Download or read book Immune Responses Against Tumors From the Bench to the Bedside written by Tiezheng Hou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have been used in clinical practice to treat cancer patients. However, these methods are either not completely tumor free or without collateral damage to health tissues. Therefore, tumor recurrence, partial remission, treatment side effect and poor tolerance in elderly patients, and lack of effective strategy to treat late-stage cancers have been the major hurdles faced by clinicians in health care. Although cancer immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade, CAR-T, oncolytic viruses, and recombinant cytokines has taken center stage in mainstream oncology because of its specifically targeting tumor cells without affecting surrounding normal cells, only a proportion of patients receiving treatment respond and others relapse after an initial response. Different tumor indications respond differently, and even in cancer types that respond, unresponsiveness are still observed. This resistance suggests that either lack of sufficient host recognition and immunity (intrinsic) or active immune suppression by tumor complex (acquired).
Download or read book Cancer Immunology written by Nima Rezaei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This translational, clinically oriented book describes in detail novel approaches to cancer immunotherapy, current strategies to target tumor immunosuppression, and prognostic biomarkers for personalized cancer treatments. Since the first, very successful edition of the book was published in 2015, the original chapters have been significantly updated and entirely new chapters are included on, for example, cancer immunoprevention, aptamer-mediated cancer gene therapy, haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for pediatric malignancies, and nanoimmunotherapy. The book is published as part of the three-volume Springer series Cancer Immunology, which aims to provide an up-to-date, clinically relevant review of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Other volumes in the series address the translational medicine context and cancer immunotherapy for organ-specific tumors. Cancer Immunology: Bench to Bedside Immunotherapy of Cancers will be of special value to clinical immunologists, hematologists, and oncologists.
Download or read book Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer From Benchside Research to Bedside Reality written by Abhishek D Garg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a role were mainly contradictory, but also largely because it was considered acceptable (and sometimes still is) to test anticancer therapies in immunodeficient mice (i.e. SCID/athymic mice lacking adaptive immune system). This latter practice played a detrimental role in appreciating the role of anticancer immunity in cancer therapy. This scenario is epitomized by the fact that for a long time the very existence of cancer-associated antigens or cancer-associated ‘danger signaling’ remained controversial. However, over last several years this dogmatic view has been considerably modified. The existence of cancer-associated antigens and ‘danger signaling’ has been proven to be incontrovertible. These developments have together paved way for the establishment of the attractive concept of “immunogenic cell death” (ICD). It has been established that a restricted class of chemotherapeutics/targeted therapeutics, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and certain oncolytic viruses can induce a form of cancer cell death called ICD which is accompanied by spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. These danger signals along with other factors help cancer cells undergoing ICD to activate host innate immune cells, which in turn activate T cell-based immunity that helps eradicate live (or residual) surviving cancer cells. The emergence of ICD has been marred by some controversy. ICD has been criticized to be either experimental model or setting-specific or mostly a concept based on rodent studies that may have very limited implications for clinical application. However, in recent times it has emerged (through mainly retrospective or prognostic studies) that ICD can work in various human clinical settings hinting towards clinical applicability of ICD. However a widespread consensus on this issue is still transitional. In the current Research Topic we aimed to organize and intensify a discussion that strives to bring together the academic and clinical research community in order to provide a background to the current state-of-the-art in ICD associated bench-side research and to initiate fruitful discussions on present and future prospects of ICD translating towards the clinical, bedside reality.
Download or read book Immuno Oncology written by Thomas Ichim and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immune system offers the possibility of treating cancer and its metastasis without the toxicities of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, despite recent medical advances, overall survival of patients is still relatively dismal. Advances such development of Provenge, which is the first widely accepted immunotherapy of cancer have attracted media attention and interest, however survival advantage was only 3 months in double blind trials. In this book we take a multi-disciplinary approach to analyzing in a highly referenced and technical manner the various cellular, biochemical and immunological changes that occur in cancer patients. By categorizing what cancer does to the body, and how the body tries to fight the cancer, an overall picture is painted of various interventions and combination interventions that can be tried in order to maximize probability of patient improvement. Various conventional and unconventional approaches to cancer are described in this volume, including macrophage activation therapy, oxidative medicine, lymphokine activated killers, and non-specific immune stimulants. Significant effort was made by the authors to detail how various components of the immune system collaborate in the recognition of cancer cells, how cancer cells avoid immune attack, and means of derepressing immunity using chemical, cellular, and genetic approaches. Specific tumor immune evasion mechanisms that are described include: a) the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), which selectively induces suppression of cytotoxic T cells through anergy, apoptosis, and T regulatory cell generation; b) IL-10, a cytokine produced by tumor cells, as well as tumor-associated macrophages, which induces generation of T regulatory cells; c) cancer derived exosomes, which act as nanoparticle vesicles, that directly induce apoptosis of tumor-reactive T cells, as well as assist in formation of extracellular matrix that is receptive to tumor metastasis; d) soluble HLA-like molecules including MICA, which block the activation of natural killer cells, the cells that are capable of killing tumors which have downregulated antigen presentation; e) arginase, an enzyme produced by M2 macrophages, which produces an immune suppressive localized environment; and f) tumor lactic acid accumulation, which blocks cytotoxic activity of T cells, while at the same time allowing for survival of T regulatory cells, which in turn suppress the immune system. In addition to overviewing how cancer suppresses the immune system, discuss how the immune system suppresses cancer. Detailed descriptions are provided of immune modulators that have demonstrated clinical efficacy signals dating back from the days of Coley's toxins, all the way to the current immune checkpoint inhibitor trials. Specific areas of concentration include: a) cytokine induced killer cells; b) lymphokine activated killers; c) BCG; and d) cancer vaccines. We trust that the current volume will provide its readers not only with details of the immune-tumor interaction, but will also provide solid support for novel experimental approaches to cancer, including combination of T regulatory cell depleting chemotherapies with immunotherapy, as well as combinations of intravenous nutrients with immune stimulators.
Download or read book Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer From Benchside Research to Bedside written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a role were mainly contradictory, but also largely because it was considered acceptable (and sometimes still is) to test anticancer therapies in immunodeficient mice (i.e. SCID/athymic mice lacking adaptive immune system). This latter practice played a detrimental role in appreciating the role of anticancer immunity in cancer therapy. This scenario is epitomized by the fact that for a long time the very existence of cancer-associated antigens or cancer-associated 'danger signaling' remained controversial. However, over last several years this dogmatic view has been considerably modified. The existence of cancer-associated antigens and 'danger signaling' has been proven to be incontrovertible. These developments have together paved way for the establishment of the attractive concept of "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). It has been established that a restricted class of chemotherapeutics/targeted therapeutics, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and certain oncolytic viruses can induce a form of cancer cell death called ICD which is accompanied by spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. These danger signals along with other factors help cancer cells undergoing ICD to activate host innate immune cells, which in turn activate T cell-based immunity that helps eradicate live (or residual) surviving cancer cells. The emergence of ICD has been marred by some controversy. ICD has been criticized to be either experimental model or setting-specific or mostly a concept based on rodent studies that may have very limited implications for clinical application. However, in recent times it has emerged (through mainly retrospective or prognostic studies) that ICD can work in various human clinical settings hinting towards clinical applicability of ICD. However a widespread consensus on this issue is still transitional. In the current Research Topic we aimed to organize and intensify a discussion that strives to bring together the academic and clinical research community in order to provide a background to the current state-of-the-art in ICD associated bench-side research and to initiate fruitful discussions on present and future prospects of ICD translating towards the clinical, bedside reality.
Download or read book Immunomodulatory Biomaterials written by Stephen F. Badylak and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials have existed for millennia as mechanical replacement structures following disease or injury. Biomaterial design has changed markedly from structural support with an “inert immune profile as the primary objective to designs that elicit an integrative local tissue response and a pro-repair immune cell phenotype. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Regulating the Immune Response with Biomaterials to Affect Clinical Outcome offers a single, comprehensive reference on biomaterials for modulation of the host response, for materials scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. This book details methods, materials and strategies designed to regulate the host immune response following surgical implantation and thus facilitate specific local cell infiltration and tissue deposition. There has been a dramatic transformation in our understanding of the role of the immune system, both innate and adaptive; these changes include recognition of the plasticity of immune cells, especially macrophages, cross-talk between the immune system and stem cells, and the necessity for in situ transition between inflammatory and regulatory immune cell phenotypes. The exploitation of these findings and the design and manufacture of new biomaterials is occurring at an astounding pace. There is currently no book directed at the interdisciplinary principles guiding the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response. The challenge for academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to encourage innovation while assuring safety and maximizing efficacy has never been greater. Given the highly interdisciplinary requirements for the design, manufacture and use of immunomodulatory biomaterials, this book will prove a useful single resource across disciplines. Holistically covers the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response Provides a single reference for understanding and utilizing the host response in biomaterials design An international collaboration of leading researchers in the field offering a novel insight into this fast-growing area
Download or read book Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors From Bench to Bedside Volume 1 written by Nima Rezaei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain tumors comprise about 5–9% of all human neoplasms; and interestingly the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. Besides to the morphologic and histopathologic characteristics, and as each pathologic states first starts with molecular alterations, each tumor may have its own story in the matter of activating tumorigenesis pathways and having specific molecular characteristics. Importantly, the molecular classification of tumors has been highly considered in the past few decades for taking the most appropriate therapeutic approach. On the other hand, the tumors shall have tumor-scape mechanisms preventing the immunologic system to eliminate its invasion. The failure of innate and acquired immune system to defeat tumorigenesis mechanisms would consequently result in tumor development. Interestingly, the neuro-immunologic mechanism plays a role in development of psychiatric manifestations of brain tumors as well. Taking all these to account, the different arms of innate immunity, acquired immunity, and genetics have been approached to defeat development and/or progression of such tumors. Accordingly, the activation immunotherapeutic approaches focus on activating or strengthening the anti-tumor immunologic pathways in order to assist the weakened immune system to defeat the tumor (such as Dendritic cell vaccination, DNA vaccines, peptide vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and CAR T-cell therapy). In addition to immunologic components of brain and spinal cord tumors, numerous genes and genetic pathways have been recognized to take part in tumorigenesis. Taking these non-immune genetic pathways to account, some other therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy have been developed in the new era of cancer treatment. Moreover, and besides the biologic and medical aspects of these tumors, different physical/mathematical models have been proposed to either explain or predict tumor behavior. Such models would be advantageous in developing new therapeutic modalities in pre-clinical stages and enter new eras in cancer treatment. The first book of Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Neuro-immunology and Neuro-genetics, will mainly discuss the neuro-immunology and neurogenetic pathways associated with development of brain and spinal cord tumor. After a short introduction chapter, this book will focus on the role of innate and acquired immunity on development of these tumors and then the immunotherapeutic approaches to defeat these tumorigenesis mechanisms. This book will then focus on genetic aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors and bioinformatics models to describe the behavioral patterns of these tumors, as well as associated therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy. This volume of book could be useful for experts in basic sciences, mainly geneticists and immunologists, and also physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists and neuroradiologists.
Download or read book Guide to Immunotherapy written by Suzanne L. Walker and published by . This book was released on 2018-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene and Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer written by Armin Ghobadi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical and preclinical exploration of gene and cellular immunotherapy have seen rapid growth and interest with the development and approval of five Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products for lymphoma and myeloma and one Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These advances have dramatically improved the management of patients with relapsed refractory lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia. Gene and Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer offers readers a comprehensive review of current cellular and gene-based immunotherapies. Divided into eighteen cohesive chapters, this book provides an in-depth and detailed look into cellular-based immunotherapies including CAR-T, TCR-T, TIL, Viral CTLs, NK cells in addition to T/NK cell engagers, focusing on their historical perspectives, biology, development and manufacturing, toxicities and more. Edited by two leading experts on gene and cellular immunotherapy, the book will feature chapters written by a diverse collection of recognized and up-and-coming experts and researchers in the field, providing oncologists, immunologists, researchers and clinical and basic science trainees with a bench to bedside view of the latest developments in the field.
