Download or read book Human T cell leukemia virus 1 HTLV 1 infection associated pathology and response of the host written by Roberto S. Accolla and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Pathology of HTLV 1 written by Umberto Bertazzoni and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered, in 1980, by Gallo and co-workers. About 5-10% of HTLV-1-infected individuals are at risk of developing either a fatal malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or a chronic neuroinflammatory syndrome, HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both diseases are incurable at present. Many issues concerning HTLV-1’s life cycle and pathobiology are still unsolved or controversial, and new approaches for prognostic stratification of patients and eradication of HTLV-1 infection are in high demand. In this Research Topic, the focus has been centered on discussing two main themes: the functional analysis and oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 regulatory proteins and the control of HTLV-1-associated diseases. The 22 articles in this eBook cover many different aspects of HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis, providing new perspectives and groundwork for future studies.
Download or read book The Host Immune Response to HTLV 1 Infection written by Sonja Tattermusch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong in the host. In ~4% of infected people, HTLV-1 causes a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is unknown and treatment remains ineffective. In this study we aimed to identify patterns in frequencies of peripheral leukocyte populations and blood gene expression profiles of HTLV-1 carriers that suggest new hypotheses as to the mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence and HAM/TSP pathology. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed abnormal activation and maturation profiles of effector T cells but not antigen-presenting cells. High frequencies of circulating granzyme and perforin-rich CD8+ T cells were associated with an increased probability of HAM/TSP. However, the cytolytic capacity of these T cells is not known as although they accumulated cytolytic proteins, granzyme mRNA levels were down-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP. Furthermore, presence of HAM/TSP was associated with an expansion of CD56-negative NK cells, which are thought to have decreased cytolytic functions. Blood gene expression profiles identified perturbations of the p53 signalling pathway as a hallmark of HTLV-1 infection. In contrast, a subset of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes was over-expressed in patients with HAM/TSP but not in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers or patients with the clinically similar disease multiple sclerosis. The IFN-inducible signature was present in all circulating leukocytes and its intensity correlated with the clinical severity of HAM/TSP. Leukocytes from patients with HAM/TSP were primed to respond strongly to stimulation with exogenous IFN. However, while type I IFN suppressed expression of the HTLV-1 structural protein Gag it failed to suppress the highly immunogenic viral transcriptional transactivator Tax. Based on our findings we hypothesise that impaired NK cell and T cell-mediated immune responses result in high HTLV-1 proviral loads but that the over-expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes contributes to the development of HAM/TSP.
Download or read book Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1), is a retrovirus which causes lifelong infection in humans. Infection is sometimes asymptomatic, but chronic infection causes a spectrum of various clinical syndromes, the severe ones being an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a progressive neurological condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. This Technical report on HTLV-1 captures the epidemiological status and management approaches for HTLV-1 virus infection and the diseases it causes. It presents best practice approaches and research evidence on how countries have addressed HTLV-1 so far. Prior to this report the WHO undertook consultations with member states and partners. Few public health measures have been implemented on a global scale to prevent infection with HTLV-1 or its consequences, or to manage ATL and HAM/TSP. Current evidence from countries suggests that more concerted global public health actions in containing this infectious disease can be implemented via integrated approach in the existing country programmes of STIs and HIV prevention and control. These include ongoing monitoring and surveillance of the virus. Blood testing at transfusion clinics, cessation of breast feeding, and partner testing and condom promotion are useful prevention strategies. Testing and treatment methods need new innovations with better technology to improve performance and efficacy. This report is a tool towards improving HTLV-1 prevention and control and reducing morbidity and mortality due to the virus.
Download or read book Molecular Mimicry Infection Inducing Autoimmune Disease written by Michael B. A. Oldstone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Text will follow)
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Download or read book Two Decades of Adult T cell Leukemia and HTLV I Research written by Kazuo Sugamura and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2003 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 2001, the Japanese Cancer Association was privileged to host a symposium in Kyoto to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the viral pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In this monograph, the editors have selected not only papers presented at the symposium but also eminent papers of several individuals from around the world who have extensively researched human T-cell-leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), the etiological virus of ATL, over the years. During the last two decades, HTLV-I was molecularly characterized as harboring a variety of oncogenic properties in its Tax protein. Epidemiological studies not only revealed the existence of HTLV-I-endemic areas in the world, but also disclosed the routes of transmission. Despite these great strides, the mechanisms of ATL development have not yet been fully clarified, and viable therapeutic measures are still to be established. This monograph contains recent exciting achievements in molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology and therapeutic trials as well as historical profiles of HTLV-I and HTLV-I-associated diseases.
Download or read book Comparative studies between HTLV 1 and HTLV 2 function and pathobiology written by Umberto Bertazzoni and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) share a common genetic organization, expression strategy and ability to infect and immortalize T-cells in vitro; however, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are strikingly different in terms of clinical impact. HTLV-1 is recognized as the aetiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-associated myeolopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), in contrast, HTLV-2 does not cause hematologic disorders and is only sporadically associated with cases of subacute myelopathy. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 also exhibit distinct cellular tropisms in vivo: HTLV-1 is mainly found in CD4+T lymphocytes, whereas CD8+T-cells are the preferred target for HTLV-2. The articles contributed in this Research Topic are covering all the different aspects that characterize HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, by highlighting differences in their biology that might provide clues to their distinct pathogenic properties.
Download or read book Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation written by Hillard M. Lazarus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the original publication of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) has undergone several fast-paced changes. In this second edition, the editors have focused on topics relevant to evolving knowledge in the field in order to better guide clinicians in decision-making and management of their patients, as well as help lead laboratory investigators in new directions emanating from clinical observations. Some of the most respected clinicians and scientists in this discipline have responded to the recent advances in the field by providing state-of-the-art discussions addressing these topics in the second edition. The text covers the scope of human genomic variation, the methods of HLA typing and interpretation of high-resolution HLA results. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Second Edition offers concise advice on today's best clinical practice and will be of significant benefit to all clinicians and researchers in allogeneic HSC transplantation.
Download or read book The Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas written by Owen A. O'Connor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS Provides a comprehensive look at Peripheral T-Cell lymphomas, including the group’s unique geographic distribution, underlying genetics, and novel treatments Peripheral T-Cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a diverse group of lymphoid malignancies that develop from mature T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. PTCL represent 10-15% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the US, and up to 20-25% of cases in South America, Asia, and other regions around the world. The role of different etiologic factors and the variation of geographic distribution makes PTCL one of the most difficult types of cancer to understand and treat. For the first time in a single volume, The Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas presents a comprehensive survey of this complex and rare group of blood cancers. Featuring contributions from an international team of leading authorities in the various aspects of PTCL, this authoritative text covers biology, epidemiology, classification, approved and emerging drugs, molecular genetics, and more. Detailed clinical chapters address diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of each of the major PTCL subtypes identified in the 2018 WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. This much-needed resource: Covers the biological basis, epidemiology, classification, and treatment of PTCL Discusses the future of the field, including global collaboration efforts and novel approaches to PCTL Explores the role of biologics in PTCL and autologous and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation Offers new insights on molecular pathogenesis, innovative therapeutics, and novel drug combinations Features contributions from the Chairs The T-Cell Lymphoma Forum: the world’s largest meeting focused on PTCL Reflecting the unique epidemiology and genetic diversity of the PTCL, The Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas is an indispensable source of data, insight, and references for the medical community, particularly oncologists and hematologists in both training and practice.
