Download or read book HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION OF OCEANIC BASALTS FROM DSDP HOLE 504B AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF MICROSTRUCTURES ALTERATION MECHANISMS AND VARIATIONS IN MINERAL CHEMISTRY MID OCEAN RIDGE written by YEN-HONG SHAU and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: appears to be mainly controlled by kinetic factors. Parageneses and compositions of phyllosilicates strongly depend upon available chemical components from precursor minerals or fluids. The alteration of other phases such as plagioclase and titanomagnetite provides components for formation of phyllosilicates. The degree of alteration in the basalts is mainly controlled by fluid/rock ratios, which in turn are determined by rock permeability.
Download or read book Mineralogical Studies of the Hydrothermal Alteration of Basalts from Hole 504B DSDP Leg 83 written by Philip Randolph Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hydrothermal Alteration of Oceanic Basalts by Seawater written by Susan Elizabeth Humphris and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography and Index of Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hydrothermal Alteration of Oceanic Basalts by Seawater written by and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants OCE-74-2297l and DES-75-l6596.
Download or read book Petrologic Variations Within Submarine Basalt Pillows of the South Pacific Antarctic Ocean written by Theodore Phillip Paster and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemistry of submarine basalts has been used in upper mantle petrogenesis models but criteria for selecting fresh, representative samples and an understanding of within-specimen variations are vague. In an effort to define alteration criteria, variations in the mineralogical, chemical and magnetic parameters of one alkalic and eight tholeiitic basalt pillows from abyssal hills in eight widely scattered localities of the Southern Ocean have been studied from glass rim to aphanitic interior. These variations are related to primary cooling (quenching ane deuteric alteration) and secondary alteration (hydration and recrystallization). Four texturally gradational zones are defined from glass rim inward: hydrated glass, unhydrated glass, "variolitic" zone, and aphanitic zone. This transition occurs through a minimum thickness of three centimeters. These zones are also characterized by low intensity of magnetization (J) and low susceptibility (c.g.s. units) in the glass (no opaques), high J and susceptibility in the variolitic zone (very minute opaques), and medium J and susceptibility in the aphanitic basalt (opagues larger than single domain size). Deuteric alteration affects the intensity and coercivity of the basalts. Vesicularity in the eight tholeiites does not exceed 3% at depths greater than 3200 meters which is consistent with physico-chemical data. Three types of alteration are common: (1) glass hydration (>2.0% total H2O) resulting in loss of magnesium and calcium and increase of total iron ferric/ferrous ratio, and potassium; (2) serpentinization adjacent to joints and fractures; and (3) higher temperature deuteric alteration in the aphanitic zone causing depletion of magnesium and total iron as FeO (up to 2.0 wt. percent of rock). The iron migrates to joints where it is oxidized and made available in significant quantities for redeposition in iron-rich sediments and ferro-manganese concretions.
