Download or read book Public Hearing on International Child Labor written by United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Should Core Labor Standards Be Imposed Through International Trade Policy written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Labor Standards and International Trade written by Mr.Stephen S. Golub and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews controversies regarding linkage of international trade and labor standards. Pressures for international harmonization of labor standards arise in the context of increased trade between countries with large disparities in wages, and also reflect the history of labor standards. A critical distinction is made between standards related to fundamental human rights and those related to employment conditions. The main conclusion is that trade sanctions to enforce labor standards should not be an option, but that international agreements on core labor standards, with voluntary compliance, may, apart from being worthwhile on ethical grounds, defuse calls for protection.
Download or read book Public Hearings on International Child Labor written by United States. International Child Labor Program and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade and Child Labor written by Eric V. Edmonds and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We explore the relationship between greater exposure to trade (as measured by openness) and child labor in a cross country setting. Our methodology accounts for the fact that trade flows are endogenous to child labor (and labor standards more generally) by examining the relationship between child labor and variation in trade based on geography. We find that countries that trade more have less child labor. At the cross-country means, the data suggest an openness elasticity of child labor of -0.7. For low-income countries, the elasticity of child labor with respect to trade with high income countries is -0.9. However, these relationships appear to be largely attributable to the positive association between trade and income. When we control for the endogeneity of trade and for cross-country income differences, the openness elasticity of child labor at cross-country means is much smaller (-0.1) and statistically insignificant. We consistently find a negative but statistically insignificant association between openness and child labor conditional on cross-country income differences when we split the sample into different country groups, consider only trade between high and low income countries, or focus on exports of unskilled-labor intensive products from low income countries. Thus, the cross-country data do not substantiate assertions that trade per se plays a significant role in perpetuating the high levels of child labor that pervade low-income countries"--NBER website
Download or read book Child Labor in the Developing World written by Alberto Posso and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides new evidence of the theoretical and empirical causes and consequences of child labor. In so doing, the chapters provide a unique set of policy prescriptions that are applicable to both the developing countries that make up the case studies of the volume, as well as other countries more broadly. The volume is constructed to inform policy with rigorous analysis. However, unlike most academic studies, the language and flavour of the volume is largely non-technical, while the policy recommendations are practical. The volume is made up of three sections. The first section builds on the existing literature and provides new theoretical insights into child labor. Section 2 provides empirical evidence from both quantitative and qualitative case studies on child labor from across Asia, Africa and Latin America. This section provides information from studies conducted in Brazil, Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, India and Vietnam. Section 3 provides policy recommendations.
Download or read book Trade Unions and Child Labour written by Alec Fyfe and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication sets out a practical framework for specific measures for trade union involvement at the local, national and international levels to protect against the use of child labour, based on the variety of approaches taken by workers' organisations around the world. The book summarises the nature and extent of the child labour problem; gives examples of trade union activities in the campaign against child labour; sets out a framework for action based on these case studies; and examines the international response to child labour.
Download or read book International Trade and Labor Standards written by Christian Barry and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progressive governments in poor countries fear that if they undertake measures to enhance real wages and working conditions, rising labor costs would cause wealthier countries to import from and invest elsewhere. Yet if the world trading system were designed to facilitate or even reward measures to promote labor standards, poor countries could undertake them without fear. In this book, Christian Barry and Sanjay G. Reddy propose ways in which the international trading system can support poor countries in promoting the well-being of their peoples. Reforms to the trading system can lessen the collective-action problem among poor countries, increasing their freedom to pursue policy that better serves the interests of their people. Incorporating the right kind of linkage between trading opportunities and the promotion of labor standards could empower countries, allowing them greater effective sovereignty and enabling them to improve the circumstances of the less advantaged. Barry and Reddy demonstrate how linkage can be made acceptable to all players, and they carefully defend these ideas against those who might initially disagree. Their volume is accessible to general readers but draws on sophisticated economic and philosophical arguments and includes responses from leading labor activists, economists, and philosophers, including Kyle Bagwell, Robert Goodin, Rohini Hensman, and Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
Download or read book World Trade Child Labour and Transnational Constitutionalism written by Franziska Humbert and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Open Access publication of this book has been made possible by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Is the current structure of international law still adequate to solve global problems such as child labour? This book argues for more coherence between human rights and trade law, analysing the world trade law compatibility of topical trade measures on (forced) child labour such as the US Tariff Act of 1930 or the proposal for an EU Forced Labour Regulation, mainly under the GATT non-discrimination principles and the policy exceptions clause. Discussing theories such as constitutionalism and pluralism, Franziska Humbert develops the idea of a New Legal Humanism as a cognitive frame for the global legal order.
Download or read book Should Core Labor Standards Be Imposed Through International Trade Policy written by Keith E. Maskus and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weak provision of core labor standards in developing countries has complex effects on competitiveness and trade. The problem cannot be treated effectively by imposing trade sanctions, but should instead be approached through programs aimed directly at poverty reduction, education reforms, and disclosure of information. Numerous proposals have surfaced recently to incorporate a clause about labor standards in the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Such a clause would require each WTO member to recognize and enforce certain core labor standards: forbidding forced labor, discrimination, and the exploitation of child workers and guaranteeing the rights of workers to associate freely and engage in collective bargaining with employers. Failure to provide core labor standards would subject a country to international trade sanctions. Maskus analyzes links between core labor standards and international trade policy. He develops a series of simple models to see whether limiting core labor standards in export sectors of developing countries can improve the countries' price competitiveness in export markets. He concludes that deficient provision of core labor standards generally diminishes export competitiveness rather than improving it, because of the distortionary effects of those deficiencies. In other words, concerns about the negative impact on industrial countries of limited wage, employment, and labor standards in developing countries are largely misplaced - one exception: exploiting child labor could expand exports in highly labor-intensive sectors. But wage spillovers into industrial economy labor markets must be trivial, and there is no empirical evidence that the use of child labor provides measurable competitive advantages. Do international trade sanctions serve a legitimate, effective role in penalizing countries that fail to observe core labor standards? Maskus points out that trade restrictions are blunt, indirect instruments and may be counterproductive, harming the people they are designed to help and ineffective in achieving stated goals. Thus, including in WTO rules a social clause guaranteeing core labor standards would reduce global efficiency for a small gain. Some approaches - compensation programs from wealthy countries, focused on poverty reduction and better access to education- be more effective and less costly than trade restrictions. At the same time, the International Labor Organization could improve its monitoring and publicity efforts, to raise international consciousness about labor standards. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze trade barriers facing developing countries.
Download or read book Human Rights Labor Rights and International Trade written by Lance A. Compa and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2003-08-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A significant contribution to current legal, political, and economic discourse on workers in the global economy."—International and Comparative Law Quarterly
Download or read book The Challenge of Child Labour in International Law written by Franziska Humbert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labour remains a widespread problem around the world. Over 200 million children can be regarded as child labourers, and about 10 million children are involved in producing either agricultural or manufactured products for export. Franziska Humbert explores the status of child labour in international law. Offering a wide-ranging analysis of the problem, she explores the various UN and ILO instruments and reveals the weaknesses of the current frameworks installed by these bodies to protect children from economic exploitation. After assessing to what extent trade measures such as conditionalities, labelling and trade restrictions and promotional activities can reduce child labour, she suggests an alternative legal framework which takes into account the needs of children.
Download or read book Should Core Labor Standards be Imposed Through International Trade Policy written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1997 Weak provision of core labor standards in developing countries has complex effects on competitiveness and trade. The problem cannot be treated effectively by imposing trade sanctions, but should instead be approached through programs aimed directly at poverty reduction, education reforms, and disclosure of information. Numerous proposals have surfaced recently to incorporate a clause about labor standards in the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Such a clause would require each WTO member to recognize and enforce certain core labor standards: forbidding forced labor, discrimination, and the exploitation of child workers and guaranteeing the rights of workers to associate freely and engage in collective bargaining with employers. Failure to provide core labor standards would subject a country to international trade sanctions. Maskus analyzes links between core labor standards and international trade policy. He develops a series of simple models to see whether limiting core labor standards in export sectors of developing countries can improve the countries' price competitiveness in export markets. He concludes that deficient provision of core labor standards generally diminishes export competitiveness rather than improving it, because of the distortionary effects of those deficiencies. In other words, concerns about the negative impact on industrial countries of limited wage, employment, and labor standards in developing countries are largely misplaced- one exception: exploiting child labor could expand exports in highly labor-intensive sectors. But wage spillovers into industrial economy labor markets must be trivial, and there is no empirical evidence that the use of child labor provides measurable competitive advantages. Do international trade sanctions serve a legitimate, effective role in penalizing countries that fail to observe core labor standards? Maskus points out that trade restrictions are blunt, indirect instruments and may be counterproductive, harming the people they are designed to help and ineffective in achieving stated goals. Thus, including in WTO rules a social clause guaranteeing core labor standards would reduce global efficiency for a small gain. Some approaches- compensation programs from wealthy countries, focused on poverty reduction and better access to education- be more effective and less costly than trade restrictions. At the same time, the International Labor Organization could improve its monitoring and publicity efforts, to raise international consciousness about labor standards. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze trade barriers facing developing countries.
Download or read book A Future Without Child Labour written by and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labour in fishing
Download or read book Globalization and Labor Conditions written by Robert J. Flanagan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-07-20 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Globalization and Labor Conditions explains how the three main mechanisms of globalization - trade, international migration, and international capital flows - alter working conditions (particularly wages, work hours, and job safety) and labor rights (freedom of association, nondiscrimination, and the elimination of forced and child labor). An important subtheme is the relative importance of international markets and international regulation in providing improvements in labor conditions around the world. Robert Flanagan draws on analyses from his own database on international labor conditions assembled for this project and research on globalization and labor conditions. The book presents evidence on how conditions changed during late 20th-century globalization, and on how economic growth, international trade, migration, and multinational companies influence labor conditions."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Child Labor written by Gary Wiener and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2009-06-05 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present your readers with a truly global review of the issue of child labor. Essays are collected from highly respected international sources, sharing viewpoints from places such as Bolivia, West Africa, South Asia, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Ireland, and Brazil. Readers will learn about children who work in coal mines, the sex trade, agriculture, and other industries. Essential essays share information regarding the responsibility of corporations to stop child labor. Essay sources include The Anti-Slavery Society, Global March Against Child Labour, The Child Workers in Asia Foundation, International Labour Organization, and the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers.
