Download or read book Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Los Angeles Garment Industry written by Darrel Eugene Hess and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immigrant Entrepreneurs written by Ivan Light and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions.
Download or read book From Sweatshop to Fashion Shop written by Jihye Kim and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their arrival in the 1960s, Korean immigrants in Argentina have been massively involved in the garment industry. Nevertheless, despite their decades-long concentration in the same sector, over time they have reshaped their motivations and business styles throughout the twists and turns of the host country’s junctures. Applying rigorous immigrant entrepreneurship theories, yet wary of orthodoxies, Kim examines the intriguing paths which Korean entrepreneurs have taken to develop their businesses in the Argentine garment industry amidst complex, frantically volatile social and economic circumstances, and argues for the application of a new approach that combines existing theories with historically contextual perspectives. This unique case study on Korean immigrant entrepreneurship in Latin America represents a significant milestone in the fields of migration and Korean studies and a substantial contribution to bridging the gap between the North, where such inquiries abound, and the South, where the history, settlement, and current status of Korean immigrants have been notoriously under-examined.
Download or read book Immigrant Entrepreneurs written by Ivan Light and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions.
Download or read book The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring written by Paul M. Ong and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Capital Capabilities and Performance of Korean Immigrant Owned Fashion Businesses in the Los Angeles Area written by Min Jeong Seo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions of Korean immigrant-owned fashion companies (KIOFCs) are increasing in the U.S. fashion industry. This study explored more deeply how KIOFCs can obtain competitiveness in the fiercely competitive fashion market. Specifically, this study 1) described the prominent characteristics of KIOFCs in the Los Angeles area, 2) investigated the multidimensional constructs of social capital, company capabilities, and company performance, and 3) examined the relationships among social capital, company capabilities, and company performance. Data collection targeted fashion companies owned by 1st, 1.5, and 2nd generation Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles area. For the convenience of the Korean participants, two versions (Korea and English) of the questionnaire were developed. Through in-person and online surveys, a total of 229 questionnaires [in-person (n = 160) and online (n = 69)] were collected. After screening inappropriate data including irrelevant or missing information (e.g., non-Korean owners, the generation of immigrants, low knowledge levels), data from 171 usable surveys were used for the analysis of this study. Partial Lease Squares (PLS)-SEM analysis was employed to test the relationships among social capital, capabilities, and company performance. The results showed that cognitive social capital was positively related to relational social capital and company performance. Internal and external capabilities fully mediated the relationship between relational social capitals and company performance. On the other hand, the results did not support that the network ties (a. inmaek, b. business activities, and c. social interaction) were related to relational social capital and company performance respectively. In conclusion, the findings suggest that fashion companies need to engage in the following activities with business partners in order to achieve a higher degree of buyer, market, and financial performance; 1) enhance cognitive social capital such as business vision and culture with business partners and 2) make efforts for relational social capital, such as trust and commitment with business partners which help to improve company capabilities. Additionally, future research is needed to identify significant network ties which contribute to business performance as considering the various stages of business growth.
Download or read book Behind the Label written by Edna Bonacich and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-06-28 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, Edna Bonacich and Richard Appelbaum investigate the return of sweatshops to the apparel industry, especially in Los Angeles. The "new" sweatshops, they say, need to be understood in terms of the decline in the American welfare state and its strong unions and the rise in global and flexible production.