Download or read book Low Temperature Alteration of the Ocean Crust written by Jill Lynn Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mid ocean Ridge Basalts written by John Burt Corliss and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Exchange Between Sea Water and Basalt During the Hydrothermal Alteration of the Oceanic Crust written by Michael James Mottl and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biotic Alteration of Oceanic Basalt Glass written by Megan R. Drinnan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subsurface microbial biosphere in the igneous oceanic crust has implications for global geochemical cycling, early life on Earth, and the search for life on Mars. Microscopic evidence of a subsurface microbial ecosystem includes biotic alteration textures associated with basaltic glass. The exact conditions in the basaltic layer that make this a viable ecosystem remain unknown. Geologic investigations rely on the principle that the present is the key to the past and therefore the conditions evident in rocks today can be used to elucidate conditions occurring over time. The application of this principle to basaltic rocks sampled from the modern ocean containing biotic alteration textures is the primary objective of this study. This study is a global investigation into the relationship between the morphology of biotic alteration and its abundance in the ocean crust and the environmental conditions associated with the host rocks. The Ocean Drilling Program and the Deep Sea Drilling program provided subseafloor basaltic glass samples used in this study. The unique morphologies of the biotic alteration textures present were identified using a classification system and the abundance of biotic alteration was estimated as a percent of the total alteration present in the samples. Nine distinctive textures were selected for correlation with five environmental parameters including sample age, sample depth in basalt, overlying sediment thickness, temperature, and secondary mineralogy. These parameters served as proxies for the environment associated with biotic alteration such as oxidizing conditions, fluid flow, pH, and temperature tolerances for microbial growth. Preliminary results indicated the abundance and the frequency of biotic alteration textures varied with the environmental conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the strength and direction of the variation between the biotic alteration and environmental parameters. I found that several biotic alteration textures and biotic alteration abundance had statistically significant correlations with sample age, sample depth into basalt, temperature, and some secondary minerals. The subseafloor biosphere is a complex environment influenced by many variables. This investigation into how the evidence of biotic alteration preserved in basaltic glass varies with the environmental conditions represents a step towards understanding the dynamics of the ecosystem in the ocean crust.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the fields of geoscience. It is subdivided into three parts: - theoretical and experimental principles; - fractionation mechanisms of light elements; - the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In this updated 4th edition many of the chapters have been expanded, especially those on techniques and environmental aspects. The main focus is on recent results and new developments. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary reference with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.
Download or read book Lithium Isotopes written by Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes. Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase. We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation. We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater δ7Li. These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales. The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
Download or read book Fluids in the Crust written by K. Shmulovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-12-31 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of the 20th century, scientific contacts between the Soviet Union and western countries were few and far between, and often super ficial. In earth sciences, ideas and data were slow to cross the Iron Curtain, and there was considerable mutual mistrust of diverging scient ific philosophies. In geochemistry, most western scientists were slow to appreciate the advances being made in the Soviet Union by os. Korz hinskii, who put the study of ore genesis on a rigorous thermodynamic basis as early as the 1930s. Korzhinskii appreciated that the most fun damental requirement for the application of quantitative models is data on mineral and fluid behaviour at the elevated pressures and temper atures that occur in the Earth's crust. He began the work at the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy (IEM) in 1965, and it became a separate establishment of the Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka in 1969. The aim was to initiate a major programme of high P-T experimental studies to apply physical chemistry and thermodynamics to resolving geological problems. For many years, Chernogolovka was a closed city, and western scient ists were unable to visit the laboratories, but with the advent of peres troika in 1989, the first groups of visitors were eagerly welcomed to the IEM. What they found was an experimental facility on a massive scale, with 300 staff, including 80 researchers and most of the rest pro viding technical support.
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Download or read book Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks written by Brian Evans and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-08-04 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This festschrift, compiled from the symposium held in honor of W.F. Brace, is a timely overview of fault mechanics and transport properties of rock. State-of-the-art research is presented by internationally recognized experts, who highlight developments in this contemporary area of study subsequent to Bill Brace's pioneering work. Key Features* The strength of brittle rocks* The effects of stress and stress-induced damage on physical properties of rock* Permeability and fluid flow in rocks* The strength of rocks and tectonic processes
Download or read book US Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Core log Integration written by Peter K. Harvey and published by Geological Society Publishing House. This book was released on 1998 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses some of the problems of core-log integration encountered by scientists and engineers from both industry and academia. Core and log measurements provide crucial information about subsurface formations. Their usage, either for integration or calibration, is complicated by the different measurement methods employed, different volumes of formation analysed and, in turn, the heterogeneity of the formations. While the problems of comparing core and log data are only too well known, the way in which these data can be most efficiently combined is not at all clear in most cases. In recent years there has been increased interest in this problem, both in industry and academia, due to developments in technology which offer access to new types of information and, in the case of industry, pressure for improved reservoir models and hydrocarbon recovery. The application of new numerical methods for analysing and modelling core and log data, the availability of core scanning facilities, and novel core measurements in both two and three dimensions, currently provide a framework for the development of new and exciting approaches to core-log integration. The contributions within Core-Log Integration geologically range from hydrocarbon-bearing sediments in the North Sea to the volcanic rocks that form the upper part of the oceanic crust.
