Download or read book How Much of Observed Economic Mobility is Measurement Error IV Methods to Reduce Measurement Error Bias with an Application to Vietnam written by Paul Glewwe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poverty Reduction in the Course of African Development written by Machiko Nissanke and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the opportunities and the challenges facing African economies in the 21st century, this edited volume traces the evolution of poverty in the course of economic development in sub-Saharan Africa over the recent decades. By engaging with, and seeking to develop on, the work of Professor Erik Thorbecke, it examines the evolving dynamics of poverty in multiple dimensions. It also discusses how to lay down foundations for improved governance and institutions that will realize inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the volume contributes to our understanding of dynamics of pro-poor growth and pro-growth poverty reduction, and to the on-going policy and academic debates on how to overcome fragility and vulnerability and secure inclusive development through socio-economic transformation in sub-Saharan Africa. The volume is divided into four parts; two overview chapters in Part 1 set out a common theme running through the volume. Four chapters in Part II examine an evolution of the poverty profile in different dimensions in sub-Saharan Africa since the new millennium. Part III presents three country case studies of tracing poverty dynamics under a country-specific institutional and policy environment. Part IV consists of three chapters, each of which addresses the question of how to advance an inclusive development agenda in sub-Saharan Africa, but from three different perspectives: structural changes, a governance framework, and an institutional foundation.

Download or read book The Economics of Poverty written by Martin Ravallion and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An overview of the economic development of and policies intended to combat poverty around the world"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Why Poverty Persists written by Bob Baulch and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Poverty Persists significantly advances our understanding of the temporal dimensions of poverty. Its judicious mix of new evidence and improved methods offers new insights into why some people remain mired in poverty and the forces that keep them there. All those interested in combating poverty - academics, donors and those working in the non-governmental organizations - will learn from the carefully constructed African and Asian case studies presented. John Hoddinott, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, US Ten years ago Bob Baulch and John Hoddinott drew our attention to the phenomenon of poverty dynamics" - an insight into the unpredictability of poor peoples livelihoods that had profound implications for poverty thinking and policy, forcing a rethink of static conceptualisations and measurement and raising challenges for targeting anti-poverty programmes. In this new volume, Baulch and colleagues enrich this understanding with rigorous analysis of panel datasets from six countries in Africa and Asia. Most impressively, this illuminating collection by technical microeconometricians is equally accessible to non-technical readers, which effectively communicates its important messages to development policy-makers and practitioners. Stephen Devereux, University of Sussex, UK This volume on poverty dynamics in developing countries, whose authors include the leaders in this field, is a must for analysts and research students. It advances the literature by addressing three important issues - measurement error, attrition, and tracking. For each of these questions, the volume leads by example, showing how they can be handled in specific cases. The results show that escape from poverty is a diverse phenomenon, and establish the importance of country and context specificity. The volume provide an analytical platform for careful policy assessment of policy alternatives. Ravi Kanbur, Cornell University, US At the beginning of the 2000-2010 decade, Bob Baulch (with John Hoddinott) was setting the micro-econometric agenda on poverty dynamics and chronic poverty and producing work that "non-economists" had to read if they wanted to conduct serious research on these issues. In this volume - though his analytical excellence, the pursuit and methodological rigour, extraordinary energy, and his ability to lead such a distinguished network of colleagues - Bob Baulch has set the research agenda on poverty dynamics and chronic poverty for the next ten years. - From the foreword by David Hulme, University of Manchester,UK

Download or read book Employment and Development written by Gary S. Fields and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment and Development brings together the contributions of 2014 IZA Prize in Labor Economics award winner Gary S. Fields to address global employment and poverty problems. Most of the poor in developing countries live in households in which people work, but still they are poor because the best available work pays so little. Employment and Development: How Work Can Lead From and Into Poverty questions how economic growth affects standards of living, how labor markets work in developing countries, and how different labor market policies affect well-being. Through a collection of essays, this book tackles major questions in development and labor economics. Who benefits from economic growth and who is hurt by economic decline? Why are distributional factors and labor market conditions improving in some countries but not in others? How do developing countries' labor markets work? How would labor market conditions change if different policies were to be put into effect? What are the welfare consequences of these changes? Through distributional analysis, Fields examines inequality, poverty, income mobility, and economic well-being, and through analysis of changing labor market conditions he examines employment and unemployment, employment composition, and labor earnings. By concentrating on the poor and understanding how the labor markets work for them and how their labor market earnings might be raised in response to different policy interventions, Fields addresses questions of first-order importance for human well-being.

