Download or read book Efficient Transport for Europe Policies for the Internalisation of External Costs written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-07-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.

Download or read book The Internalisation of External Costs in Transport written by Dieter Schmidtchen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Internalisation of External Cost written by INFRAS, Infrastruktur- und Entwicklungsplanung, Umwelt- und Wirtschaftsfragen (Zürich) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Internalisation of External Costs Instruments written by Infras AG (Zurych). and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Internalisation of External Costs of Transport written by European Commission and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research project carried out within the frame of the EU Environmental Research Programme were: providing a method to calculate avoidance costs of air pollution, climate change and noise caused by transport in the EU et discussing possible instruments for internalisation, assessing some selected instruments in more detail and discussing the use of avoidance cost assessments for internalisation.

Download or read book The Internalisation of External Costs in Transport written by Dieter Schmidtchen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Commission mandated the consulting firm CE Delft to develop a framework for the internalisation of external costs and to devise a number of potential internalisation scenarios for further analysis. The results of their preliminary research are published in a CE discussion paper, and the Commission is now formulating draft legislative proposals which will be subjected to a consultation of stakeholders. The present report offers a critical assessment of the above mentioned CE study, provides a theoretical examination of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the polluter pays principle and the cheapest cost avoider principle in relation to the problems arising in the road transport sector, demonstrates how the cheapest cost avoider principle can be applied in practice by providing examples of external costs in road transport, and puts forward recommendations for the appropriate principles that should guide the Commission's further activities in this area.

Download or read book Environmental External Costs of Transport written by Rainer Friedrich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-09-25 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport causes a wide range of damage to human health, ecosytems and materials which are not reflected in the prices for transport. Thus, the damage caused by cars, planes, ships and trains should be known and transformed into monetary values, so called external costs. Within this book, a method to estimate the external costs stemming from the emissions of atmospheric pollutants of transport, including damage from greenhouse gases, fine particles, ozone, nitrous oxides, benzene and other carcinogenic substances, is described and applied to calculate the external costs of a huge number of current and future transport techniques operating in different locations all over Europe. A number of case studies demonstrate how the results can be used to aid policy decisions. The book is an important basis for assessing transport techniques, discussing transport taxes and charges and implementing ecopolitical instruments.

Download or read book INTERNALISATION Measures and Policies for the External Cost of Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exploring Health and Environmental Costs of Food written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-28 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. food system provides many benefits, not the least of which is a safe, nutritious and consistent food supply. However, the same system also creates significant environmental, public health, and other costs that generally are not recognized and not accounted for in the retail price of food. These include greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil erosion, air pollution, and their environmental consequences, the transfer of antibiotic resistance from food animals to human, and other human health outcomes, including foodborne illnesses and chronic disease. Some external costs which are also known as externalities are accounted for in ways that do not involve increasing the price of food. But many are not. They are borne involuntarily by society at large. A better understanding of external costs would help decision makers at all stages of the life cycle to expand the benefits of the U.S. food system even further. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a public workshop on April 23-23, 2012, to explore the external costs of food, methodologies for quantifying those costs, and the limitations of the methodologies. The workshop was intended to be an information-gathering activity only. Given the complexity of the issues and the broad areas of expertise involved, workshop presentations and discussions represent only a small portion of the current knowledge and are by no means comprehensive. The focus was on the environmental and health impacts of food, using externalities as a basis for discussion and animal products as a case study. The intention was not to quantify costs or benefits, but rather to lay the groundwork for doing so. A major goal of the workshop was to identify information sources and methodologies required to recognize and estimate the costs and benefits of environmental and public health consequences associated with the U.S. food system. It was anticipated that the workshop would provide the basis for a follow-up consensus study of the subject and that a central task of the consensus study will be to develop a framework for a full-scale accounting of the environmental and public health effects for all food products of the U.S. food system. Exploring Health and Environmental Costs of Food: Workshop Summary provides the basis for a follow-up planning discussion involving members of the IOM Food and Nutrition Board and the NRC Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources and others to develop the scope and areas of expertise needed for a larger-scale, consensus study of the subject.

Download or read book Internalisation Measures and Policy for the External Cost of Transport written by H.P. Essen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book External Costs of Transport and Internalisation written by Tom Kram and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Models for Sustainable Logistics written by Salvatore Digiesi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces new inventory models to support decision-making when cost of externalities are jointly considered along with costs of logistics. Internalization of cost of externalities gives rise to new logistics costs estimates and functions which managers, researchers, lecturers and students should refer in facing with logistics issues. This book focuses on freight transports of industrial production systems. Logistics play a key role for industries since it reveals a critical function designed and managed to pursue economic goals. A large amount of literature is available providing models, which can be used to minimize logistic costs. However, these models usually neglect externalities. New Models for Sustainable Logistics: Internalization of External Costs in Inventory Management is comprised of three chapters. Chapter 1 provides a taxonomy of external costs figures as well as data set enabling the reader to perform reliable estimates of freight transport external costs. To this purpose, a full scale case study is developed. Chapter 2 describes a new sustainable inventory management model whose cost functions include externalities. The classical ‘Economic Order Quantity’ model is re-formulated and the new concept of Sustainable Order Quantity (SOQ) is defined. Finally, in Chapter 3 the SOQ model is formulated for different inventory management applications referred to both deterministic and stochastic production environments. Numerical examples are also provided.

