Download or read book Mobile Robot Localization and Map Building written by Jose A. Castellanos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, many researchers have dedicated their efforts to constructing revolutionary machines and to providing them with forms of artificial intelligence to perform some of the most hazardous, risky or monotonous tasks historically assigned to human beings. Among those machines, mobile robots are undoubtedly at the cutting edge of current research directions. A rough classification of mobile robots can be considered: on the one hand, mobile robots oriented to human-made indoor environments; on the other hand, mobile robots oriented to unstructured outdoor environments, which could include flying oriented robots, space-oriented robots and underwater robots. The most common motion mechanism for surface mobile robots is the wheel-based mechanism, adapted both to flat surfaces, found in human-made environments, and to rough terrain, found in outdoor environments. However, some researchers have reported successful developments with leg-based mobile robots capable of climbing up stairs, although they require further investigation. The research work presented here focuses on wheel-based mobile robots that navigate in human-made indoor environments. The main problems described throughout this book are: Representation and integration of uncertain geometric information by means of the Symmetries and Perturbations Model (SPmodel). This model combines the use of probability theory to represent the imprecision in the location of a geometric element, and the theory of symmetries to represent the partiality due to characteristics of each type of geometric element. A solution to the first location problem, that is, the computation of an estimation for the mobile robot location when the vehicle is completely lost in the environment. The problem is formulated as a search in an interpretation tree using efficient matching algorithms and geometric constraints to reduce the size of the solution space. The book proposes a new probabilistic framework adapted to the problem of simultaneous localization and map building for mobile robots: the Symmetries and Perturbations Map (SPmap). This framework has been experimentally validated by a complete experiment which profited from ground-truth to accurately validate the precision and the appropriateness of the approach. The book emphasizes the generality of the solutions proposed to the different problems and their independence with respect to the exteroceptive sensors mounted on the mobile robot. Theoretical results are complemented by real experiments, where the use of multisensor-based approaches is highlighted.
Download or read book Mobile Robots Navigation written by Alejandra Barrera and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile robots navigation includes different interrelated activities: (i) perception, as obtaining and interpreting sensory information; (ii) exploration, as the strategy that guides the robot to select the next direction to go; (iii) mapping, involving the construction of a spatial representation by using the sensory information perceived; (iv) localization, as the strategy to estimate the robot position within the spatial map; (v) path planning, as the strategy to find a path towards a goal location being optimal or not; and (vi) path execution, where motor actions are determined and adapted to environmental changes. The book addresses those activities by integrating results from the research work of several authors all over the world. Research cases are documented in 32 chapters organized within 7 categories next described.
Download or read book Robot Navigation from Nature written by Michael John Milford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering book describes the development of a robot mapping and navigation system inspired by models of the neural mechanisms underlying spatial navigation in the rodent hippocampus. Computational models of animal navigation systems have traditionally had limited performance when implemented on robots. This is the first research to test existing models of rodent spatial mapping and navigation on robots in large, challenging, real world environments.
Download or read book Active Sensors for Local Planning in Mobile Robotics written by Penelope Probert Smith and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes recent work on active sensors for mobile robots. An active sensor interacts with its surroundings to supply data on demand for a particular function, gathering and abstracting information according to need rather than acting as a generic data gatherer. Details of the physical operation are hidden. The book deals mainly with active range sensors, which provide rapid information for local planning, describing extraction of two-dimensional features such as lines, corners and cylinders to reconstruct a plan of a building. It is structured according to the physical principles of the sensors, since to a large extent these determine the function of the sensors and the methods of processing. Recent work using sonar, optoelectronic sensors and radar is described. Sections on vision and on sensor management develop the idea of software adaptation for efficient operation in a changing environment. Contents: The Mapping and Localisation Problem; Perception at Millimetre Wavelengths; Advanced Sonar: Principles of Operation and Interpretation; Smooth and Rough Target Modelling: Examples in Mapping and Texture Classification; Sonar Systems: A Biological Perspective; Map Building from Range Data Using Mathematical Morphology; Millimetre Wave Radar for Robotics; Optoelectronic Range Sensors; AMCW LIDAR Range Acquisition; Extracting Lines and Curves from Optoelectronic Range Data; Active Vision for Mobile Robot Navigation; Strategies for Active Sensor Management. Readership: Graduate students and final year undergraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, systems and knowledge, robotics, image processing and artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Robot Localization and Map Building written by Hanafiah Yussof and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Localization and mapping are the essence of successful navigation in mobile platform technology. Localization is a fundamental task in order to achieve high levels of autonomy in robot navigation and robustness in vehicle positioning. Robot localization and mapping is commonly related to cartography, combining science, technique and computation to build a trajectory map that reality can be modelled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. This book describes comprehensive introduction, theories and applications related to localization, positioning and map building in mobile robot and autonomous vehicle platforms. It is organized in twenty seven chapters. Each chapter is rich with different degrees of details and approaches, supported by unique and actual resources that make it possible for readers to explore and learn the up to date knowledge in robot navigation technology. Understanding the theory and principles described in this book requires a multidisciplinary background of robotics, nonlinear system, sensor network, network engineering, computer science, physics, etc.
Download or read book Vision Based Autonomous Robot Navigation written by Amitava Chatterjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-13 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is devoted to the theory and development of autonomous navigation of mobile robots using computer vision based sensing mechanism. The conventional robot navigation systems, utilizing traditional sensors like ultrasonic, IR, GPS, laser sensors etc., suffer several drawbacks related to either the physical limitations of the sensor or incur high cost. Vision sensing has emerged as a popular alternative where cameras can be used to reduce the overall cost, maintaining high degree of intelligence, flexibility and robustness. This book includes a detailed description of several new approaches for real life vision based autonomous navigation algorithms and SLAM. It presents the concept of how subgoal based goal-driven navigation can be carried out using vision sensing. The development concept of vision based robots for path/line tracking using fuzzy logic is presented, as well as how a low-cost robot can be indigenously developed in the laboratory with microcontroller based sensor systems. The book describes successful implementation of integration of low-cost, external peripherals, with off-the-shelf procured robots. An important highlight of the book is that it presents a detailed, step-by-step sample demonstration of how vision-based navigation modules can be actually implemented in real life, under 32-bit Windows environment. The book also discusses the concept of implementing vision based SLAM employing a two camera based system.
Download or read book Semantic Labeling of Places with Mobile Robots written by Óscar Martinez Mozos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years there has been an increasing interest in the area of service robots. Under this category we find robots working in tasks such as elderly care, guiding, office and domestic assistance, inspection, and many more. Service robots usually work in indoor environments designed for humans, with offices and houses being some of the most typical examples. These environments are typically divided into places with different functionalities like corridors, rooms or doorways. The ability to learn such semantic categories from sensor data enables a mobile robot to extend its representation of the environment, and to improve its capabilities. As an example, natural language terms like corridor or room can be used to indicate the position of the robot in a more intuitive way when communicating with humans. This book presents several approaches to enable a mobile robot to categorize places in indoor environments. The categories are indicated by terms which represent the different regions in these environments. The objective of this work is to enable mobile robots to perceive the spatial divisions in indoor environments in a similar way as people do. This is an interesting step forward to the problem of moving the perception of robots closer to the perception of humans. Many approaches introduced in this book come from the area of pattern recognition and classification. The applied methods have been adapted to solve the specific problem of place recognition. In this regard, this work is a useful reference to students and researchers who want to introduce classification techniques to help solve similar problems in mobile robotics.
Download or read book An Implementation of a Novel Localization Framework for Robots and Its Application to Multi robot Tasks written by Paul Mihai Maxim and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the trend in robotics is to replace single robot platforms with teams of robots that cooperate to achieve a common goal. The main reasons are the fact that single robots may break down leading to a complete failure of achieving a goal and that certain tasks, such as chemical plume tracing, distributed sensing grids, or map generation, are difficult, if not impossible, to be solved with only one robot. Replacing a single robot by a team of robots can lead to a system that is fully distributed, more robust, noise tolerant, and highly scalable. One of the bottlenecks in the development of successful collaborative robotics is an enabling localization technology that shares the design criteria of collaborative robots, as we mentioned above. Existing localization technologies rely either on global information provided by GPS, beacons, and landmarks or on complex local information provided by vision systems. Using global information limits the use of the localization to specific environments and it is more prone to errors. Vision-based localization systems require expensive hardware and their accuracy is limited both by distance and lighting conditions. To address the problems with previous technologies we propose a novel plug-in 2D localization hardware module for multi-robot localization, based on trilateration, which is fully distributed, inexpensive and scalable. In 2D trilateration, to locate a remote robot, the sensing robot must know the locations of three "base points" in its own coordinate system and be able to measure distances from these three points to the remote robot. Our distance measurement method exploits the fact that sound travels significantly slower than light, allowing us to employ a Difference in Time of Arrival technique. Let us assume that we have two robots that are both equipped with our localization module. Each localization module has one radio frequency (RF) transceiver and three ultrasonic acoustic transceivers, which are also the "base points". Suppose robot 2 (remote robot) simultaneously emits an RF pulse and an acoustic pulse. When robot 1 (sensing robot) receives the RF pulse (almost instantaneously), a clock on robot 1 starts. When the acoustic pulse is received by each of the three acoustic transceivers on robot 1, the elapsed times are computed and converted to distances. Robot 1 is now able to use trilateration to compute the location of robot 2. Similarly, robot 2 can localize robot 1 when robot 1 emits the RF and acoustic pulse. To test our localization hardware we have developed a robot platform which we called Maxelbot . The modular design of this platform allows for easy addition of hardware modules, as we present later in this thesis. Next, we demonstrate the performance of this technology with various empirical tests on moving and non-moving platforms, both in controlled indoor environments and outdoors. We further test our localization module by using it to monitor the performance of a novel algorithm for uniform coverage of a region. Surveillance and mine detection are some applications that would benefit from this algorithm. Prior work has claimed that this task is impossible to solve for non-convex regions (Gage 1993). Our algorithm enables robots to uniformly cover regions of all shapes, such that the robot movements are not predictable and the region periphery is not neglected. The algorithm assumes that robots are independent and is physics-based, relying on an analogy with mean free paths of particles. Validation of the algorithm is rigorously provided via simulation and Maxelbot experiments. Finally, we demonstrate how our localization technology allows us to tackle an important problem in cooperative robotics - the self-organizing of chain formations in unknown environments. This algorithm assumes that robots are dependent and is also physics-based, using a surprisingly simple and elegant modification to the standard Artificial Physics framework (Spears and Gordon 1999). Validation of this algorithm is also rigorously provided via simulation, with the addition of demonstrations on the Maxelbots . The main contributions of this research are (a) the design and development of a novel platform-independent trilateration approach to multi-robot localization, (b) the design and development of our Maxelbot robot platform to test our localization module, (c) an algorithm that allows robots to uniformly cover arbitrarily shaped regions, and (d) an algorithm that enables a team of robots to self-organize in chain formations and explore unknown environments.
Download or read book Robot Cognition and Navigation written by Srikanta Patnaik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the concept of cognition in a clear, lucid and highly comprehensive style. It provides an in-depth analysis of mathematical models and algorithms, and demonstrates their application with real life experiments.
Download or read book Advances in Robot Navigation written by Alejandra Barrera and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robot navigation includes different interrelated activities such as perception - obtaining and interpreting sensory information; exploration - the strategy that guides the robot to select the next direction to go; mapping - the construction of a spatial representation by using the sensory information perceived; localization - the strategy to estimate the robot position within the spatial map; path planning - the strategy to find a path towards a goal location being optimal or not; and path execution, where motor actions are determined and adapted to environmental changes. This book integrates results from the research work of authors all over the world, addressing the abovementioned activities and analyzing the critical implications of dealing with dynamic environments. Different solutions providing adaptive navigation are taken from nature inspiration, and diverse applications are described in the context of an important field of study: social robotics.
Download or read book Model based Visual Navigation of a Mobile Robot written by Juha Röning and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intelligent Mobile Robot Navigation written by Federico Cuesta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Mobile Robot Navigation builds upon the application of fuzzy logic to the area of intelligent control of mobile robots. Reactive, planned, and teleoperated techniques are considered, leading to the development of novel fuzzy control systems for perception and navigation of nonholonomic autonomous vehicles. The unique feature of this monograph lies in its comprehensive treatment of the problem, from the theoretical development of the various schemes down to the real-time implementation of algorithms on mobile robot prototypes. As such, the book spans different domains ranging from mobile robots to intelligent transportation systems, from automatic control to artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Robot Navigation from Nature written by Michael John Milford and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering book describes the development of a robot mapping and navigation system inspired by models of the neural mechanisms underlying spatial navigation in the rodent hippocampus. Computational models of animal navigation systems have traditionally had limited performance when implemented on robots. This is the first research to test existing models of rodent spatial mapping and navigation on robots in large, challenging, real world environments.
Download or read book Vision Based Robot Navigation written by Mateus Mendes and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with a summary of the history of Artificial Intelligence, this book makes the bridge to the modern debate on the definition of Intelligence and the path to building Intelligent Machines. Since the definition of Intelligence is itself subject to open debate, the quest for Intelligent machines is pursuing a moving target. Apparently, intelligent behaviour is, to a great extent, the result of using a sophisticated associative memory, more than the result of heavy processing. The book describes theories on how the brain works, associative memory models and how a particular model - the Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM) - can be used to navigate a robot based on visual memories. Other robot navigation methods are also comprehensively revised and compared to the method proposed. The performance of the SDM-based robot has been tested in different typical problems, such as illumination changes, occlusions and image noise, taking the SDM to the limits. The results are extensively discussed in the book.
Download or read book Development of a Robotic Mobile Mapping System by Vision aided Inertial Navigation written by Fadi Atef Bayoud and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mobile Robot Navigation with Intelligent Infrared Image Interpretation written by William L. Fehlman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-13 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile robots require the ability to make decisions such as "go through the hedges" or "go around the brick wall." Mobile Robot Navigation with Intelligent Infrared Image Interpretation describes in detail an alternative to GPS navigation: a physics-based adaptive Bayesian pattern classification model that uses a passive thermal infrared imaging system to automatically characterize non-heat generating objects in unstructured outdoor environments for mobile robots. The resulting classification model complements an autonomous robot’s situational awareness by providing the ability to classify smaller structures commonly found in the immediate operational environment.