Download or read book Poverty in a Rising Africa written by Kathleen Beegle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions of Africa have changed dramatically. Viewed as a continent of wars, famines and entrenched poverty in the late 1990s, there is now a focus on “Africa rising†? and an “African 21st century.†? Two decades of unprecedented economic growth in Africa should have brought substantial improvements in well-being. Whether or not they did, remains unclear given the poor quality of the data, the nature of the growth process (especially the role of natural resources), conflicts that affect part of the region, and high population growth. Poverty in a Rising Africa documents the data challenges and systematically reviews the evidence on poverty from monetary and nonmonetary perspectives, as well as a focus on dimensions of inequality. Chapter 1 maps out the availability and quality of the data needed to track monetary poverty, reflects on the governance and political processes that underpin the current situation with respect to data production, and describes some approaches to addressing the data gaps. Chapter 2 evaluates the robustness of the estimates of poverty in Africa. It concludes that poverty reduction in Africa may be slightly greater than traditional estimates suggest, although even the most optimistic estimates of poverty reduction imply that more people lived in poverty in 2012 than in 1990. A broad-stroke profile of poverty and trends in poverty in the region is presented. Chapter 3 broadens the view of poverty by considering nonmonetary dimensions of well-being, such as education, health, and freedom, using Sen's (1985) capabilities and functioning approach. While progress has been made in a number of these areas, levels remain stubbornly low. Chapter 4 reviews the evidence on inequality in Africa. It looks not only at patterns of monetary inequality in Africa but also other dimensions, including inequality of opportunity, intergenerational mobility in occupation and education, and extreme wealth in Africa.

Download or read book Reducing Global Poverty written by Caroline O.N. Moser and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008-06-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A daunting challenge to the international community is how to go about lifting the world's huge poor population out of poverty. "Asset-based" approaches to development are aimed specifically at designing and implementing public policies that will increase the capital assets of the poor—i.e., the physical, financial, human, social, and natural resources that can be acquired, developed, improved, and transferred across generations. In this pathbreaking book, Caroline Moser and a group of experts with on-the-ground experience provide a set of case studies of asset-building projects around the globe. The authors use a cutting-edge research framework that moves beyond quick snapshot solutions to the problem of poverty. They highlight the ways in which poor households and communities can move out of poverty through longer-term accumulation of capital assets. Contributors include Michael Carter (University of Wisconsin), Monique Cohen (Microfinance Opportunities), Sarah Cook (Institute of Development Studies, Sussex), Hector Cordero-Guzman (Baruch College, CUNY), Lilianne Fan (Oxfam, UK), Pablo Farias (Ford Foundation, New York), Clare Ferguson (formerly DFID), Andy Felton (FDIC), Sarah Gammage (Rutgers University), Anirudh Krishna (Duke University), Amy Liu (Brookings Institution), Vijay Mahajan (BASIX, India), Paula Nimpuno-Parente (Ford Foundation, South Africa), Manuel Orozco (Inter-American Dialogue),Victoria Quiroz-Becerra (Baruch College, CUNY), Dennis Rodgers (London School of Economics), and Andres Solimano (CEPAL, Santiago, Chile).

Download or read book La pauvret dans une Afrique en essor written by Kathleen Beegle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’idée que l’on se fait de l’Afrique a radicalement changé. Encore considéré comme le continent des guerres, des famines et de la pauvreté chronique à la fin des années 90, le continent africain est maintenant évoqué sous l’angle de « l’Afrique qui monte » et du « XXIe siècle africain ». Deux décennies de croissance économique sans précédent devaient en principe améliorer sensiblement le bien-être des populations africaines. Il est toutefois difficile de dire si c’est effectivement le cas en raison de la médiocre qualité des données, de la nature du processus de croissance (s’agissant notamment du rôle des ressources naturelles), des conflits qui sévissent dans une partie la région et de la forte expansion démographique. Poverty in a Rising Africa décrit les problèmes de données et analyse systématiquement les informations disponibles sur la pauvreté et les inégalités dans une perspective tant monétaire que non monétaire. Le premier chapitre évalue la disponibilité et la qualité des données nécessaires pour cerner la pauvreté monétaire, examine les mécanismes de gouvernance et les processus politiques qui sous-tendent la production statistique et propose quelques méthodes pour combler le déficit de données. Le chapitre 2 évalue la robustesse des estimations sur la pauvreté en Afrique et brosse à grands traits le profil de ce fléau. Selon les auteurs, la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique est peut-être légèrement supérieure à ce que les estimations traditionnelles portent à croire. Pour autant, même les estimations les plus optimistes indiquent que davantage de personnes vivaient dans la pauvreté en 2012 qu’en 1990. Le troisième chapitre considère la pauvreté dans une perspective élargie en prenant en compte les dimensions non monétaires du bien-être, telles que l’éducation, la santé et la liberté, en utilisant la méthode d’Amartya Sen (1985) axée sur les notions de capabilities et de functionings. Des progrès ont certes été accomplis dans plusieurs de ces domaines, mais les niveaux de résultats restent obstinément bas. Enfin, le chapitre 4 examine les données relatives aux inégalités en Afrique en analysant non seulement les types d’inégalités monétaires, mais aussi d’autres aspects tels que l’inégalité des chances, la mobilité intergénérationnelle dans le travail et l’éducation et l’extrême richesse.

Download or read book The World Bank Economic Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Growth Poverty and Household Welfare in Vietnam written by Paul Glewwe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the adoption of new market-oriented policies, Vietnam has transformed itself from one of the world's poorest countries during the 1980s, into an economy with one of the highest growth rates during the 1990s. Using macroeconomic and household survey data, this publication examines a range of issues including: the causes of Vietnam's economic growth and future prospects; the impact on household welfare and poverty levels, school enrolment, child health and other socioeconomic outcomes; and the nature of poverty in Vietnam and the effectiveness of government policies for poverty reduction, drawing lessons for Vietnam and for other low-income developing countries.

Download or read book Adjustment for Measurement Error written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of complications arise when imperfect measurements, W, are observed in place of a true variable of interest, X. In the context of linear and non-linear regression models where X is a covariate, regression parameter estimators obtained when W is substituted for X may be substantially biased. Many strategies for correcting for measurement error depend on the specific modeling or regression context and can be intractable in highly non-linear models. In addition, previous methods often assume that the measurement error is normally distributed. In our work, we focus on re-creating the distribution of X from the observed W, either as the primary quantity of interest or as a means to improving parameter estimation. We obtain estimators of X for which the first M sample moments are unbiased for the corresponding moments of X. We investigate the benefit of substituting these estimates in density estimation, logistic regression and survival models. We compare this moment adjusted imputation (MAI) approach to existing alternatives in applications with normally distributed measurement error. We identify an important case of chi-square measurement error and propose a variety of methods to adjust for it, including a version of MAI. We find that MAI is often superior and has the advantage that once the estimates of X are obtained, they can be substituted in any model, including complicated non-linear models.

Download or read book Measurement Error and Its Impact on Estimates of Income and Consumption Dynamics written by Nayoung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) to examine whether measurement error in income and consumption has the potential to generate biases for studies on income and consumption dynamics. A first-differenced dynamic panel model is estimated with lagged income and consumption as internal instruments and the household head's satisfaction with their household income as an external instrument. This study suggests that there is substantial time-varying measurement error in reported income and consumption, leading to a bias towards zero in the estimates of income and consumption dynamics. Time-invariant measurement error and unobserved heterogeneity are also found to be important and to lead to upward biases in the estimated coefficients, offsetting the effect of time-varying measurement error. The standard deviation of time-varying measurement error is as large as the standard deviation of the equation error for both income and consumption dynamics. This result also supports the view that time-varying measurement error exists in reported income and consumption and has a substantial magnitude. Interestingly, the standard deviation of time-varying measurement error, as well as that of the equation error, is much larger in the model for the income dynamics than that for consumption dynamics. This result suggests that time-varying measurement error is more prevalent and varies more across households in income than in consumption and also indicates that households smooth their consumption relative to their income in the face of shocks.

Download or read book Partial Identification of Probability Distributions written by Charles F. Manski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-29 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents in a rigorous and thorough manner the main elements of Charles Manski's research on partial identification of probability distributions. The approach to inference that runs throughout the book is deliberately conservative and thoroughly nonparametric. There is an enormous scope for fruitful inference using data and assumptions that partially identify population parameters.

Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.

Download or read book Well posedness of Measurement Error Models for Self reported Data written by Yonghong An and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely admitted that the inverse problem of estimating the distribution of a latent variable X* from an observed sample of X, a contaminated measurement of X*, is ill-posed. This paper shows that measurement error models for self-reporting data are well-posed, assuming the probability of reporting truthfully is nonzero, which is an observed property in validation studies. This optimistic result suggests that one should not ignore the point mass at zero in the error distribution when modeling measurement errors in self-reported data. We also illustrate that the classical measurement error models may in fact be conditionally well-posed given prior information on the distribution of the latent variable X*. By both a Monte Carlo study and an empirical application, we show that failing to account for the property can lead to significant bias on estimation of distribution of X*. -- well-posed ; conditionally well-posed ; ill-posed ; inverse problem ; Fredholm integral equation ; deconvolution ; measurement error model ; self-reported data ; survey data

Download or read book Measurement Error in the Bank of Italy s Survey of Household Income and Wealth written by Claudia Biancotti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is aimed at evaluating the incidence of measurement error in the Bank of Italy's Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW). In the case of time-invariant variables, we assess the degree of inconsistency of answers given by panel households in subsequent survey waves. For quantities that vary with time, we estimate the incidence of measurement error by decomposing observed variability into true dynamics and error-induced noise. We apply the Heise model or the latent Markov model, depending on whether the data are continuous or categorical. We also present regression models that explain the error-generating process. Our results are relevant to researchers who use SHIW data for economic analysis, but also to data producers involved in similar income and wealth surveys. The methods we describe and test can be employed in a number of contexts to gain better understanding of data-related problems and plans for survey improvement.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty written by David Brady and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.