Download or read book Internalising the External Costs of Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal and goods transport entail a significant societal and economic cost in the form of environmental and human health impacts, accidents, congestion, as well as infrastructure wear and tear. These costs are, however, largely unaccounted for in the price that transport users pay today. In the absence of a dedicated fiscal and policy framework, transport users thus currently do not consider external costs as part of their travel decisions. Back in 2011 the European Commission acknowledged in its White Paper the importance of implementing 'fair and efficient transport pricing'. Consequently, a number of ongoing legislative processes, most notably the revision of the Eurovignette Directive on road pricing, aim to enact the long standing 'user pays' and 'polluter pays' principles. Yet, while there is agreement over the general principles, the specific policy design is still to be determined. The French government's recent backing down on a tax proposal that would have seen fuel prices increase by just under 3% shows how difficult it is to impose any economic pain in the name of tackling climate change. This calls for careful design and implementation of fiscal policy measures in order to ensure public acceptance, equity and social inclusion. Cost reflective price signals are key to incentivising more efficient transport, while enabling consumers and industry actors to make informed purchase and investment decisions. The adequate internalisation of transport's external and infrastructure costs offers important benefits in terms of promoting a more efficient use of the infrastructures, reducing the transport sector's contribution to CO2 emissions, air and noise pollution, while securing fairness for transport users.

Download or read book Transport Welfare and Externalities written by Dieter Schmidtchen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a lawyer who has for many years been working on the interface between law and economics, I have observed with impatience the increasing divergence between academic economics and governmental policy-making. Too often economists are too obsessed with the mathematical modelling of their ideas and insufficiently concerned with the applications. This book constitutes a major and refreshing exception to that trend. Dieter Schmidtchen and his colleagues at Saarbrücken have addressed some issues of European transport policy by re-examining the fundamental ideas on which current analysis appears to be based and finding them wanting because they take too narrow a view on the options available. From the foreword by Anthony Ogus, University of Manchester, UK An excellent and comprehensive book of both theory and application for the Cheapest Cost Avoider principle (CCAP), being better for the society s welfare than the commonly applied Polluters Pay Principle for dealing with transport external impacts. It is easily readable although scientifically rigorous with useful examples. The relation to the European Transport Policy is quite valuable. The book deserves a prominent place in the literature of applied transport economics, and I highly recommend it for students following these disciplines. Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas, National Technical University of Athens, Greece This book discusses for the first time the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy. The difference between applying the polluter-pays-principle and Calabresi s notion of the cheapest cost avoider are clearly explained and distributional consequences are also considered. Moreover, in addition to a brilliant economic analysis, the book also discusses important cases and the consequences of their analysis for European transport policy. It is a must-read for anyone interested either in law and economics generally or transport policy in particular. Michael Faure, Maastricht University and Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands This book discusses a paradigm shift for dealing with the internalization of external costs in transport. Crucial to the analysis is the insight that the polluters are not the only cost drivers; both pollutees and the state can also contribute to reducing social costs. The authors show that applying the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle (CCAP) instead of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) can lead to substantial welfare improvements. This book develops the foundations for the CCAP, which is shown to be superior to the PPP, both methodologically and practically, in identifying the most appropriate policy for dealing with external effects in transport. The PPP neglects the fact that external costs are jointly caused by all involved parties and that the externality problem is of a reciprocal nature: to avoid harm to a pollutee necessarily inflicts harm on the polluter. The real problem for welfare maximization addressed by the CCAP is to avoid the most serious harm. The CCAP guarantees efficiency, fair competition and equity. Its use of some form of cost benefit analysis also helps to avoid regulatory failure. The CCAP incorporates polluter pays as one possible outcome; however, this is not a foregone conclusion. Two case studies showing that the methodology of the CCAP can be applied in practice and a critical assessment of the European greening transport policy complete this volume. Discussing the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy, this book will appeal to academics in the fields of law and economics, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment, and European transport policy. Policymakers and civil servants concerned with transport policy, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment will also find this book valuable.

Download or read book Strategy for the Internalisation of External Costs 2008 written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Estimation of External Costs in the Transport Sector written by M. Maibach and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Estimation of External Cost in the Transport Sector written by Markus Maibach and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: