Download or read book Human papillomavirus HPV nucleic acid amplification tests NAATs to screen for cervical pre cancer lesions and prevent cervical cancer written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this publication, recommendations for the Use of dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive test for human papillomavirus (HPV) are presented. Dual-stain cytology can be used as a triage test in cervical “screen, triage and treat" algorithms for cancer prevention. It is performed on liquid-based cytology (LBC) slides (not on conventional Pap smears) to detect the presence of two proteins: p16 and Ki-67. Recommendation for the general population of women: In a screen, triage and treat approach using HPV Nucleic Acid Tests (NATs) as the primary screening test among the general population of women, WHO suggests using partial genotyping, colposcopy, VIA, cytology or dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive HPV NATs result. When providing dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive HPV NAT, WHO suggests: using samples collected by the health worker; and retesting with HPV NATs 24 months after a negative dual-stain cytology result. These are conditional recommendations based on low-certainty evidence for dual-stain cytology as a triage test. No recommendation was made for using dual-stain cytology to triage women living with HIV after a positive HPV DNA test, because evidence on the outcomes of using dual-stain cytology applicable to this population was minimal.
Download or read book WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This current guideline delivers the initial output of the second phase of the guideline update: recommendations for the use of HPV mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) tests for screening to detect cervical pre-cancer and prevent cervical cancer.
Download or read book Laboratory and point of care diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infections including HIV written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO laboratory manual provides microbiologists and medical technologists with an up-to- date comprehensive guide on how to isolate, detect, and diagnose STIs, including HIV. The scope of the manual has been expanded to include chapters on the use of molecular tests, rapid point-of-care tests, and quality management of diagnostic tests and hence the manual will also be of interest to STI and HIV programme managers and clinical staff.
Download or read book Noncommunicable Diseases written by Nick Banatvala and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium introduces readers to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) – what they are, their burden, their determinants and how they can be prevented and controlled. Focusing on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and their five shared main risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution) as defined by the United Nations, this book provides a synopsis of one of the world’s biggest challenges of the 21st century. NCDs prematurely claim the lives of millions of people across the world every year, with untold suffering to hundreds of millions more, trapping many people in poverty and curtailing economic growth and sustainable development. While resources between and within countries largely differ, the key principles of surveillance, prevention and management apply to all countries, as does the need to focus resources on the most cost-effective and affordable interventions and the need for strong political will, sufficient resources, and sustained and broad partnerships. This compendium consists of 59 short and accessible chapters in six sections: (i) describing and measuring the burden and impact of NCDs; (ii) the burden, epidemiology and priority interventions for individual NCDs; (iii) social determinants and risk factors for NCDs and priority interventions; (iv) global policy; (v) cross-cutting issues; and (vi) stakeholder action. Drawing on the expertise of a large and diverse team of internationally renowned policy and academic experts, the book describes the key epidemiologic features of NCDs and evidence-based interventions in a concise manner that will be useful for policymakers across all parts of society, as well as for public health and clinical practitioners.
Download or read book Introducing and scaling up testing for human papillomavirus as part of a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of cervical cancer written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-11-16 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This WHO and HRP guideline is designed to help countries make faster progress, more equitably, on the screening and treatment of cervical cancer. It includes some important shifts in WHO’s recommended approaches to cervical screening, and includes a total of 23 recommendations and 7 good practice statements. Among the 23 recommendations, 6 are identical for both the general population of women and for women living with HIV and 12 are different and specific for each population. Among the 7 good practice statements, 3 are identical for both the general population of women and for women living with HIV and 2 are different and specific for each population.
Download or read book Human Papillomaviruses and Cervical Cancer written by Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains twelve articles which explore the epidemiology of HPV, testing strategies for HPV infections, new HPV detection methods and other potential biomarkers that might prove useful in cervical cancer diagnosis. This book includes articles which address the research on biomarkers for cervical cancer.
Download or read book Screening for Cervical Cancer written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, carcinoma of the cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women. In the U.S. in 2010, approximately 12,200 women were expected to be diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 4,210 women were expected to die. Assuming no change in risk, approximately 0.68% of women born today will be diagnosed with cervical cancer at some time during their lifetime, and the risk of dying from the disease is 0.24%. The incidence of cervical cancer and associated mortality have both decreased by over 40% since 1973. These declines are largely attributable to the success of mass screening using the Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology test to diagnose premalignant or early-stage disease. The decrease in invasive cervical cancer incidence and mortality since the introduction of this test has been so dramatic that it is one of the few interventions to receive an “A” recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Despite the impact of cytology-based screening, there is still uncertainty about the details of cytology test performance, with specific concerns surrounding the poor sensitivity of cytology for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3. Efforts to improve cytology test performance have focused on reducing the number of false-negative smears; that is, cases in which premalignant or malignant cells are not diagnosed either because of sampling error (failure to place abnormal cells on the slide) or detection error (abnormal cells are misdiagnosed as normal). The human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test is currently recommended for use in cervical cancer screening. In the U.S., peak incidence and prevalence of HPV infection occur among women younger than age 25 years, but most infections in younger women are transient. HPV infections in older women are much less prevalent, but may carry a higher risk of progression to cervical neoplasia. As such, the American Cancer Society currently recommends that HPV testing be limited to women aged 30 years and older as part of a strategy of combination screening with cytology. In its previous recommendations, the USPSTF concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against the routine use of HPV testing as a screening test for cervical cancer, although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of HPV DNA testing for triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or in conjunction with cytology for women aged 30 years or older. Quantifying the harms and benefits of HPV testing in order to inform any changes to the existing recommendations is one focus of this report. For the purposes of this report, HPV testing refers to use of the HC2 test only. Other questions addressed in this report include the optimal ages at which to begin and end screening, as well as the interval at which screening should be conducted. Currently, the USPSTF recommends that women begin screening within 3 years of onset of sexual activity or at age 21 years (whichever comes first), and that screening be conducted at least every 3 years. In terms of the age at which to end screening, the USPSTF recommendation states that screening should not be routinely recommended for women aged 65 years or older who have a history of normal Pap tests and are not otherwise at high risk for cervical cancer. Despite these recommendations, the summary states that direct evidence to estimate the optimal starting and stopping age and interval for screening is limited. This report summarizes the results from a decision analysis conducted using a previously developed and validated cervical cancer decision model. The Duke Cervical Cancer model was originally developed as part of a review of new screening technologies for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The model has been used to estimate the effectiveness of new screening technologies in a number of different settings and populations.
Download or read book Prophylaxis and Early Detection of HPV related Neoplasia written by Herbert Pfister and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a heterogeneous and still growing virus family. Topical research results on the replication cycle and carcinogenic mechanisms allow a better understanding of current prevention strategies. Written by leading experts, this volume of Monographs in Virology provides up-to-date information on the prevention of papillomavirus-induced cancers by prophylactic antiviral vaccines and early detection of precancerous lesions. A major section covers the tremendous clinical burden due to HPV infections: genital warts and laryngeal papillomas, the most notorious cervical cancer, but also further anogenital and tonsillar cancer, the incidence of which increased steeply during the last decades. Additionally, a section on prevention addresses the subject cytology - new concepts of biomarker development, detection of HPV DNA and RNA as well as their use in primary screening for early detection of precancerous lesions. Finally the book closes with a topical discussion of the most intriguing primary prevention of HPV infection by vaccination. As new perspectives for the prevention of HPV-related neoplasia raised great public interest, this book will be of value to clinicians and practitioners in gynecology, dermatology, urology and ENT, to pathologists, laboratory physicians, medical students, and public health authorities.
Download or read book Human Papillomaviruses and Carcinoma cervix Newer tools for screening and detection of HPVs written by Pradyot Prakash and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO technical guidance and specifications of medical devices for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions in the prevention of cervical cancer written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-05-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus written by N. Muñoz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of sensitive molecular biological methods for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in epidemiological studies has produced convincing evidence that this virus plays a causal role in cervical cancer. This volume reviews the traditional and molecular epidemiological evidence, and the natural history of HPV infection. The various methods for type-specific detection of HPV are examined, as well as methods for identifying the presence of other sexually transmitted agents that have been postulated at various times as having a role. Applications of the knowledge of the importance of HPV in cervical cancer etiology that are discussed include use of detection of the virus in screening for women at risk of the cancer, and also in determining suitable clinical treatment of women with suspected precancerous lesions.
Download or read book Cervical Cancer written by Dr Tay Sun Kuie and published by Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cervical Cancer Prevention and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines written by Eduardo L. Franco and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue includes in-depth review articles on the biology, prevention and public health issues related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. It also includes a historical account of the impressive multidisciplinary effort made to develop the new vaccination that has the potential to prevent cervical cancer throughout the world. Written by some of the world's most influential scientists and clinicians in these fields, the articles cover - the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of HPV carcinogenicity - the epidemiology of HPV infection and HPV-associated benign and malignant diseases - laboratory methods for the diagnosis of HPV infection and HPV-associated precancerous lesions - the most recent findings from clinical trials of both prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccination - current public health issues such as the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination and the integration of HPV vaccination into existing cervical cancer screening programs - the ethical question of who to vaccinate. This special issue will be of great interest to anyone working in fields of research, clinical practice or public health related to sexually-transmitted diseases and cancer prevention, particularly those specialized in cervical cancer control.
Download or read book The Comparative Effectiveness of Cytology Testing and HPV DNA Testing Based Primary Screening Pathways within a Cervical Screening Program written by Patrick Kimuyu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literature Review from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Diagnostics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Primary screening of cervical cancer has been faced with an array of challenges which are attributable to the lack of appropriate technology. These challenges compromised the effectiveness of screening programs in different countries. It is apparent that the detection of cervical cancer precursors forms the basis for the success of screening programs for cervical cancer leading to the reduction of cervical cancer incidence and prevalence trends. Currently, there are two diagnostic methods that can be used for primary screening of cervical cancer: Pap cytology and HPV DNA test. However, the comparative effectiveness of this diagnostic tests indicate that HPV test is more effective than Pap cytology which is used as a first-line diagnostic method in cervical cancer prevention programs in many countries. Cytology testing and HPV testing differ significantly on the level of accuracy and sensitivity. Evidence studies indicate that HPV test exhibits high sensitivity and accuracy compared to Pap test. In a publicly-financed healthcare system such as the US, Canadian and EU, HPV testing has been proven to be more cost-effective than Pap test. Therefore, there is need to adopt HPV test for triage and primary screening.