Download or read book Novel Gene Therapy Approaches written by Ming Wei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene therapy has the potential to be a tailor-made therapeutic with increased specificity and decreased side effects that can offer a "cure" for many disorders. The aim of this book is to provide up-to-date reviews of the rapidly growing field of gene therapy. Chapters cover a large range of topics including methods of gene delivery, and identification of targets with several papers on cancer gene therapy. If more people become aware of the true nature and potential of gene therapy, perhaps we can achieve the full benefit of such an innovative approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, including cancer.
Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.
Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Tim F. Greten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we provide insights into liver – cancer and immunology. Experts in the field provide an overview over fundamental immunological questions in liver cancer and tumorimmunology, which form the base for immune based approaches in HCC, which gain increasing interest in the community due to first promising results obtained in early clinical trials. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States. Treatment options are limited. Viral hepatitis is one of the major risk factors for HCC, which represents a typical “inflammation-induced” cancer. Immune-based treatment approaches have revolutionized oncology in recent years. Various treatment strategies have received FDA approval including dendritic cell vaccination, for prostate cancer as well as immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA4 or the PD1/PDL1 axis in melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Additionally, cell based therapies (adoptive T cell therapy, CAR T cells and TCR transduced T cells) have demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies and melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular have generated enormous excitement across the entire field of oncology, providing a significant benefit to a minority of patients.
Download or read book Immune Cell Lineage Reprogramming in Cancer written by Jianmei Wu Leavenworth and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Dr. Lewis Shi received financial support from Varian Medical System, Inc. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
Download or read book Cancer and Aging written by M. Extermann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is clearly an age-related disease. Recent research in both aging and cancer has demonstrated the complex interaction between the two phenomena. This affects a wide spectrum of research and practice, anywhere from basic research to health care organization. Core examples of these close associations are addressed in this book. Starting with basic research, the first chapters cover cancer development, mTOR inhibition, senescent cells altering the tumor microenvironment, and immune senescence affecting cancer vaccine response. Taking into account the multidisciplinarity of geriatric oncology, several chapters focus on geriatric and oncologic aspects in patient assessment, treatment options, nursing and exercise programs. The book is rounded off by a discussion on the impact of the metabolic syndrome illustrating the interactions between comorbidity and cancer and a chapter on frailty.This book provides the reader with insights that will hopefully foster his or her reflection in their own research and practice to further the development of this most exciting field. Given the aging of the population worldwide and the high prevalence of cancer, it is essential reading not only for oncologists and geriatricians but for all health practitioners.
Download or read book Identification of Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy From Bench to Bedside volume I written by Chang Gu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades, immunotherapy has become an established pillar of cancer treatment improving the survival of numerous patients with diverse solid and hematologic tumors. The leading causes behind the success are the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T/M/NK cells. As for ICIs, malignancies take advantage of the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) pathways to evade the immune system, and disruption of the axis by immune checkpoint inhibitors can achieve durable disease remissions, which has been proved by basic researches and (pre-) clinical studies among lung cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and Hodgkin’s disease. However, the 5-year survival rate of patients treated with ICIs varies with each individual and also relies on tumor specific pathological or molecular subtypes. Besides, the efficacy of ICIs is still limited in terms of drug resistance and fewer potential responders. Thus, there is a big challenge to identify and develop more novel reliable ICIs, as well as sensibilize existing ICIs for patients with drug resistance or even for non-responders.
Download or read book Advances in Human Immune System HIS Mouse Models for Studying Human Hematopoiesis and Cancer Immunotherapy written by Yasuyuki Saito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Prof. Aimin Xu receives financial support from Servier Laboratories. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic theme.