Download or read book Introduction to the Basic Concepts and Problems of Modern Logic written by G. Hasenjaeger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of modern logic is too extensive to be worked through by open cast mining. To open it up, we need to sink shafts and construct adits. This is the method of most text books: a systematic exposition of a number of main topics, supplemented by exercises to teach skill in the appurtenant techniques, lays a secure foundation for subsequent dis cussion of selected questions. Compared with this, the present treatment is more like a network of exploratory drillings to show that it would be worthwhile to start mining operations, or to work the existing shafts and adits, as the case may be. Within this metaphor we may also describe the inherent weakness of this conception: once a cavity is pierced, the duct's capacity will in general not be sufficient to carry away the discovered riches. But whether we are concerned with a new or an already worked mine - at any rate, the experience should stimulate us into either reviving an existing system of shafts or even, in particularly fortunate cases, designing a new ap proach.
Download or read book Introducion to the Basic Concepts and Problems of Modern Logic written by Gisbert Hasenjaeger and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Concise Introduction to Logic written by Craig DeLancey and published by Open SUNY Textbooks. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.
Download or read book Andrzej Mostowski and Foundational Studies written by A. Ehrenfeucht and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2008-03-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrzej Mostowski was one of the leading 20th century logicians. His legacy is examined in this volume of papers devoted both to his extraordinary scientific heritage and to the memory of him as a great researcher, teacher, organizer of science and human. Professor Mostowski pioneered and mastered many areas of mathematical logic. His contributions spanned set theory, recursion theory, and model theory - the backbone of foundations of mathematics. He is best known of the Kleene-Mostowski and Davis-Mostowski hierarchies of properties of integers reflecting the complexity of their definitions, and of the very elegant concept of a generalized quantifier which inspired and keeps stimulating a stream of deep work on fundamental issues of logics, deduction and reasoning both in mathematics and in computer science, and also of the contributions and excellent lectures on undecidability, unprovability, consistency and independence of various statements in set theory and arithmetic following Gödel, Tarski and Cohen. The overall content of the volume is designed to cover the current main streams in the field. For many years after WWII, especially in the late sixties, till his untimely death in 1975, Warsaw - where he led the centre of foundational studies - was a place where many leading logicians visited, studied, and started their career. Their memories form an important part of this volume, attempting to bring back the extraordinary achievements and personality of Mostowski.
Download or read book Philosophical Logic written by John MacFarlane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory logic is generally taught as a straightforward technical discipline. In this book, John MacFarlane helps the reader think about the limitations of, presuppositions of, and alternatives to classical first-order predicate logic, making this an ideal introduction to philosophical logic for any student who already has completed an introductory logic course. The book explores the following questions. Are there quantificational idioms that cannot be expressed with the familiar universal and existential quantifiers? How can logic be extended to capture modal notions like necessity and obligation? Does the material conditional adequately capture the meaning of 'if'—and if not, what are the alternatives? Should logical consequence be understood in terms of models or in terms of proofs? Can one intelligibly question the validity of basic logical principles like Modus Ponens or Double Negation Elimination? Is the fact that classical logic validates the inference from a contradiction to anything a flaw, and if so, how can logic be modified to repair it? How, exactly, is logic related to reasoning? Must classical logic be revised in order to be applied to vague language, and if so how? Each chapter is organized around suggested readings and includes exercises designed to deepen the reader's understanding. Key Features: An integrated treatment of the technical and philosophical issues comprising philosophical logic Designed to serve students taking only one course in logic beyond the introductory level Provides tools and concepts necessary to understand work in many areas of analytic philosophy Includes exercises, suggested readings, and suggestions for further exploration in each chapter
Download or read book Reason and Argument written by Richard Feldman and published by Pearson Higher Ed. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a clear and philosophically sound method for identifying, interpreting, and evaluating arguments as they appear in non-technical sources. It focuses on a more functional, real-world goal of argument analysis as a tool for figuring out what is reasonable to believe rather than as an instrument of persuasion. Methods are illustrated by applying them to arguments about different topics as they appear in a variety of contexts — e.g., newspaper editorials and columns, short essays, informal reports of scientific results, etc.
Download or read book Introduction to Logic written by Alfred Tarski and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic undergraduate treatment examines the deductive method in its first part and explores applications of logic and methodology in constructing mathematical theories in its second part. Exercises appear throughout.
Download or read book Modern Logic written by Graeme Forbes and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Logic fills the strong need for a highly accessible, carefully structured introductory text in symbolic logic. The natural deduction system Forbes uses will be easy for students to understand, and the material is carefully structured, with graded exercises at the end of each section, selected answers to which are provided at the back of the book. The book's emphasis is on giving the student a thorough understanding of the concepts rather than just a facilitywith formal procedures.
Download or read book The Cumulative Book Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A world list of books in the English language.
Download or read book Catalog of Copyright Entries Third Series written by Library of Congress. Copyright Office and published by Copyright Office, Library of Congress. This book was released on 1974 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principia Mathematica written by Alfred North Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Methodological Unity of Science written by M. Bunge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume collects some of the talks given at the Bertrand Russell Colloquium on Exact Philosophy, attached to the McGill University Foundations and Philosophy of Science Unit. It also includes a paper, on Bertrand Russell's method of philosophizing, read at the memorial symposium held at Sir Gorge Williams University shortly after the philosopher's death. All the papers appear here for the first time. Unlike many a philosophy of science anthology, this one is not center ed on the philosophy of physics. In fact the papers deal with conceptual and, in particular, philosophical problems that pop up in almost every one of the provinces of the vast territory constituted by the foundations, meth odology and philosophy of science. A couple of border territories which are in the process of being infiltrated have been added for good measure. The inclusion of papers in the philosophy of formal science and in the philosophies of physics and of biology, in a volume belonging to a series devoted to the philosophy and methodology of the social and behavioral sciences, should raise no eyebrows. Because the sciences of man make use of logic and mathematics, they are interested in questions such as whether the formal sciences have anything to do with reality (rather than with our theories about reality) and whether or not logic has kept up with the practice of mathematicians. These two problems are tackled in Part II, on the philosophy of formal science.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Fuzzy Sets written by Didier Dubois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Fuzzy Sets covers the basic elements of fuzzy set theory. Its four-part organization provides easy referencing of recent as well as older results in the field. The first part discusses the historical emergence of fuzzy sets, and delves into fuzzy set connectives, and the representation and measurement of membership functions. The second part covers fuzzy relations, including orderings, similarity, and relational equations. The third part, devoted to uncertainty modelling, introduces possibility theory, contrasting and relating it with probabilities, and reviews information measures of specificity and fuzziness. The last part concerns fuzzy sets on the real line - computation with fuzzy intervals, metric topology of fuzzy numbers, and the calculus of fuzzy-valued functions. Each chapter is written by one or more recognized specialists and offers a tutorial introduction to the topics, together with an extensive bibliography.
Download or read book Computing with Words in Information Intelligent Systems 1 written by Lotfi A. Zadeh and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes consIstmg of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday human activity with language, and in the latter, "game" simply implies an ordinary word. Thus, Wittgenstein precisely stated that a word is fuzzy in real life. Unfortunately this idea about a word was not accepted in the conventional science. We had to wait for Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory. Remembering Wittgenstein's statement, we should consider, on the one hand, the concept of "computing with words" from a philosophical point of view. It deeply relates to the everyday use of a word in which the meaning of a word is fuzzy in its nature.
Download or read book Philosophical Logic written by George Englebretsen and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces students to non-classical logic, syllogistic, to quantificational and modal logic. The book includes exercises throughout and a glossary of terms and symbols.
