Download or read book Human Capital and Poverty Alleviation written by Gary Stanley Becker and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poverty Alleviation and Human Resources Development written by Lorraine Corner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the usefulness of the Thuman resources development strategy for development' programme which attempts to balance the supply and demand factors in human resources in the elimination of poverty in developing countries. Working Paper No. 90/6 in the Centre's series.

Download or read book The Human Capital Index 2020 Update written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—is a central driver of sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and successful societies. More human capital is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. Much of the hard-won human capital gains in many economies over the past decade is at risk of being eroded by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Urgent action is needed to protect these advances, particularly among the poor and vulnerable. Designing the needed interventions, targeting them to achieve the highest effectiveness, and navigating difficult trade-offs make investing in better measurement of human capital now more important than ever. The Human Capital Index (HCI)—launched in 2018 as part of the Human Capital Project—is an international metric that benchmarks the key components of human capital across economies. The HCI is a global effort to accelerate progress toward a world where all children can achieve their full potential. Measuring the human capital that children born today can expect to attain by their 18th birthdays, the HCI highlights how current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of workers and underscores the importance of government and societal investments in human capital. The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19 presents the first update of the HCI, using health and education data available as of March 2020. It documents new evidence on trends, examples of successes, and analytical work on the utilization of human capital. The new data—collected before the global onset of COVID-19—can act as a baseline to track its effects on health and education outcomes. The report highlights how better measurement is essential for policy makers to design effective interventions and target support. In the immediate term, investments in better measurement and data use will guide pandemic containment strategies and support for those who are most affected. In the medium term, better curation and use of administrative, survey, and identification data can guide policy choices in an environment of limited fiscal space and competing priorities. In the longer term, the hope is that economies will be able to do more than simply recover lost ground. Ambitious, evidence-driven policy measures in health, education, and social protection can pave the way for today’s children to surpass the human capital achievements and quality of life of the generations that preceded them.

Download or read book The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human Capital written by Pablo Acosta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the impact of remittances on poverty, education, and health in 11 Latin American countries using nationally representative household surveys and making an explicit attempt to account for one of the inherent costs associated with migration -- the potential income that the migrant may have made at home. The main findings of the study are the following: (1) regardless of the counterfactual used remittances appear to lower poverty levels in most recipient countries; (2) yet despite this general tendency, the estimated impacts tend to be modes; and (3) there is significant country heterogeneity in the poverty reduction impact of remittances' flows. Among the aspects that have been identified in the paper that may lead to varying outcomes across countries are the percentage of households reporting remittances income, the share of remittances of recipient households belonging to the lowest quintiles of the income distribution, and the relative importance of remittances flows with respect to GDP. While remittances tend to have positive effects on education and health, this impact is often restricted to specific groups of the population.

Download or read book Does Human Capital Matter for FDI s Effect on Poverty in LDCs written by Ahmad Walid Afzali and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very few empirical studies have attempted to study the impact of foreign direct investment and its interaction with human capital on poverty alleviation in developing countries. This paper attempts to fill this gap and contribute to the literature on FDI, human capital and poverty by not only disentangling the effects of FDI on poverty but also examining this effect in the presence of human capital.

Download or read book Poverty Reduction and Growth written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "That raising income levels alleviates poverty, and that economic growth can be more or less effective in doing so, is well known and has received renewed attention in the search for pro-poor growth. What is less well explored is the reverse channel: that poverty may, in fact, be part of the reason for a country's poor growth performance. This more elabborated view of the development process opens the door to the existence of vicious circles in which low growth results in high poverty and high poverty in turn results in low growth. Poverty Reduction and Growth is about the existence of these vicious circles in Latin America and the Caribbean about the ways and means to convert them into virtuous circles in which poverty reduction and high growth reinforce each other. Through its analysis of fresh data and the attention it pays to issues such as the persistent inequality in the region, the role played by various microdeterminants of income, and the potential existence of human capital underinvestment traps, this title should be a valuable contribution to the current regional debate on poverty and growth, a debate that is critical to the design of policies conducive to enhancing welfare in all is dimensions among the poor of Latin America and the Caribbean."

Download or read book The Long Run Impacts of Place based Poverty Alleviation written by Shu Xu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the long-run economic consequences of a place-based poverty alleviation program in China on individuals' human capital investment and labor market performance. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find a strong, positive causal relationship between povertyalleviation and education, especially for middle school. This is caused by the increases in rural household income and public expenditures on education. Meanwhile, there is a negative causal relationship between poverty alleviation and high school due to opportunity cost and local labor demand shock. Labor market performance, in terms of labor participation and occupation quality, has also been improved by the poverty alleviation program. Finally, we find strong heterogeneous effects across gender and family background. This paper generates important policy implications in achieving gender equality and human capital accumulation in developing countries.

Download or read book Human Capital versus Basic Income written by Fabian A Borges and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America underwent two major transformations during the 2000s: the widespread election of left-leaning presidents (the so-called left turn) and the diffusion of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)—innovative social programs that award regular stipends to poor families on the condition that their children attend school. Combining cross-national quantitative research covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models for Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America challenges the conventional wisdom that these two transformations were unrelated. In this book, author Fabián A. Borges demonstrates that this ideology greatly influenced both the adoption and design of CCTs. There were two distinct models of CCTs: a “human capital” model based on means-tested targeting and strict enforcement of program conditions, exemplified by the program launched by Mexico’s right, and a more universalistic “basic income” model with more permissive enforcement of conditionality, exemplified by Brazil’s program under Lula. These two models then spread across the region. Whereas right and center governments, with assistance from international financial institutions, enacted CCTs based on the human capital model, the left, with assistance from Brazil, enacted CCTs based on the basic income model. The existence of two distinct types of CCTs and their relation to ideology is supported by quantitative analyses covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research in three countries. Left-wing governments operate CCTs that cover more people and spend more on those programs than their center or right-wing counterparts. Beyond coverage, a subsequent analysis of the 10 national programs adopted after Lula’s embrace of CCTs confirms that program design—evaluated in terms of scope of the target population, strictness of conditionality enforcement, and stipend structure—is shaped by government ideology. This finding is then fleshed out through case studies of the political processes that culminated in the adoption of basic income CCTs by left-wing governments in Argentina and Bolivia and a human capital CCT by a centrist president in Costa Rica.

Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.

Download or read book Migration Remittances Poverty and Human Capital written by David McKenzie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews common challenges faced by researchers interested in measuring the impact of migration and remittances on income, poverty, inequality, and human capital (or, in general, "welfare") as well as difficulties confronting development practitioners in converting this research into policy advice. On the analytical side, the paper discusses the proper formulation of a research question, the choice of the analytical tools, as well as the interpretation of the results in the presence of pervasive endogeneity in all decisions surrounding migration. Particular attention is given to the use of instrumental variables in migration research. On the policy side, the paper argues that the private nature of migration and remittances implies a need to carefully spell out the rationale for interventions. It also notices the lack of good migration data and proper evaluations of migration-related government policies. The paper focuses mainly on microeconomic evidence about international migration, but much of the discussion extends to other settings as well.

Download or read book Human Capital Development and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria written by Kayode Asaju and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Capital development through education is a long time investment made by the state to enhance the well being of her citizenry. By investing in education, well educated individuals bring to bear their talents, knowledge, skills and experiences as they function in the various sectors of the economy. Human Capital development is therefore a prerequisite for economic growth and development, as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for poverty reduction in Nigeria. Unfortunately, successive governments in Nigeria have continued to pay lip services to the issue of investment in education. The author is of the view that poverty is synonymous with underdevelopment. Therefore, investing in human capital through education is the best strategy for overcoming the developmental challenges in the country, especially poverty reduction. This will be achieved by ensuring an effective educational system that is well funded, equipped, science and technology focused, dynamic, and innovative.

Download or read book Poor and the Human Rights written by M. L. Narasaiah and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UN Declaration on Human Rights has been fifty years old. A moment is needed to take stock and to look at the deficits which still exist in terms of human rights half a century later. The declaration of 1948 contains a comprehensive list of political, economic, social and cultural rights and aims at the protection of the freedom, equality, and human dignity of all human beings, irrespective of their race, gender, language or religion. Never before in history had there been such a far-reaching and solemn undertaking to protect each and every individual from all forms of oppression and deprivation. Two treaties adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966 translate the ideas of the Human Rights Declaration into binding international law, and a High Commissioner for Human Rights, an office created as a result of the UN Human Rights Conference in Vienna in 1993, has been put in charge of monitoring the human rights situation and coordinate UN action on it. Numerous human rights NGOs all over the world, most important among them Amnesty International, have established themselves as additional watchdogs to guard against human rights violations.

Download or read book Human capital and poverty reduction in Albania written by Meleq Hoxhaj and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 10, University Of Vlora Ismail Qemali, language: Albanian, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze poverty, human capital and the relationship between them in Albania. Poverty is among the main problems of the world economy and poverty reduction today is considered as the main objective of the new millennium. Poverty in Albania grew after the 1990s. We had the following years of poverty reduction, but in recent years, we have again a slight increase. When analyzing data from the World Bank and other sources by linear regression, it appears that the rate of enrollment in primary education has a negative effect on GDP per capita, while there are positive correlations for GDP per capita and the rate of enrollment in secondary education. This paper suggests that, in order to enable the reduction of poverty, we need a greater involvement of the poor in the economy and increase the quantity and quality of human capital in Albania.

Download or read book Health and Economic Growth written by Guillem López i Casasnovas and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international researchers offer theoretical and empirical microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives on the ways a population's health status affects a country's economic growth.

Download or read book Understanding Growth and Poverty written by Raj Nallari and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an understanding of economic policies for poverty reduction in developing countries. The policy areas include the various roles of government in ensuring the effective operation of a market economy, conducting fiscal policy, and influencing the money supply, exchange rates, and the financial sector.

Download or read book Framework for Establishing Priorities in a Country Poverty Reduction Strategy written by Ron Duncan and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the history & progress of understanding development theory over the past 50 years. Development thinking has evolved from an early paradigm that focused on savings & capital investment to subsequent arguments favoring the inclusion of human capital, policy, technical change, & finally to the inclusion of the role of institutions, & good governance. Secure property rights in the broadest sense, which are applicable to all resources & not just land, are particularly important to realize investment yield. This evolution of development thought describes a conceptual framework that can guide development practitioners in prioritizing, sequencing, & characterizing all interventions aimed at reducing poverty.

Download or read book Human Capital and Poverty in Pakistan written by Sharafat Ali and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of human capital (education and health) is recognized both in theoretical and empirical economic literature. Better education and health services enhance productivity and earnings of the workers. So the present study is an attempt to assess the impact of human capital in poverty alleviation. A cross-sectional data of 34 districts of Punjab province was used for the analysis. Three equations have been estimated by using the ordinary least square method. Education and health services are found to have poverty lessening impact in the economy. The results are statistically robust as adjudged by the R-squared and F-value. The error terms of the estimated models fulfill the standard OLS assumptions. It is suggested that imparting of knowledge, training and skills in the people empowers them. Improved human resources increase the productivity and earnings of the workers. Furthermore, improved human capital can play its role in reducing multidimensional poverty and its severity. The study suggests a substantial increase in education and health expenditure by the government. Proper campaign to increase the enrollment can be fruitful. Every born child has its basic right to obtain basic education and health services. Provision of education and health services can help the poor to break the vicious cycle of poverty.