Download or read book High pressure Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Impact Sensitivity Evaluation of Materials for Use at Kennedy Space Center with List of References written by Coleman J. Bryan and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Presssure Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Impact Sensitivity Evaluation of Materials For Use At Kennedy Space Center written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many materials will ignite or explode when in contact with gaseous oxygen (GOX) or liquid oxygen (LOX) if subjected to stimuli such as a mechanical impact, adiabatic compression (pneumatic impact), or an electrical discharge in the form of a spark. Such materials must therefore be characterized as to compatibility with LOX or COX to define the degree of hazard with their use. Generally, materials are more sensitive in gaseous oxygen than in liquid oxygen and impact sensitivity is known to increase with increasing pressure. Thus, the evaluation of the sensitivity of materials in GOX is required to supplement LOX impact test data. The testing program described in this report was initiated to evaluate materials presently being used or considered for use in oxygen systems at KSC. The ambient pressure LOX testing phase of this program was performed at KSC, the pressurized LOX testing at MSFC, the COX mechanical impact testing at MSFC and WSTF, and the flash and fire point and pneumatic impact testing at WSTF.

Download or read book Procedure for the Selection of Materials for Use in Oxygen Systems at the John F Kennedy Space Center written by CJ. Bryan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the initial stage of the development of propulsion, life support systems, and associated ground support equipment for the U.S. space program, the compatibility of materials for oxygen systems was ascertained via a liquid oxygen impact test that ultimately resulted in ASTM Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and Pass-Fail Technique) (D 2512). After the Apollo 204 fire, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed improved flammability tests for materials used in the crew areas of manned spacecraft and pressurized mechanical and pneumatic impact tests for materials used in high pressure flight and ground systems. The NASA Headquarters subsequently published a handbook, NHB 8060.1, "Flammability, Odor, and Offgassing Requirements and Test Procedures for Materials in Environments that Support Combustion," setting forth the basic requirements for oxygen service. However, this NHB left the details of implementing these requirements to the three manned flight centers: the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, and John F. Kennedy Space Center. The implementation of these requirements at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) was accomplished through KMI 8060.1, "KSC Materials Control Program for Selection of Materials Used in Environments that Support Combustion." This document established the position of Center Materials Representative and created a Materials Application Advisory Board. The materials representative was given the final authority to approve materials and to serve as chairman of the advisory board. The advisory board functions as a committee to assess the usage of materials, to channel information to the materials representative, and to help evaluate requests for the usage of materials not on approved lists.

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flammability Odor Offgassing and Compatibility Requirements and Test Procedures for Materials in Environments That Support Combustion written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook establishes NASA program requirements for evaluation, testing, and selection of materials to preclude unsafe conditions related to flammability, odor, offgassing, and fluid compatibility. Materials intended for use in space vehicles, specified test facilities, and specified ground support equipment (GSE) must meet the requirements of this document. Additional materials performance requirements may be specified in other program or NASA center specific documentation. Responsible NASA centers materials organizations must include applicable requirements of this document in their materials control programs. Materials used in habitable areas of spacecraft, including the materials of the spacecraft, stowed equipment, and experiments, must be evaluated for flammability, odor, and offgassing characteristics. All materials used in other areas must be evaluated for flammability characteristics. In addition, materials that are exposed to liquid oxygen (LOX), gaseous oxygen (GOX), and other reactive fluids' must be evaluated for compatibility with the fluid in their use application. Materials exposed to pressurized breathing gases also must be evaluated for odor and offgassing characteristics. The worst-case anticipated use environment (most hazardous pressure, temperature, material thickness, and fluid exposure conditions) must be used in the evaluation process. Materials that have been shown to meet the criteria of the required tests are acceptable for further consideration in design. Whenever possible, materials should be selected that have already been shown to meet the test criteria in the use environment. Existing test data are compiled in the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Materials and Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS) and published periodically as the latest revision of a joint document with Johnson Space Center (JSC), MSFC-HDBK-527/JSC 09604. MAPTIS can be accessed by computer datalink. Systems containing materials that have not be...

Download or read book Ignition of Nonmetallic Materials by Impact of High Pressure Oxygen II written by LJ. Linley and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gaseous oxygen pneumatic impact test is used to evaluate the suitability of nonmetallic materials for use in high-pressure oxygen systems. The test was evaluated by testing the reactivity of four materials over a range of impact pressures. The evaluation also investigated the effect of valve opening time and other test variables on the frequency of reaction. The variability of the data obtained for each test material was too large for the test method to be capable of distinguishing other than gross differences in the reactivity of materials. No relation was found between this variability and changes in valve opening time and other test variables. The materials studied were found to be unacceptable for use as reference standards. Because of the high variability of the test data, it is recommended that new methods be developed for evaluating the suitability of materials for use in high-pressure oxygen systems.

Download or read book An Assessment of the Metals Flammability Hazard in the Kennedy Space Center Oxygen Systems written by CJ. Bryan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight different metals are used in the gaseous oxygen systems at the John F. Kennedy Space Center in support of Shuttle launch operations. In 1985, a recommendation was proposed that the maximum operating gaseous oxygen system pressure be reduced to 20.6 MPa (3000 psi) from the original design operating pressure of 41.2 MPa (6000 psi). To evaluate this recommendation, a study of the burn propagation and ignition characteristics of the metals in the systems was performed by the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF). The tests selected for this evaluation were the promoted propagation, particle impact, and frictional heating tests. The results of this evaluation indicated that it would be more hazardous to operate at an increased flow rate of oxygen at a lower pressure because of the increase in the possibility of an ignition due to particle impact.

Download or read book NASA Independent Assessment of Ambient Pressure Liquid Oxygen LOX Impact Testing of Halogenated Solvents written by H. R. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The liquid oxygen (LOX) reactivity results using the ambient pressure LOX mechanical impact test did not yield reproducible results for halogenated (precision cleaning) solvents tested at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), the White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), and at the Marshall Space Flight Center-Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF-MSFC) to replace the precision cleaning solvent, HCFC 225 (AK225). The ambient pressure LOX impact testing is established in the ASTM G86-98 test method and is specified by Test 13A in NASA STD 6001(B). In this test method, a known amount of energy is transferred from a free falling plummet to a striker pin resting directly on the test specimen immersed in LOX. The WSTF impact tester produced higher reactivity rates at lower energy levels for the same tests performed at MSFC. This indicates factors other than total input energy to the sample influence the materials reactivity in LOX. Penetration (calibrated) drop tests were performed at WSTF and MSFC. The penetration drop tests provide a simple and reliable method for verifying impact energy, but this method does not provide a measurement of other factors that may contribute to the material's sensitivity to impact reactions. This paper discusses the interaction of factors that are not clearly addressed in the ASTM G86-98 test method and that should be an important focus of attention. Many variables were examined, including percent of relative humidity during sample preparation, the use of the plummet (rebound) catcher, variability of sample preparation at each facility, and impact testing with and without the insert disks. These and other variables attribute to the wide differences in reactivity. More standardization and controls in the test protocol, along with further testing and improvements, are recommended. It is hoped that the insight and observations of the NASA independent assessment (IA) team will provide useful support and discussions for improving the standard test method that is used for ambient pressure LOX impact testing.

