Download or read book Kinetics of the Migration and Clustering of Extrinsic Gas in Bcc Metals written by C. S. Deo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the mechanisms by which gas atoms such as helium and hydrogen diffuse and interact with other defects in bcc metals and investigate the effect of these mechanisms on the nucleation of embryonic gas bubbles. Large quantities of helium and hydrogen are produced due to spallation and transmutation in structural materials in fusion and accelerator-driven reactors. The long time evolution of the extrinsic gas atoms and their accumulation at vacancies is studied using a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm that is parameterized by the migration energies of the point defect entities. First-order reaction kinetics are observed when gas clusters with vacancies. If gas-gas clustering is allowed, mixed-order diffusion limited kinetics are observed. When dissociation of gas from clusters is allowed, gas-vacancy clusters survive to steady state while gas-gas clusters dissolve. We obtain cluster size distributions and reaction rate constants that can be used to quantify microstructural evolution of the irradiated metal.

Download or read book Nuclear Reactors written by Amir Mesquita and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive review of studies in nuclear reactors technology from authors across the globe. Topics discussed in this compilation include: thermal hydraulic investigation of TRIGA type research reactor, materials testing reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor; the use of radiogenic lead recovered from ores as a coolant for fast reactors; decay heat in reactors and spent-fuel pools; present status of two-phase flow studies in reactor components; thermal aspects of conventional and alternative fuels in supercritical water?cooled reactor; two-phase flow coolant behavior in boiling water reactors under earthquake condition; simulation of nuclear reactors core; fuel life control in light-water reactors; methods for monitoring and controlling power in nuclear reactors; structural materials modeling for the next generation of nuclear reactors; application of the results of finite group theory in reactor physics; and the usability of vermiculite as a shield for nuclear reactor.

Download or read book Kinetics of Materials written by Robert W. Balluffi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-16 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classroom-tested textbook providing a fundamental understandingof basic kinetic processes in materials This textbook, reflecting the hands-on teaching experience of itsthree authors, evolved from Massachusetts Institute of Technology'sfirst-year graduate curriculum in the Department of MaterialsScience and Engineering. It discusses key topics collectivelyrepresenting the basic kinetic processes that cause changes in thesize, shape, composition, and atomistic structure of materials.Readers gain a deeper understanding of these kinetic processes andof the properties and applications of materials. Topics are introduced in a logical order, enabling students todevelop a solid foundation before advancing to more sophisticatedtopics. Kinetics of Materials begins with diffusion, offering adescription of the elementary manner in which atoms and moleculesmove around in solids and liquids. Next, the more complex motion ofdislocations and interfaces is addressed. Finally, still morecomplex kinetic phenomena, such as morphological evolution andphase transformations, are treated. Throughout the textbook, readers are instilled with an appreciationof the subject's analytic foundations and, in many cases, theapproximations commonly used in the field. The authors offer manyextensive derivations of important results to help illuminate theirorigins. While the principal focus is on kinetic phenomena incrystalline materials, select phenomena in noncrystalline materialsare also discussed. In many cases, the principles involved apply toall materials. Exercises with accompanying solutions are provided throughoutKinetics of Materials, enabling readers to put their newfoundknowledge into practice. In addition, bibliographies are offeredwith each chapter, helping readers to investigate specializedtopics in greater detail. Several appendices presenting importantbackground material are also included. With its unique range of topics, progressive structure, andextensive exercises, this classroom-tested textbook provides anenriching learning experience for first-year graduate students.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science written by GARY S. WAS and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised second edition of this established text offers readers a significantly expanded introduction to the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. It describes the various processes that occur when energetic particles strike a solid, inducing changes to the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Specifically it covers particle interaction with the metals and alloys used in nuclear reactor cores and hence subject to intense radiation fields. It describes the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys. Updated throughout, some major enhancements for the new edition include improved treatment of low- and intermediate-energy elastic collisions and stopping power, expanded sections on molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo methodologies describing collision cascade evolution, new treatment of the multi-frequency model of diffusion, numerous examples of RIS in austenitic and ferritic-martensitic alloys, expanded treatment of in-cascade defect clustering, cluster evolution, and cluster mobility, new discussion of void behavior near grain boundaries, a new section on ion beam assisted deposition, and reorganization of hardening, creep and fracture of irradiated materials (Chaps 12-14) to provide a smoother and more integrated transition between the topics. The book also contains two new chapters. Chapter 15 focuses on the fundamentals of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, covering forms of corrosion, corrosion thermodynamics, corrosion kinetics, polarization theory, passivity, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Chapter 16 extends this treatment and considers the effects of irradiation on corrosion and environmentally assisted corrosion, including the effects of irradiation on water chemistry and the mechanisms of irradiation-induced stress corrosion cracking. The book maintains the previous style, concepts are developed systematically and quantitatively, supported by worked examples, references for further reading and end-of-chapter problem sets. Aimed primarily at students of materials sciences and nuclear engineering, the book will also provide a valuable resource for academic and industrial research professionals. Reviews of the first edition: "...nomenclature, problems and separate bibliography at the end of each chapter allow to the reader to reach a straightforward understanding of the subject, part by part. ... this book is very pleasant to read, well documented and can be seen as a very good introduction to the effects of irradiation on matter, or as a good references compilation for experimented readers." - Pauly Nicolas, Physicalia Magazine, Vol. 30 (1), 2008 “The text provides enough fundamental material to explain the science and theory behind radiation effects in solids, but is also written at a high enough level to be useful for professional scientists. Its organization suits a graduate level materials or nuclear science course... the text was written by a noted expert and active researcher in the field of radiation effects in metals, the selection and organization of the material is excellent... may well become a necessary reference for graduate students and researchers in radiation materials science.” - L.M. Dougherty, 07/11/2008, JOM, the Member Journal of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society.

Download or read book The Superalloys written by Roger C. Reed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.

Download or read book Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems written by Véronique Ghetta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming, shortage of low-cost oil resources and the increasing demand for energy are currently controlling the world's economic expansion while often opposing desires for sustainable and peaceful development. In this context, atomic energy satisfactorily fulfills the criteria of low carbon gas production and high overall yield. However, in the absence of industrial fast-breeders the use of nuclear fuel is not optimal, and the production of high activity waste materials is at a maximum. These are the principal reasons for the development of a new, fourth generation of nuclear reactors, minimizing the undesirable side-effects of current nuclear energy production technology while increasing yields by increasing operation temperatures and opening the way for the industrial production of hydrogen through the decomposition of water. The construction and use of such reactors is hindered by several factors, including performance limitations of known structural materials, particularly if the life of the projected systems had to extend over the periods necessary to achieve low costs (at least 60 years). This book collects lectures and seminars presented at the homonymous NATO ASI held in autumn 2007 at the Institut d’Etudes Scientifiques in Cargèse, France. The adopted approach aims at improving and coordinating basic knowledge in materials science and engineering with specific areas of condensed matter physics, the physics of particle/matter interaction and of radiation damage. It is our belief that this methodology is crucially conditioning the development and the industrial production of new structural materials capable of coping with the requirements of these future reactors.

Download or read book Advances in Friction Stir Welding and Processing written by M.-K. Besharati-Givi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Friction-stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process primarily used on aluminum, and is also widely used for joining dissimilar metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and ferrous alloys. Recently, a friction-stir processing (FSP) technique based on FSW has been used for microstructural modifications, the homogenized and refined microstructure along with the reduced porosity resulting in improved mechanical properties. Advances in friction-stir welding and processing deals with the processes involved in different metals and polymers, including their microstructural and mechanical properties, wear and corrosion behavior, heat flow, and simulation. The book is structured into ten chapters, covering applications of the technology; tool and welding design; material and heat flow; microstructural evolution; mechanical properties; corrosion behavior and wear properties. Later chapters cover mechanical alloying and FSP as a welding and casting repair technique; optimization and simulation of artificial neural networks; and FSW and FSP of polymers. Provides studies of the microstructural, mechanical, corrosion and wear properties of friction-stir welded and processed materials Considers heat generation, heat flow and material flow Covers simulation of FSW/FSP and use of artificial neural network in FSW/FSP

Download or read book Diffusion in Condensed Matter written by Paul Heitjans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. It is understood and presented as a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. In this book, all aspects of the theoretical fundamentals, experimental techniques, highlights of current developments and results for solids, liquids and interfaces are presented.

Download or read book Grain Boundary Segregation in Metals written by Pavel Lejcek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain boundaries are important structural components of polycrystalline materials used in the vast majority of technical applications. Because grain boundaries form a continuous network throughout such materials, their properties may limit their practical use. One of the serious phenomena which evoke these limitations is the grain boundary segregation of impurities. It results in the loss of grain boundary cohesion and consequently, in brittle fracture of the materials. The current book deals with fundamentals of grain boundary segregation in metallic materials and its relationship to the grain boundary structure, classification and other materials properties.

Download or read book Nondestructive Characterization of Materials II written by Jean F. Bussière and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of nondestructively characterizing the microstruc ture, morphology or mechanical properties of materials is certainly a fascinating subject. In principle, such techniques can be used at all stages of a material's life - from the early stages of processing, to the end of a structural component's useful life. Interest in the subject thus arises not only from a purely scientific point of view but is also strongly motivated by economic pressures to improve productivity and quality in manufacturing, to insure the reliability and extend the life of existing structures. The present volume represents the edited papers presented at the Second International Symposium on the Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, held in Montreal, Canada, July 21-23, 1986. The Proceedings are divided into eight sections, which reflect the multidisciplinary nature of characterizing materials nondestructively: Polymers and Composites, Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, Metals, Layered Structures/Adhesive Bonds/Welding, Degradation/Aging, Texture/ Anisotropy, Stress, and New Techniques. Invited papers by R. Hadcock of Grumman Aircraft Systems, R. Cannon of Rutgers University, H. Yada of Nippon Steel and R. Bridenbaugh of Alcoa review respectively the processing of polymer matrix composites, ceramics, steel and aluminum, emphasizing the need for material property sensors to improve process and quality control. Two other invited papers, one by A. Wedgwood of Harwell and the other by P. Holler of the IzFP in Saarbrucken review state of the art techniques to characterize particulate matter and metals respectively.

Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Dislocation Interactions written by G. Kostorz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Aspects of Dislocation Interactions: Low-Energy Dislocation Structures III covers the papers presented at a European Research Conference on Plasticity of Materials-Fundamental Aspects of Dislocation Interactions: Low-Energy Dislocation Structures III, held on August 30-September 4, 1992 in Ascona, Switzerland. The book focuses on the processes, technologies, reactions, transformations, and approaches involved in dislocation interactions. The selection first offers information on work softening and Hall-Petch hardening in extruded mechanically alloyed alloys and dynamic origin of dislocation structures in deformed solids. Discussions focus on stress-strain behavior in relation to composition, structure, and annealing; comparison of stress-strain curves with work softening theory; sweeping and trapping mechanism; and model of dipolar wall structure formation. The text then ponders on plastic instabilities and their relation to fracture and dislocation and kink dynamics in f.c.c. metals studied by mechanical spectroscopy. The book takes a look at misfit dislocation generation mechanisms in heterostructures and evolution of dislocation structure on the interfaces associated with diffusionless phase transitions. Discussions focus on dislocation representation of a wall of elastic domains; equation of equilibrium of an elastic domain; transformation of dislocations; and theoretical and experimental background. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in dislocation interactions.

Download or read book Transport in Nonstoichiometric Compounds written by George Simkovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the 9th International Conference on Reactivity Solids in Krakow, Poland a group of about 25 international scientists held a special conference entitled "Transport in Nonstoichiometric Compounds" in late Aug. 1980 in Mogilany, Poland (near Krakow). This conference was well received in view of the interaction between the participants, as well as the resulting publication of the proceedings (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1982, edited by J. Nowotny). At this first conference the participants decided that it would be desirable to organize similar conferences at about two year intervals. Thus, a second meeting was held in late June, early July at Alenya, Pyrenees Orientales, France. This conference had a larger number of participants, about 50, but still managed to promote excellent interaction between all the participants. These proceedings, with editors G. Petot-Ervas, Hj. Matzke and C. Monty, have also been published by Elsevier as a special edition of the journal, Solid State lonics, Vol. 12 (1984). In view of the success of the initial two conferences, a third meeting was organized and held at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA., 16802, U.S.A. from 11 June 84 to 15 June 84. The proceedings of this conference are presented in the following text.

Download or read book Corrosion Science and Technology written by David E.J. Talbot and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years after its first publication, Corrosion Science and Technology continues to be a relevant practical guide for students and professionals interested in material science. This Third Edition thoroughly covers the basic principles of corrosion science in the same reader-friendly manner that made the previous edition invaluable, and enlarges the scope of the content with expanded chapters on processes for various metals and new technologies for limiting costs and metal degradation in a variety of commercial enterprises not explored in previous editions. This book also presents expertly developed methods of corrosion testing and prediction.

Download or read book Diffusion in Materials written by A.L. Laskar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, "Diffusion in Materials", held at "Centre Paul Langevin", Aussois, during March 12-25, 1989. There were 105 participants of whom 24 were lecturers and members of the international advisory committee. In addition to the participants from NATO countries, a small number of participants came from Australia, Hungary, Poland and Tunisia. The principal aim of the organizing committee was to bring together scientists of wide interest and expertise in the field of diffusion and to familiarize the young workers in material science with the wide range of theoretical models and methods and of experimental techniques . The Institute was concerned with the study of diffusion and related phenomena in solids which are at the cutting edge of novel technologies. The discussion of basic theories of defects in solids and their transport, with their applications in the understanding of diffusion processes in "simple solids" was followed by the wide range of current theoretical models and methods, experimental techniques and their potential. The lectures on the diffusion in specific materials included : metals, dilute and concentrated alloys, simple and compound semiconductors, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric oxides, high-Tc compounds, carbides, nitrides, silicates, conducting polymers and thin films, ionic, superionic, amorphous and irradiated materials.

Download or read book Point Defects in Solids written by James H. Crawford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal defects can no longer be thought of as a scientific curiosity, but must be considered an important aspect of solid-state science. This is largely because many of the more interesting properties of crystalline solids are disproportionately dominated by effects due to a tiny concentration of imperfections in an otherwise perfect lattice. The physics of such lattice defects is not only of significance in a great variety of applications, but is also interesting in its own right. Thus, an extensive science of point defects and dislocations has been constructed during the past two and a half decades. Stimulated by the technological and scientific interest in plasticity, there have appeared in recent years rather a large number of books dealing with dislocations; in the case of point defects, however, only very few broad and extensive treatments have been published. Thus, there are few compre hensive, tutorial sources for the scientist or engineer whose research ac tivities are affected by point defect phenomena, or who might wish to enter the field. It is partially to fill this need that the present treatise aims.

Download or read book Self diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Pure Metals written by Gerhard Neumann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion in metals is an important phenomenon, which has many applications, for example in all kinds of steel and aluminum production, and in alloy formation (technical applications e.g. in superconductivity and semiconductor science). In this book the data on diffusion in metals are shown, both in graphs and in equations. Reliable data on diffusion in metals are required by researchers who try to make sense of results from all kinds of metallurgical experiments, and they are equally needed by theorists and computer modelers. The previous compilation dates from 1990, and measurements relying on the electron microprobe and the recent Rutherford backscattering technique were hardly taken into account there. This reference book, containing all results on self-diffusion and impurity diffusion in pure metals with an indication of their reliability, will be useful to everyone in this field for the theory, fundamental research and industrial applications covered. • Up-to-date and complete (including EPMA and RBS investigations) • Indication of reliability of the measurements • Reassessment of many early results • Data can easily be extracted from Tables and Graphs

Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.