Download or read book The Korean American Dream written by James Flanigan and published by University of Nevada Press. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chairman Yang Ho Cho, head of Korean Air and Hanjin, talks of Los Angeles as a “microcosm of the United States—a land built of immigrants who want to do one thing: improve their lives.” In The Korean-American Dream, respected and distinguished business journalist James Flanigan uncovers the struggles and contributions of the people who have made Los Angeles the largest Korean city outside of Seoul. This intimate account illustrates how Korean immigrants have preserved their culture and history as well as adapted to the American culture of E Pluribus Unum, the radical promise of “out of many, one.” Flanigan shows how Los Angeles emerged as a capital of the Asia Pacific region. At less than 2 million, Korean Americans are a relatively small group compared to new Americans from China, the Philippines, and India. But with energy and drive, they are building landmarks in New York as well as L.A., lobbying for causes in Washington, founding businesses, heading universities and hospitals, and holding public office in all parts of the U.S. Flanigan’s compelling narrative told largely through personal interviews provides a front-row seat to the economic, business, and cultural developments of the Korean American Community. At a time of spirited debate about immigration, their energy and ambition serve as a ringing reminder of the promise of the American mosaic.
Download or read book Immigrant Enterprise in Europe and the USA written by Prodromos Ioannou Panayiotopoulos (aka Mike Pany) and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant-owned enterprises are a highly visible phenomenon, but frequently and increasingly so after 9/11, immigration has been cast in pessimistic and apocalyptic terms which became associated with rising xenophobia and restrictive legislation, such as the Patriot Act in the United States. This book examines the issue of immigration and the contribution immigrant enterprise plays in the economic development of gateway cities such as London, New York, Los Angeles, Paris, Amsterdam and Miami, cities which appear as the living embodiment of globalization. Questioning the extent to which cities are transformed by immigrants themselves, ‘from below’, this revealing book points to relationships with wider processes, such as the legal and political framework and the restructuring by capital of particular industries and localities. What happens to immigrants is shaped by membership of particular groups, historical circumstances, and the reproduction of social stratification rooted in class, gender, race, age. The book points to the development of social and economic differentiation, and challenges popular stereotypes of immigrants in business. Its findings point to a highly differentiated enterprise structure. This informative volume contains rich case study material. Ideal for students and professionals, it demonstrates that the recognition of diversity is a necessary first step to understanding winners and losers in immigrant enterprise.
Download or read book Blue Dreams written by Nancy ABELMANN and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No one will soon forget the image, blazed across the airwaves, of armed Korean Americans taking to the rooftops as their businesses went up in flames during the Los Angeles riots. Why Korean Americans? What stoked the wrath the riots unleashed against them? Blue Dreams is the first book to make sense of these questions, to show how Korean Americans, variously depicted as immigrant seekers after the American dream or as racist merchants exploiting African Americans, emerged at the crossroads of conflicting social reflections in the aftermath of the 1992 riots. The situation of Los Angeles's Korean Americans touches on some of the most vexing issues facing American society today: ethnic conflict, urban poverty, immigration, multiculturalism, and ideological polarization. Combining interviews and deft socio-historical analysis, Blue Dreams gives these problems a human face and at the same time clarifies the historical, political, and economic factors that render them so complex. In the lives and voices of Korean Americans, the authors locate a profound challenge to cherished assumptions about the United States and its minorities. Why did Koreans come to the United States? Why did they set up shop in poor inner-city neighborhoods? Are they in conflict with African Americans? These are among the many difficult questions the authors answer as they probe the transnational roots and diversity of Los Angeles's Korean Americans. Their work finally shows us in sharp relief and moving detail a community that, despite the blinding media focus brought to bear during the riots, has nonetheless remained largely silent and effectively invisible. An important corrective to the formulaic accounts that have pitted Korean Americans against African Americans, Blue Dreams places the Korean American story squarely at the center of national debates over race, class, culture, and community. Table of Contents: Preface The Los Angeles Riots, the Korean American Story Reckoning via the Riots Diaspora Formation: Modernity and Mobility Mapping the Korean Diaspora in Los Angeles Korean American Entrepreneurship American Ideologies on Trial Conclusion Notes References Index Reviews of this book: Blue Dreams--a poetic allusion to the clear blue sky that Koreans see as a symbol of freedom--is a welcome exploration by outsiders into the vexing and largely invisible Korean-American predicament in Los Angeles and the nation. [Abelmann and Lie 's] colorful interview subjects offer sharp observations. --K.W. Lee, Los Angeles Times Reviews of this book: An informed and thoughtful examination of Korean immigration to the United States since 1970...[Abelmann and Lie] show that even in a period as short as twenty-five years, there have been successive waves of differently motivated, differently resourced Korean immigrants, and their experiences and reactions have differed accordingly. --Michael Tonry, Times Literary Supplement Reviews of this book: [The authors'] transnational perspective is particularly effective for explicating Korean immigrants' behaviors, activities, and feelings...Interesting and readable. --Pyong Gap Min, American Journal of Sociology Reviews of this book: Beginning with a poetic book title, the authors recount in depth as to how the 'Blue Dreams' of the Korean-American merchants in East Los Angeles had shattered in the midst of [the] 1992 riot that turned out to be 'elusive dreams' in America...The book not only portrays the L.A. riot surrounding the Korean merchants, but also characterizes diaspora of the Koreans in America. The authors have also examined with scholarly insights the more complex socioeconomic and political underplay the Koreans encountered in their 'Promised New Land'. --Eugene C. Kim, International Migration Review
Download or read book Immigration and Entrepreneurship written by Parminder Bhachu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many nations invite foreigners to work within their borders, but few welcome them. Those countries that do receive a torrent of immigrants create pressures that analysts expect to intensify as population growth and social unrest mount in the less developed countries of the world. Immigration and Entrepreneurship, now in paperback, offers a comparative analysis of worldwide immigration issues while focusing more specifically on the emerging influence of entrepreneurship as a potent factor in the economic and social integration of immigrants.In linking the common immigrant and settler experiences with the upsurge in self-employment, the contributors to this volume use California as their base of comparison. The state has both a huge and varied immigrant population and an entrepreneurial economy that has facilitated the formation of immigrant-owned firms. The Los Angeles riots of the nineties indicated the volatility of the mix. Aided by ethnic and familial networks, such firms have served as a route of economic advancement.Immigration and Entrepreneurship offers a comparative perspective unique in the literature of immigration by broaching the topic from both global and local perspectives. Whereas most studies examine the experience of a single group or groups in a particular destination economy, this volume emphasizes variations in the way different nations receive immigrants as causes of differences in immigrant behavior. Among the innovative themes discussed by a range of international scholars are the entrepreneurial efforts and tensions in the garment industry in Los Angeles, Paris, and Berlin; Koreans' enterprise and identities in Los Angeles and Japan; and U.S. immigration policies. The result is a genuinely global methodology.
Download or read book Black African Neo diaspora written by Ian E. A. Yeboah and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2008 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent large numbers of African immigrants to the United States facilitated by the emergence of globalized labor markets, African immigration to the United States remains an understudied phenomenon. This book provides an intensive study of the experiences of an African immigrant group (Ghanaians) in a smaller Midwestern urban location (the greater Cincinnati area). Black African Neo-Diaspora focuses on why Ghanaians have immigrated to the United States and their travel trajectories to Cincinnati. The author examines the internal social institutions that have emerged within the community to help with integration of members of this group into broader American society, as well as the ways in which Ghanaian immigrants enter the business arena and how their economic activities are changing urban America. Gender dynamics within immigrant families and the identity and socialization of second-generation immigrants are also explored.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship written by Leo Paul Dana and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Dana and his colleagues have carefully and successfully put together a collection of chapters on ethnic minority entrepreneurship from all parts of the world. The book comprises eight parts and 49 chapters. Undoubtedly, given the massive size and content of a 835-page book, it is fair to ask, is it value for money? The answer is unequivocally yes! A further comment on the content of the book should probably reassure potential readers and buyers of the book. . . This collection is undoubtedly rich, creative and varied in many respects. Therefore, it will be of great benefit to researchers and scholars alike. . . I will strongly recommend this book to researchers, students, teachers and policy-makers. Aminu Mamman, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research The volume presents an impressive panorama of studies on ethnic entrepreneurships ranging from Dalits in India to Roma entrepreneurs in Hungary. B.P. Corrie, Choice From a focus on middle-man minorities in the 1950s, the study of minority ethnic entrepreneurship has evolved into a vast undertaking. A major ingredient in this expansion is the massive population movements of the past thirty years that have created ethnic minority communities in almost all advanced economies. From New York to San Francisco, from Birmingham to Hamburg, from the Chinese in Canada, to the Turks in Finland, to the Ghanians in South Africa to the Lebanese in New Zealand, more than twenty chapters in this volume treat small-scale ethnic entrepreneurship and the cultural and institutional resources which support it. At the other end of the spectrum, the ethnic Chinese have created ever larger multi-divisional enterprises in the host societies of Southeast Asia. At the mid-point of the spectrum, analyzed in an elegant paper by Ivan Light, is the recently identified transmigrant entrepreneur accultured in two societies but assimilated in neither whose special endowments have provided the lynchpin for for much of the international trade expansion in the global economy over the past decade. And Dana and Morris provide us with much more Afro-American entrepreneurship, caste and class, the theory of clubs, women ethnic entrepreneurs, minority ethnicity and IPOs. In the quality of its contributions and in the reach of its coverage, this Handbook attains a very high standard. Peter Kilby, Wesleyan University, US The new Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship, edited by Léo-Paul Dana, constitutes a major contribution to the literature on ethnic enterprise. Unlike previous work, which tended to focus on one country or one region of the world, this book is global in scope. You will find chapters on America, Europe, and Asia, as well as integrative essays that review important principles and concepts from the literature on ethnic entrepreneurship. I particularly appreciate the historical and evolutionary framework within which the contributions are situated. This book belongs on the shelf of everyone who has an interest in immigration and entrepreneurship or ethnic entrepreneurship more generally. Howard Aldrich, University of North Carolina, US This exhaustive, interdisciplinary Handbook explores the phenomena of immigration and ethnic minority entrepreneurship in light of marked changes since the mid-twentieth century and the advent of easier, more affordable travel and more open and integrated national economies. The international contributors, key experts in their respective fields, illustrate that myriad ethnic minorities exist across the globe, and that their entrepreneurship can and does significantly influence national economies. The contributors go on to promote our understanding of which factors make for successful entrepreneurship, and, perhaps more importantly, how negative political consequences that members of successful entrepreneurial ethnic minorities might face can be minimized. This extensive collection of current research on entrepr
Download or read book Monitoring Sweatshops written by Jill Esbenshade and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first full-scale overview of sweatshop monitoring.
Download or read book Deflecting Immigration written by Ivan Light and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As international travel became cheaper and national economies grew more connected over the past thirty years, millions of people from the Third World emigrated to richer countries. A tenth of the population of Mexico relocated to the United States between 1980 and 2000. Globalization theorists claimed that reception cities could do nothing about this trend, since nations make immigration policy, not cities. In Deflecting Immigration, sociologist Ivan Light shows how Los Angeles reduced the sustained, high-volume influx of poor Latinos who settled there by deflecting a portion of the migration to other cities in the United States. In this manner, Los Angeles tamed globalization's local impact, and helped to nationalize what had been a regional immigration issue. Los Angeles deflected immigration elsewhere in two ways. First, the protracted network-driven settlement of Mexicans naturally drove up rents in Mexican neighborhoods while reducing immigrants' wages, rendering Los Angeles a less attractive place to settle. Second, as migration outstripped the city's capacity to absorb newcomers, Los Angeles gradually became poverty-intolerant. By enforcing existing industrial, occupational, and housing ordinances, Los Angeles shut down some unwanted sweatshops and reduced slums. Their loss reduced the metropolitan region's accessibility to poor immigrants without reducing its attractiveness to wealthier immigrants. Additionally, ordinances mandating that homes be built on minimum-sized plots of land with attached garages made home ownership in L.A.'s suburbs unaffordable for poor immigrants and prevented low-cost rental housing from being built. Local rules concerning home occupancy and yard maintenance also prevented poor immigrants from crowding together to share housing costs. Unable to find affordable housing or low-wage jobs, approximately one million Latinos were deflected from Los Angeles between 1980 and 2000. The realities of a new global economy are still unfolding, with uncertain consequences for the future of advanced societies, but mass migration from the Third World is unlikely to stop in the next generation. Deflecting Immigration offers a shrewd analysis of how America's largest immigrant destination independently managed the challenges posed by millions of poor immigrants and, in the process, helped focus attention on immigration as an issue of national importance.
Download or read book Ethnicity and Opportunity written by Jihye Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aims to investigate the close relationship between the Korean immigrant community in Argentina and the garment industry. Within the theoretical frameworks of immigration and ethnic entrepreneurship, this thesis examines why and how Korean Argentines have been continuously concentrated in the clothing industry from the beginning of Korean immigration in the 1960s to the present. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Argentina between February and June 2014 and on archival and documentary research, this study illustrates that multiple factors at diverse socio-structural layers have significantly influenced Koreans' business entry and growth in the apparel industry, which, in turn, have affected their integration into the host society. In the development of Korean garment businesses, ethnic networks and resources were used as a strategic tool by Korean entrepreneurs to achieve economic viability, financial support, and eventual upward mobility within the Argentine garment industry. Yet, this thesis stresses that at first, opportunities were evinced in easy entry, comparative advantage, and niche potential. Later, in the 1980s, macro-economic cycles, despite instability, provided reasons to stay and progress further. Since the turn of the 21st century, accumulated know-how, expertise, and economic power have created relative path dependency, motivating the community members to continue exploiting these advantages whenever possible. This work reveals how the Korean immigrant community in Argentina has settled and achieved upward mobility in the face of complex and fluctuating social and economic circumstances, combining opportunities with strategies and resources to create comparative advantages and benefits. As a unique case study on Korean entrepreneurs in Latin America, a region where the settlement, history, and current conditions of immigrants have been quite distinct from those of immigrants in more developed countries, as well as relatively understudied, this research contributes to a meaningful empirical assessment and represents a significant milestone in the fields of both migration and Korean studies.
Download or read book Problem of the Century written by Elijah Anderson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1899 the great African American scholar, W.E.B. DuBois, published The Philadelphia Negro, the first systematic case study of an African American community and one of the foundations of American sociology. DuBois prophesied that the color line would be the problem of the twentieth century. One hundred years later, Problem of the Century reflects upon his prophecy, exploring the ways in which the color line is still visible in the labor market, the housing market, education, family structure, and many other aspects of life at the turn of a new century. The book opens with a theoretical discussion of the way racial identity is constructed and institutionalized. When the government classifies races and confers group rights upon them, is it subtly reenforcing damaging racial divisions, or redressing the group privileges that whites monopolized for so long? The book also delineates the social dynamics that underpin racial inequality. The contributors explore the causes and consequences of high rates of mortality and low rates of marriage in black communities, as well as the way race affects a person's chances of economic success. African Americans may soon lose their historical position as America's majority minority, and the book also examines how race plays out in the sometimes fractious relations between blacks and immigrants. The final part of the book shows how the color line manifests itself at work and in schools. Contributors find racial issues at play on both ends of the occupational ladder—among absentee fathers paying child support from their meager earnings and among black executives prospering in the corporate world. In the schools, the book explores how race defines a student's peer group and how peer pressure affects a student's grades. Problem of the Century draws upon the distinguished faculty of sociologists at the University of Pennsylvania, where DuBois conducted his research for The Philadelphia Negro. The contributors combine a scrupulous commitment to empirical inquiry with an eclectic openness to different methods and approaches. Problem of the Century blends ethnographies and surveys, statistics and content analyses, census data and historical records, to provide a far-reaching examination of racial inequality in all its contemporary manifestations.