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Download or read book Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Environments written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ignition of Nonmetallic Materials by Impact of High Pressure Oxygen III written by D. Janoff and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gaseous oxygen pneumatic impact test has been used by NASA to evaluate the suitability of nonmetallic materials in high-pressure oxygen systems. Several studies have been conducted in the past few years to evaluate the repeatability and applicability of the test. These studies showed that the test has an unacceptable degree of variability. It was recommended that new methods be developed for evaluating the suitability of materials for use in high-pressure oxygen systems. A modified pneumatic impact test was developed and evaluated which addresses the problems of the test currently used by NASA. The test system modifications included a view-ported specimen chamber to view ignition, larger volume between the impact valve and the specimen, ability to adjust pressurization time, and a modified specimen size. Test procedure modifications included subjecting the specimen to a single impact (the current NASA test method required 5 impacts per specimen). The ignition properties appeared to be controlled by the autogenous ignition temperatures of the specimen materials. The modified test allowed the prediction of ignitions that have occurred in component tests and in field incidents that the method currently used by NASA would not have predicted. It is recommended that pneumatic impact ignition tests be performed on components in their use configuration, and that thermochemical methods be used for batch/lot qualification of materials.

Download or read book Demonstration of Hazardous Hypervelocity Test Capability written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) participated in a joint test program with NASA JSC Hypervelocity Impact Research Laboratory (HIRL) to determine if JSC was capable of performing hypervelocity impact tests on hazardous targets. Seven pressurized vessels were evaluated under hypervelocity impact conditions. The vessels were tested with various combinations of liquids and gasses at various pressures. Results from the evaluation showed that vessels containing 100-percent pressurized gas sustained more severe damage and had a higher potential for damaging nearby equipment, than vessels containing 75-percent liquid, 25-percent inert pressurized gas. Two water-filled test vessels, one of which was placed behind an aluminum shield, failed by bulging and splitting open at the impact point; pressure was relieved without the vessel fragmenting or sustaining internal damage. An additional water-filled test vessel, placed a greater distance behind an aluminum shield, sustained damage that resembled a shotgun blast, but did not bulge or split open; again, pressure was relieved without the vessel fragmenting. Two test vessels containing volatile liquids (nitro methane and hydrazine) also failed by bulging and splitting open; neither liquid detonated under hypervelocity test conditions. A test vessel containing nitrogen gas failed by relieving pressure through a circular entry hole; multiple small penetrations opposite the point of entry provided high velocity target debris to surrounding objects. A high-pressure oxygen test vessel fragmented upon impact; the ensuing fire and high velocity fragments caused secondary damage to surrounding objects. The results from the evaluation of the pressurized vessels indicated that JSC is capable of performing hypervelocity impact tests on hazardous targets. Rodriquez, Karen M. Johnson Space Center; White Sands Test Facility ...

Download or read book Evaluation of Heat and Blast protection Materials written by J. D. Morrison and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program was initiated at the Kennedy Space Center in December 1967 and conducted through December 1969 to evaluate the performance of heat- and blast-protection materials for ground support equipment used during the Apollo/Saturn launches. Materials believed to be generally suitable for heat and blast protection were subjected to launch-exposure tests. Tests were made during the Apollo/Saturn 502, 503, and 505 launches. Tests were also made in a local laboratory, as an alternative to the restrictive requirements of launch-exposure tests, to determine the effects of torch-flame exposure on ablative materials. Five materials were found to be satisfactory in all major test categories. It was determined that torch-flame tests can probably be utilized as an acceptable substitute for the booster-engine-exhaust exposure tests for basic screening of candidate materials.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting the Impact Sensitivity of Solid Polymer Materials in Contact with Liquid Oxygen written by JL. Currie and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard liquid oxygen impact test method has been modified to include a sensitizing agent, silicon carbide, with the test specimen. The silicon carbide has been shown to increase the sensitivity of the material to impact, increase the frequency of reaction, increase the intensity of the reaction, and decrease the energy required to initiate a reaction. Test data were obtained for polyethylene, nylon 66, Kel F®-81, polychlorinated tetrafluoroethylene (PCTFE), and Viton® FR58/90. The surface roughness of the striker pin, the presence of silicon carbide, and sample thickness were evaluated in the tests. The test data were used to define the general trends of the selected materials in the liquid oxygen impact test, but the conclusions require further verification by additional tests.

Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres written by D. W Schroll and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: