Download or read book Lack of Knowledge of Mother to child Transmission of HIV AIDS in Kenya Among Women Ages 15 49 written by Nisha Warrier and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Women s Knowledge on Mother To Child Transmission of HIV AIDS written by Temesgen Shibru and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of 15 years. Within the prevention programs, package of services including HIV counseling and testing, provision of prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for mothers and babies, safe delivery practices and awareness creation of MTCT and PMTC of HIV are the main points. This study is thus to model women's knowledge on mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy in terms of some predictors. The data obtained from the 2011 EDHS with 15827 women in the age group 15-49 years. Binary logistic regression and descriptive statistical measures were applied. Women who attained higher education level have (81.3%) good knowledge about MTCT of HIV than women who educated secondary and less. The percent of knowing MTCT of HIV increase as education level increase. Among 33.2% of urban women, about 76.6% of them have knowledge about MTCT of HIV. According to the result of logistic regression, age, education level, religion, region, place of residence, frequency of reading newspaper, frequency of listening radio and HIV testing plays significance role in determining women's knowledge.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Mother to child transmission of HIV in Sub Saharan Africa written by Christoph Grube and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Sociology - Gender Studies, grade: 1,15, LMU Munich (Soziologie), course: Reproductive Justice, language: English, abstract: This paper gives an overview of the mechanisms of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in Sub-Saharan countries and discusses why it still is a huge problem. It also shows what social and economic barriers occur when mothers, or to some extend people in general, try to access anti-retroviral treatments (ART). As research has shown, factors like social stigma still play a large role why so many people are not seeking help. Sub-Saharan countries still have an unproportioned part of the global HIV infection compared to the rest of the globe. The most common form of getting infected by HIV is by heterosexual contact, followed by MTCT. Even with the slowly declining numbers of infected people and people with no access to treatments, this still is a big issue that should be tackled and done more research on, especially on the mother to child transmission of HIV. MTCT contributes largely to the number of children affected by HIV by the age of ten and under. The author intents to point out why this should be worked on more and why factors like education and reducing social stigma should be advanced in order to enable a faster decline of vertical transmission numbers. Furthermore, basic mechanisms of MTCT are going to be explained and how it possibly can be prevented in every stage of the pregnancy. Additionally, the author clarifies why social, cultural, and economic factors play such a big role in fighting against HIV. The paper aims to show, how all these factors tie together and what future research could be done in order to reduce the number of people getting affected by HIV, especially infants and young people.

Download or read book Countdown to Zero written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Global Plan provides the foundation for country-led movement towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive. The Global Plan was developed through a consultative process by a high level Global Task Team convened by UNAIDS and co-chaired by UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibe and United States Global AIDS Coordinator Ambassador Eric Goosby. It brought together 25 countries and 30 civil society, private sector, networks of people living with HIV and international organizations to chart a roadmap to achieving this goal by 2015."

Download or read book Cultural Determinants of Adoption of HIV AIDS Prevention Measures and Strategies Among Girls and Women in Western Kenya written by Constance Rose Ambasa-Shisanya and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2009 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the role of culture in the adoption of measures and strategies for the prevention of HIV/ AIDS among girls and women in Western Kenya. It focuses on levels of awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention measures and patterns of adoption of five the measures that are currently being promoted in Kenya: the use of condoms; screening for HIV at Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) Centres; prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT); the use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP); and the prompt treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This research is focused on examining the cultural context of HIV/AIDS research and programmes in Western Kenya and aims to reveal how limited has been the critical analysis of culture as a determinant of adoption of these measures despite the stated prioritization of culture as a key factor to consider

Download or read book A Positive Dimension written by Lydia Karuta Murithi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite expansive scale-up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Kenya over the last decade, Kenya remains one of the countries contributing high numbers of children living with HIV globally and among the 22 PMTCT global plan priority countries. Using a mixed methods approach this study examined enabling factors "individual, social and structural" that enhance utilization of and adherence to PMTCT services in a plural urban setting in Kenya. The study was conducted from October-December of 2012 at St. Mary's Mission Hospital, Lang'ata. HIV-positive birthmothers whose infants were HIV-negative at the time of the study were purposively selected to participate. All informants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire (n = 55) and a subset (n = 15) participated in in-depth interviews. Contrary to the assertions of multiple studies that failures of PMTCT programs are a result of inadequate knowledge of mother-to-child transmission and PMTCT interventions, lack of support and acceptance by family and community, as well as poor quality of services, this study found these factors to be statistically insignificant in explaining PMTCT achievements. The study further found that HIV/AIDS related stigma and gender imbalances create many missed opportunities for HIV-positive mothers to apply acquired knowledge on mother-to-child transmission and PMTCT interventions, mobilize support from family and community, and access more affordable care. Factors found to influence women's decisions to utilize and adhere to PMTCT services include supportive counseling, striving for motherhood, maternal attachment and concern for the child's wellbeing, assurance of confidentiality and testimonials of other successful mothers. Based on the study findings, policy recommendations have been proposed along with suggestions for future research.

Download or read book Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in India written by Mayuri Vijaykumar Panditrao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can transmit their infection to their baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding --a process known as mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 3.4 million children under the age of 15 were living with HIV at the end of 2011. In 2011 alone, 330,000 children had newly acquired HIV from their mothers. `Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV' (PMTCT) refers to a series of interventions that help protect babies born to HIV-infected mothers against the virus. In order to be effective, these interventions need to be implemented as a cascade - starting with antenatal care and continuing during postpartum care. The maximum efficacy of the interventions to reduce MTCT differs by setting. In a developed country setting, the risk of MTCT has be reduced to less than two percent, whereas in a developing country setting, like India, the risk of MTCT still remains relatively higher. The elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is now considered a realistic public health goal. Considerable efforts to expand PMTCT programs and guaranteeing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant and postpartum HIV-infected women has raised the possibility of achieving the virtual elimination of MTCT of HIV. In order to achieve the maximum impact of PMTCT and realize the goal of virtually eliminating new HIV infections among children by 2015, high levels of coverage, access, utilization, and adherence to treatment regimens must be attained across India. However, 40 percent of HIV-infected women enrolled in the national PMTCT program in India are estimated to be lost to follow-up (LTF) even before they receive a single dose of Nevirapine (NVP). PRAYAS, a non-government organization (NGO) located in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, runs one of the largest private sector PMTCT programs in India. Between 2002 and 2008, PRAYAS collaborated with 43 hospitals in nine districts across Maharashtra and provided comprehensive antenatal care (ANC) counseling and HIV testing services to 122,005 pregnant women and enrolled 950 HIV-infected women in the PMTCT program. This dissertation uses de-identified data previously collected by PRAYAS for program purposes. The first goal of this dissertation was to contribute to the knowledge on the factors associated with loss to follow-up during the PMTCT cascade in India. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between being LTF and socio-demographic factors, using generalized linear models. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that women with less than a college level education, women from poor families, women who were registered after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and women whose partners were HIV-uninfected or of unknown HIV status were more likely to be LTF before delivery. Similarly, the factors associated with being LTF after delivery were less than college level education, being in a poor family and registration after 20 weeks of pregnancy. PMTCT programs are regarded as an entry point to continued care because they provide an opportunity to link an HIV-infected woman, her partner, and her child (if infected) to long-term treatment and care. However, little is known about the factors associated with utilization of continued care among women who have previously utilized PMTCT services. The second goal of this dissertation was to study the barriers associated with reduced utilization of HIV-related continued care in women who have previously accessed PMTCT services in India. After adjusting for potential confounders, results from the multivariate analysis showed that women with poor HIV-related knowledge, women who were currently married, women whose partners had never utilized HIV-related care and women who could not afford to travel to the HIV-care facility were less likely to utilize HIV-related continued treatment and care. The number of HIV-exposed uninfected (HIV-EU) infants identified in India is likely to increase due to the scale up of programs aimed at realizing the goal of elimination of MTCT by 2015. While some studies from developed and developing countries have reported stunting in HIV-EU children compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected children, others have found no such association. No studies on the effect of HIV-exposure on postnatal growth patterns in HIV-EU children in India have been published to date. The final goal of this dissertation was also to assess the effect of in utero HIV exposure on birth weight and postnatal growth in HIV-uninfected children in India. Birth weight, height and weight of 297 HIV-EU children and 1611 HIV-unexposed uninfected children, in India, were compared. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between in utero HIV exposure and birth weight and in utero HIV exposure and postnatal height and weight, after adjusting for potential confounders. HIV-EU children weighed 123.5 g less (p

