independent measurement of single spherical particles as they passed through the beam. In order to simultaneously determine the size and complex index of refraction of single particles, we developed a sensor that measures the scattered-light intensity of particles at three different scattering angles, i.e., 37 ± 5°, 80 ± 5°, and 115 ± 5°, in a diamond-shaped beam. The differential scattering cross-section is only independent of the real part of the refractive index at 37 ± 5°; however, in the case of absorbing particles, it depends on the imaginary part. At 115°, particles can be sized independently of the imaginary component; however, at 80°, it depends on both the real and the imaginary components. Although this dependence agrees at several angles, we have chosen 80° because the variation of the differential scattering cross-section at this angle is more consistent compared to other scattering angles.

Download or read book Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics written by Mohd Najib Ali Mokhtar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of SympoSIMM 2021, the 4th edition of the Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics. Focusing on “Strengthening Innovations Towards Industry 4.0”, the book is divided into five parts covering various areas of manufacturing engineering and mechatronics stream, namely, intelligent manufacturing and artificial intelligence, Instrumentation and control, design modelling and simulation, process and machining technology, and smart material. The book will be a valuable resource for readers wishing to embrace the new era of Industry 4.0.

Download or read book Generalized Lorenz Mie Theories written by Gérard Gouesbet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores generalized Lorenz–Mie theories when the illuminating beam is an electromagnetic arbitrary shaped beam relying on the method of separation of variables. The new edition includes an additional chapter covering the latest advances in both research and applications, which are highly relevant for readers. Although it particularly focuses on the homogeneous sphere, the book also considers other regular particles. It discusses in detail the methods available for evaluating beam shape coefficients describing the illuminating beam. In addition it features applications used in many fields such as optical particle sizing and, more generally, optical particle characterization, morphology-dependent resonances and the mechanical effects of light for optical trapping, optical tweezers and optical stretchers. Furthermore, it provides various computer programs relevant to the content.

Download or read book Enhanced Living Environments written by Ivan Ganchev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-18 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1303 “Algorithms, Architectures and Platforms for Enhanced Living Environments (AAPELE)”. The concept of Enhanced Living Environments (ELE) refers to the area of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) that is more related with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Effective ELE solutions require appropriate ICT algorithms, architectures, platforms, and systems, having in view the advance of science and technology in this area and the development of new and innovative solutions that can provide improvements in the quality of life for people in their homes and can reduce the financial burden on the budgets of the healthcare providers. The aim of this book is to become a state-of-the-art reference, discussing progress made, as well as prompting future directions on theories, practices, standards, and strategies related to the ELE area. The book contains 12 chapters and can serve as a valuable reference for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, educators, faculty members, researchers, engineers, medical doctors, healthcare organizations, insurance companies, and research strategists working in this area.

Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.

Download or read book State of the art Review of CO2 Demand Controlled Ventilation Technology and Application written by Steven J. Emmerich and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of outdoor air intake rates in mechanically ventilated bldgs. based on indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, often referred to as CO2 demand controlled ventilation (DCV), has the potential for reducing the energy consumption assoc. with bldg. ventilation in commercial and institutional bldgs. CO2 DCV has been studied for 20+ years, but questions still remain re: the actual energy savings potential as a function of climate, ventilation system features, and bldg. occupancy. In addition, questions exist as to the indoor air quality impacts of the approach and the best way to implement CO2 DCV in a given bldg. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of CO2 DCV technology and application incl. discussion of the concept and its application, and a literature review.

Download or read book Urban Remote Sensing written by Xiaojun X. Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Remote Sensing The second edition of Urban Remote Sensing is a state-of-the-art review of the latest progress in the subject. The text examines how evolving innovations in remote sensing allow to deliver the critical information on cities in a timely and cost-effective way to support various urban management activities and the scientific research on urban morphology, socio-environmental dynamics, and sustainability. Chapters are written by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines including remote sensing, GIS, geography, urban planning, environmental science, and sustainability science, with case studies predominately drawn from North America and Europe. A review of the essential and emerging research areas in urban remote sensing including sensors, techniques, and applications, especially some critical issues that are shifting the ­directions in urban remote sensing research. Illustrated in full color throughout, including numerous relevant case studies and extensive discussions of important concepts and cutting-edge technologies to enable clearer understanding for non-technical audiences. Urban Remote Sensing, Second Edition will be of particular interest to upper-division undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals working in the fields of remote sensing, geospatial information, and urban & environmental planning.

Download or read book How AI Impacts Urban Living and Public Health written by José Pagán and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2019, held in New York City, NY, USA, in October 2019. The 15 full papers and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They cover topics such as: e-health technology design; well-being technology; biomedical and health informatics; and smart environment technology.

Download or read book See The Air written by Sotirios Papathanasiou and published by . This book was released on 2020-05 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since my first book "See The Air - The Essential Guide for Optimal Air Quality in Your Life" was published back in 2017 many have read it, and many have followed my example and tried to write and describe the problem too. There is some interest in the field, and I want to contribute even more by gathering all the available information regarding air pollution and its impact on health in this book. My intention here is clear, I want to shock people and authorities and make it clear that there is proof. Air pollution kills millions of people every year and there is no excuse not to listen to brilliant scientists and the noble work they have done.

Download or read book Harnessing the Potential of Low Cost Particle Sensors for Use in Hierarchical Air Quality Networks written by Hamesh Patel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor air quality is responsible for an extra 8 million premature deaths worldwide, with 92% of the world’s population living in regions where air quality fails to meet recommended guidelines. Particulate matter is a toxic air pollutant which is detrimental to human health and has a degrading effect on the environment. Particulate matter comes in many different shapes, sizes and chemical compositions making it extremely complex to measure. Councils and regulators use specialised instrumentation to measure particulate matter which is very expensive to acquire, set-up and maintain. As a consequence regulatory networks have a limited temporal and spatial resolution which can impede an accurate assessment particulate matter on human health and the environment. It is already thought that current levels of particulate matter are significantly underestimated. Improvements in technology have seen cheap particulate sensors entering the market. However, questions have been raised regarding their reliability, accuracy and long term performance. Although previous studies have explored the errors associated with low-cost sensors many are not systematic and have limitations when applied to the real world. This work aims to characterise low and medium cost particulate instruments alongside regulatory instruments deployed under real world environmental settings to gain a better understanding of instrument performance and the impact of changes in environmental variables in order to successfully correct data and reduce error. The results demonstrate a reduction in data quality as the notional quality of the instrument decreases. An addition of a mini-cyclone to a low cost instrument improved data quality. Instruments are affected by environmental factors such as specific humidity and temperature with varying results across different instruments and particle size ranges. A range of empirical correction factors were needed to correct data. Data was successfully corrected with a significant reduction in error for all bar one instrument. Detection of exceedances of arbitrary threshold had varying results. Deployment of these instruments within a tiered network of different quality instruments proved to be successful in correcting data and adding significant value which has the potential to increase temporal and spatial resolution of air quality networks and provide reliable results to regulators, scientists and communities with maximum efficiency and minimum cost.

Download or read book Monitoring for Gaseous Pollutants in Museum Environments written by Cecily M. Grzywacz and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on passive sampling, this volume focuses on the environmental monitoring for common gaseous pollutants. It offers an overview of the history and nature of pollutants of concern to museums and the challenges facing scientists, conservators, and managers seeking to develop target pollutant guidelines to protect cultural property.

Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.