Download or read book Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I written by Per Höllsberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-12-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HTLV is made up of any of several retroviruses including the retrovirus known as AIDS. Devoted to the rapidly growing field of HTLV, this book explores the many different aspects of the virus.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Monocyte Depletion and CD4 T cell Persistence During Human T cell Leukemia Virus Infection written by Alexandre Sze and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered in 1980. It is the causal agent of two well characterized human diseases, Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Few treatment options have been developed for ATL and HAM/TSP; the median survival times for ATL remains under a year, and treatment options of HAM/TSP remain palliative in nature. Thankfully the incidence of disease in HTLV-1 infected patients is relatively low, with only approximately 5% of individuals developing ATL and 2% HAM/TSP. One major obstacle in the development of effective therapies is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that determine HTLV-1 associated pathology. The route of transmission, contaminated breast milk and blood, almost exclusively lead to ATL or HAM/TSP development respectively, but it is unclear as to why. This suggests that the early events of HTLV-1 infection may be key in discerning pathological outcomes. Unfortunately this time point is understudied, in part due to the fact that de novo infection is asymptomatic. The activity of cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes seems to be vital in controlling viral replication, and is likely a key determinant in disease progression. We thus set out to study the early events of HTLV-1 infection in two important immunologically relevant peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, monocytes and CD4+ T-cells. HTLV-1 infection of primary human monocytes resulted in the depletion of this cell type. This was not mediated by viral accessory proteins, as host restriction factor SAMHD1 prevented the completion of reverse transcription. The DNA by-products of this inhibition induced a potent STING-mediated immunological response, that triggered Bax and IRF3 activation and complex formation that led to apoptosis. Infection of activated CD4+ T-cells on the other hand, resulted in persistent cellular survival. This was mediated by the viral accessory protein Tax, known to have oncogenic properties. Tax expression activated the AKT pathway, which resulted in the inactivation of the pro-apoptotic FOXO3a transcription factor. This led to the long-term survival of an activated CD4+ T-cell population that was capable of viral transmission. Overall this work has demonstrated the molecular consequences of HTLV-1 infection in two important cell types, monocytes and CD4+ T-cells. These events likely shape the subsequent immunological events that control viral replication and likely influence HTLV-1 disease pathology." --
Download or read book Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens written by Moulay Mustapha Ennaji and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens, Volume Two presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control. Covers most emerging viral disease in humans, animals and plants Provides the most advanced tools and techniques in molecular virology and the modeling of viruses Creates awareness that the appearance of new transmissible pathogens is a global risk Highlights the need to adopt shared policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases
Download or read book Human T cell Leukemia lymphoma Virus HTLV January 1982 Through September 1984 234 Citations written by Charlotte Kenton and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human T Lymphotropic Virus HTLV New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in a compact format. The editors have built Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Cytokine Storm Syndrome written by Randy Q. Cron and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytokine Storm Syndromes, including HLH and MAS, are frequently fatal disorders, particularly if not recognized early and treated during presentation. The genetics of Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being defined with many of the risk alleles giving rise to mutations in the perforin-mediated cytolytic pathway used by CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. These are being studied using murine models. Up to 10% of the general population may carry risk alleles for developing Cytokine Storm Syndromes, and Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being increasingly recognized around the world in pediatric and adult hospitals. A variety of infectious, rheumatic, and oncologic triggers are commonly associated with Cytokine Storm Syndromes, but understanding this disorder is critical for all researchers and physicians to ensure timely and appropriate therapy. This textbook, the first of its kind, addresses all aspects of the disorder – from genetics, pathophysiology, and ongoing research, to clinical presentations, risk factors, and treatment.
Download or read book Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Basic Leucine Zipper Factor HBZ Modulates Cellular DNA Damage Repair and Antioxidant Responses to Promote Host Cell Survival and Leukemogenesis written by Amanda W Rushing and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately twenty million people worldwide are infected with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 establishes a life-long, chronic infection which can result in the development of severe HTLV-1 associated diseases: Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). ATL is a fatally-aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T-cells. HAM/TSP is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that greatly reduces quality of life. There exists a distinct lack of effective vaccine and therapeutic options for both ATL and HAM/TSP patients. Though the mechanisms that drive HTLV-1 pathogenesis remain poorly understood, extensive study of the virus has revealed the importance of two viral regulatory proteins in disease progression: Tax and HBZ. Tax is a transcriptional regulator which is important for establishing initial infection; however, Tax is highly immunogenic and stimulates a robust antiviral immune response. To evade immune detection, HTLV-1 host cells often silence Tax expression through the transcriptionally repressive activity of the basic leucine zipper factor HBZ. HBZ is expressed throughout all phases of infection and plays important roles in maintaining host cell survival and clonal expansion. HBZ expression is sufficient to induce ATL-like disease progression in in vivo models, supporting its contribution to leukemogenesis in patients. Here, we report novel functions of HBZ that may promote the long-term survival of infected lymphocytes, including the direct upregulation of antioxidant response gene expression, the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and the prevention of oxidative stress-induced cell death. We also evaluated the contribution of HBZ to the accumulation of genetic abnormalities which may promote leukemogenesis. Here, we report that HBZ contributes to genetic instability by affecting the double-stranded DNA damage repair system non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), possibly through specific interactions with DNA repair proteins. These findings support the role of HBZ in promoting leukemogenesis through the accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities which arise from double-stranded DNA breaks. Together, the data presented here indicate that HBZ is an important driving force in the prolonged survival and transformation of HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes.
