Download or read book Investigating the Process of White Etching Crack Initiation in Bearing Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White etching cracks (WECs) have been identified as a dominant mode of premature failure within wind turbine gearbox bearings. Though WECs have been reported in the field for over a decade, the conditions leading to WECs, and the process by which this failure culminates, are both highly debated. In previously published work, the generation of WECs on a benchtop scale was linked to sliding at the surface of the test sample, it was also postulated that the generation of WECs was dependent on the cumulative energy that had been applied to the sample over the entirety of the test. In this paper, a three ring on roller bench top test rig is used to systematically alter the cumulative energy that a sample experiences through changes in normal load, sliding, and run time, in an attempt to correlate cumulative energy with the formation of WECs. It was determined that, in the current test setup, the presence of WECs can be predicted by this energy criterion. The authors then used this information to study the process by which WECs initiate. Lastly, it was found that, under the current testing conditions, the formation of a dark etching microstructure precedes the formation of a crack, and a crack precedes the formation of white etching microstructure.
Download or read book Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components written by Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bearing Steel Technology written by John M. Beswick and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Fatigue Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions written by Yukitaka Murakami and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal fatigue is an essential consideration for engineers and researchers who are looking at factors that cause metals to fail through stress, corrosion, etc. This is an English translation of a book originally published in Japan in 1993, with an additional two chapters on the fatigue failure of steels and the effect of surface roughness on fatigue strength. The methodology is based on important and reliable results and may be usefully applied to other fatigue problems not directly treated in this book.
Download or read book Bearing Steels written by J. J. C. Hoo and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1975 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonmetallic Inclusion Bonding in Bearing Steel and the Initiation of White Etching Cracks written by Erik Vegter and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of nonmetallic inclusions in bearing steel is well described as well as the occurrence of white-etching cracks starting at the inclusions. In this paper, the role of interfacial strength in the initiation of small cracks at nonmetallic inclusion-steel interfaces that lead to white-etching crack systems is discussed. The effect of rolling contact fatigue on the steel-inclusion interface will be described to explain the early crack initiation, with a focus on manganese sulfide and complex aluminum oxide inclusions. The factors of size and shape both play an important role in the behavior of inclusions, as well as that of interfacial bonding, which will be shown to be decisive in the strength of a bearing steel. Experimental methods to determine inclusion-steel interface properties are applied, such as advanced tensile tests combined with digital image correlation, in order to show the level of bonding of nonmetallic inclusions. The experimental results contribute to the verification of inclusion modeling in rolling contact fatigue simulations.
Download or read book Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels written by Andrea Di Schino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.
Download or read book Acoustic Emission written by Zinoviy Nazarchuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph analyses in detail the physical aspects of the elastic waves radiation during deformation or fracture of materials. It presents the methodological bases for the practical use of acoustic emission device, and describes the results of theoretical and experimental researches of evaluation of the crack growth resistance of materials, selection of the useful AE signals. The efficiency of this methodology is shown through the diagnostics of various-purpose industrial objects. The authors obtain results of experimental researches with the help of the new methods and facilities.
Download or read book Introduction to Surface Engineering written by P. A. Dearnley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-16 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly illustrated reference work covers the three principal types of surface technologies that best protect engineering devices and products: diffusion technologies, deposition technologies, and other less commonly acknowledged surface engineering (SE) techniques. Various applications are noted throughout the text and additionally whole chapters are devoted to specific SE applications across the automotive, gas turbine engine (GTE), metal machining, and biomedical implant sectors. Along with the benefits of SE, this volume also critically examines SE's limitations. Materials degradation pathways - those which can and those which cannot be mitigated by SE - are rigorously explained. Written from a scientific, materials engineering perspective, this concise text is supported by high-quality images and photo-micrographs which show how surfaces can be engineered to overcome the limits of conventionally produced materials, even in complex or hostile operating environments. This book is a useful resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as professional engineers.
Download or read book Systematic Analysis of Gear Failures written by Lester E. Alban and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the detailed steps necessary to determine the causes of failure. First, the physical characteristics of a gear are studied: where the stress points are, from what directions the forces are applied, where the movement of material progresses, and where strain patterns exist. Second, all external conditions and forces are considered. With this background information, a systematic examination is described from beginning to end, the end being a conclusion about the mode and cause of failure.
Download or read book Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing of Bearing Steels written by J. J. C. Hoo and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ball Bearing Lubrication written by Bernard J. Hamrock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication written by D. Dowson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication deals with the mechanism of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication, that is, the lubrication regime in operation over the small areas where machine components are in nominal point or line contact. The lubrication of rigid contacts is discussed, along with the effects of high pressure on the lubricant and bounding solids. The governing equations for the solution of elasto-hydrodynamic problems are presented. Comprised of 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication and representation of contacts by cylinders, followed by a discussion on equations relevant to lubrication, including the Reynolds equation. The reader is then introduced to lubrication of rigid cylinders; the importance of film thickness in highly loaded rigid contacts; the elasticity of solids in contact; and the theory of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. Subsequent chapters focus on apparatus and measurements of film thickness and film shape; friction and viscosity; and lubrication of gears and roller bearings. This book will be of interest to tribologists.
Download or read book Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies written by Richard P Gangloff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-16 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.Volume 1 is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of the hydrogen embrittlement problem in specific technologies including petrochemical refining, automotive hydrogen tanks, nuclear waste disposal and power systems, and H2 storage and distribution facilities. Part two then examines modern methods of characterization and analysis of hydrogen damage and part three focuses on the hydrogen degradation of various alloy classesWith its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 1 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. - Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure - Reviews how hydrogen embrittlement affects particular sectors such as the petrochemicals, automotive and nuclear industries - Discusses how hydrogen embrittlement can be characterised and its effects on particular alloy classes
Download or read book Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology written by Tedric A. Harris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-10-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the fifth edition of the classic Rolling Bearing Analysis, this book builds a basic understanding of the fundamentals underlying the use, design, and performance of rolling bearings. It serves as a stand-alone introduction cutting across the array of disciplines necessary to evaluate and comprehend the performance and behavior of all types of rolling bearings. The authors derive the mathematics and theories underlying catalog values given by manufacturers and lead you from the various types of bearings through bearing geometry, applied loading, internal load distribution, deformation, functional performance, and structural materials. It makes an ideal introductory textbook as well as a practical field reference for professionals.
Download or read book Bainite and Martensite written by Carlos Garcia-Mateo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructures of both martensite and bainite, although sharing some common features, depict a plethora of subtle differences that made them unique when studied in further detail. Tailoring the final properties of a microstructure based on one or the other as well as in combination with others and exploring more sophisticated concepts, such as Q&P and nanostructured bainite, are the topics which are the focus of research around the world. In understanding the key microstructural parameters controlling the final properties as well as definition of adequate process parameters to attain the desired microstructures requires that a proper understanding of the mechanism ruling their transformation and a detailed characterization first be acheived. The development of new and powerful scientific techniques and equipment (EBSD, APT, HRTEM, etc.) allow us to gain fundamental insights that help to establish some of the principles by which those microstructures are known. The developments accompanying such findings lead to further developments and intensive research providing the required metallurgical support.
Download or read book Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science written by Adam J. Schwartz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallographic texture or preferred orientation has long been known to strongly influence material properties. Historically, the means of obtaining such texture data has been though the use of x-ray or neutron diffraction for bulk texture measurements, or transmission electron microscopy or electron channeling for local crystallographic information. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of a new characterization technique for probing the microtexture of materials. This advance has come about primarily through the automated indexing of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. The first commercially available system was introduced in 1994, and since then of sales worldwide has been dramatic. This has accompanied widening the growth applicability in materials scienceproblems such as microtexture, phase identification, grain boundary character distribution, deformation microstructures, etc. and is evidence that this technique can, in some cases, replace more time-consuming transmission electron microscope (TEM) or x-ray diffraction investigations. The benefits lie in the fact that the spatial resolution on new field emission scanning electron microscopes (SEM) can approach 50 nm, but spatial extent can be as large a centimeter or greater with a computer controlled stage and montagingofthe images. Additional benefits include the relative ease and low costofattaching EBSD hardware to new or existing SEMs. Electron backscatter diffraction is also known as backscatter Kikuchi diffraction (BKD), or electron backscatter pattern technique (EBSP). Commercial names for the automation include Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIMTM) and Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping (ACOM).