Download or read book Gender Dimensions of HIV Status Disclosure to Sexual Partners written by Suzanne Maman and published by . This book was released on 2003-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review paper synthesizes the current information available on HIV status disclosure in terms of rates barriers and outcomes of HIV status disclosure among HIV-infected individuals. Particular emphasis is placed on women's experiences with disclosure to sexual partners. The report also aims to identify major barriers and describe programmatic and policy strategies that have been adopted to address these barriers and support women through the disclosure process.

Download or read book The Holy Bible written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book HIV AIDS Stigma and Children written by Harriet Deacon and published by HSRC Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication provides a literature review of HIV/AIDS, Stima and Children.

Download or read book Child Poverty in Kenya written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book South African National HIV Prevalence HIV Incidence Behaviour and Communication Survey 2005 written by Olive Shisana and published by HSRC Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A follow-up to the Nelson Mandela Foundation's 2002 national household survey of HIV/AIDS prevalence in South Africa, this 2005 report seeks to provide further understanding of the HIV pandemic. Using data that tested for HIV incidence rather than just using mortality statistics, this study looks at which socio-demographic groups are most vulnerab≤ whether new policies have been successful in fighting the disease; what exactly is being done by key players, such as the government, churches, and other civil society organizations; and how the spread of HIV can be reduced in South Africa.

Download or read book The State of the World s Children 2009 written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.

Download or read book Preventing and Responding to Gender based Violence in Middle and Low income Countries written by Sarah Bott and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.

Download or read book Community Public Health Nursing Practice written by Frances A. Maurer and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on practical, need-to-know information, Community/Public Health Nursing Practice helps you learn how to apply the nursing process at the community and family level. It features an engaging, easy-to-understand writing style, as well as assessment tools, detailed case studies, and clinical examples that demonstrate how key concepts apply to real-world practice. Additional resources on the companion Evolve website expand and enhance content within the text. Practical features including Case Studies, Ethics in Practice, and The Nursing Process in Practice illustrate real-world applications of key community/public health nursing concepts. A complete unit on the community as client helps you understand how the assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation steps of the nursing process apply to the community, as opposed to an individual. A chapter devoted to community assessment provides a complete assessment tool and shows you how the tool applies to two different types of communities. UNIQUE! A chapter on screening and referral promotes population-focused practice, which is the crux of community/public health nursing. A separate unit on the family emphasizes the importance of viewing the family as a singular client. A complete discussion of the Minnesota Wheel helps you better understand this widely-accepted framework for community/public health nursing practice. Helpful sections such as Focus Questions, Chapter Outlines, Key Ideas, and Learning by Experience and Reflection help you pinpoint essential information. NEW! Healthy People 2020 objectives throughout the text help you identify common health risk factors in populations and families. NEW! Coverage of health care reform, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA), explores how current health care legislation impacts community/public health nursing. NEW! Discussions of community health "hot button" issues, such as human trafficking, genital circumcision, and bullying, introduce you to today's health care challenges. NEW! Information on weather-related disaster fatalities, bioterrorism, and national and state planning responses familiarize you with current, relevant issues which affect the health of populations worldwide and shape the role of the community/public health nurse.