Download or read book Neural Control of Renal Function written by Ulla Kopp and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I: Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States / Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Conclusions / References

Download or read book Hypertension Neural and Renal Mechanisms written by Floyd R. Skelton and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension written by American Meart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation written by Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.) and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic kidney disease is one of the world's major public health problems, and the prevalence of kidney failure is rising steadily. Among the risk factors for a faster progression of renal disease are hypertension and proteinuria, many studies clearly demonstrating that hypertension is both a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease. Namely, renal blood pressure regulation seems to be involved in five major pathophysiological mechanisms (all closely related to the renin-angiotensin system): Pressure-natriuresis, renal sympathetic nervous system, renal blood flow, intraglomerular pressure and tubuloglomerular feedback. This book reviews experimental data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between hypertension and kidney diseases: The pathogenesis of increased blood pressure, the mechanisms by which systemic hypertension promotes progressive kidney failure, and the impact of antihypertensive agents on experimental renal mechanisms involved in hypertension. Furthermore, the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in both the control of systemic blood pressure and the reduction of proteinuria is examined in an attempt to define optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent the otherwise inexorable deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Download or read book Neural and Renal Mechanisms written by Council for High Blood Pressure Research (American Heart Association) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neural Humoral and Renal Mechanisms in Hypertension written by Schweizerische Vereinigung gegen den Hohen Blutdruck and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neural and Renal Mechanisms written by Council for High Blood Pressure Research (American Heart Association) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension and Brain Mechanisms written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension and Brain Mechanisms

Download or read book Hypertension written by Council for High Blood Pressure Research (American Heart Association) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension Renal Hormonal and Neural Mechanisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension written by American heart association. Council for high blood pressure research and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension written by Council for High Blood Pressure Research (American Heart Association) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essential Hypertension and Its Causes written by Paul I. Korner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new account of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH) represents a detailed analysis of the main components of the circulatory control system. The latter's properties resemble those of man-made adaptive control systems in which regulatory parameters are altered when operating conditions exceed certain limits, often through neural mechanisms. Inheritance of EH depends on both genes and environment. The high blood pressure (BP) genes have not yet been definitively identified, whilst the main environmental causes are mental stress, high dietary salt intake and obesity. EH occurs as two major syndromes, each initiated by chronic stress: 1) Stress-and-salt related EH, and 2) Hypertensive obesity. Stress is perceived by the cortex, from which increased dopaminergic (DA) neuron activity stimulates the hypothalamic defense area, raising sympathetic neural activity (SNA) and BP. Normally these subside quickly when the stress is over, but in those susceptible to EH the DA synapses become sensitized so that the defense response is evoked by ever lower levels of stress. Sensitization is common in memory circuits, but not in autonomic neurons, so that this property in EH may be genetically determined. Stress-related hypertension increases hypothalamic responsiveness to high salt, resulting in further rises in SNA and BP. Later, non-neural functional changes (e.g. reduction in nitric oxide) and the structural remodeling of resistance vessels further enhance the vasoconstriction. In contrast, in those developing hypertensive obesity food consumption is excessive, which transiently alleviates stress-related anxiety. The brain ignores the leptin-mediated signals that normally curb appetite, contrasting with normal energy regulation in SSR-EH. In hypertensive obesity, the SNA pattern is similar to that in SSR-EH, but vasoconstriction is masked by vasodilatation and fluid retention due to hyperinsulinemia. This syndrome is a volume overload hypertension, where high cardiac output, renal impairment and other non-neural factors contribute to the elevation of BP. Other topics include the role of various transmitters in autonomic regulation; the place of baroreflexes in the intact organism; why exercise training lowers resting BP; obstructive sleep apnea; non-pharmacological and drug treatment of EH; the role of the kidney in EH and in different types of renal hypertension and the pathogenesis of the Japanese spontaneously hypertensive rat, which provides a valuable animal model for EH. The work suggests that physiological systems analysis in a complex disorder like EH is a valuable tool for using the great advances in molecular biology to best advantage.

Download or read book The Kidney in Hypertension written by Norman M. Kaplan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1987 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hypertension written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanisms and Recent Advances in Therapy of Hypertension written by Hans Liebau and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1977 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cleveland October 27 and 28 1977 written by Jay N. Cohn and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: