Download or read book Heavy Metal Soil Concentrations in the Urban Toledo Ohio Area written by Karen R. Burris and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban environments have a history of anthropogenic input of heavy metals to soils. Toledo, Ohio is an urban setting that has been altered through heavy industry and transportation dating back to the 1800s. Heavy metal contamination in soil has been shown to cause serious health effects in humans, such as brain damage, birth defects, cancer, and even death.A total of 137 Toledo soil samples were collected in collaboration with local Toledo schools, the Manos Community Garden, and a previous study completed by Stewart et al (2014). Stewart's study samples and the local Toledo schools' soil samples were collected by K-12 students through a hands-on citizen science project. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of a series of heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc. The results revealed multiple samples with elevated levels of all six focus metals greater than the Ohio EPA's soil background levels of the region. Two of these elements, arsenic and lead, had concentrations higher than the USEPA screening level for soils of this region in 73% and 7% of samples, respectively. Locations with elevated heavy metals concentrations in soils were mostly residential yards with older houses and within areas of high transportation. Therefore, the elevated levels of heavy metals were likely deposited from a legacy of human activities. Heavy metal predictive concentration maps of the Toledo, Ohio area were created to show possible areas of concern. The predictive maps showed a higher concentration of most elements in the Old West End area of Toledo. The findings were presented to the collaborating schools and in public forums to educate citizens about elevated heavy metal soil contamination in their area. They were given possible reasons for the contamination, explaining the harmful side effects of human activities on the soils. The health risks associated with the contamination were presented along with how to prevent health issues and how to take precautions around heavy metals.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils of Urban Highways written by Dilek Turer and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measured metals concentrations in roadside soil samples. Most vehicle-associated metals (including copper) were found in the top 15 centimeters of soil. Lead, zinc, and copper concentrations were closely correlated - in contrast to concentrations of nickel and chromium, which were not associated with each other nor with the first three metals. Sequential extraction of the samples by a method similar to that of Tessier (to identify the potential environmental availability of the metals) found that somewhat less than half of the copper was extracted before the "residual" extraction. Most of the extracted copper was in the "organically bound" and "carbonate bound" fractions. Separately, an "exchangeable" fraction was measured by suspending roadway soil samples overnight in an ammonium acetate solution; this extracted about 7% of the copper.
Download or read book Soil Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil written by Elham Asrari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource
Download or read book Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Soil of an Urban University Campus written by Kenneth U. Erondu and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils written by B. J. Alloway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metals in soils continue to receive increasing attention due to the growing scientific and public awareness of environmental issues and the development of analytical techniques to measure their concentrations accurately. Building on the success and acclaim of the first edition, this book continues to provide an up-to-date, balanced and comprehensive review of the subject in two sections: the first providing an introduction to the metals chemistry, sources and methods used for their analysis; and the second containing chapters dealing with individual elements in detail.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Urban Soils written by Yi-ting Huang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is focused on the investigation of heavy metal contaminated urban soils (especially lead and zinc). Soil samples from greater Montreal area were collected. The concentrations of lead and zinc of some soil samples were at elevated levels, with the highest concentration being 2000 mg/kg (the EPA standard limits for both metals is 300 mg/kg at residential soils). The physical and chemical properties of soils, including soil particle size distribution, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil specific surface area (SSA), soil permeability coefficients, were determined. The majority of soil particles in the samples were found to have the texture of fine sand (loamy and silty sands). Selective sequential extraction (SSE) was performed to understand the affinities of heavy metals toward various fractions of soil. The results indicate that lead has the highest affinity toward soil fraction of organic matter, while zinc has the highest affinity toward soil oxides. Soil column leaching tests were carried out. SSE, together with soil leaching tests, explains the mobility of heavy metals. It shows that zinc has a higher mobility in soils than lead. With the knowledge of heavy metal mobility in soils, the soil decontamination scheme can be planned.
Download or read book Groundwater Contamination and Remediation written by Timothy D. Scheibe and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Groundwater Contamination and Remediation" that was published in Water
Download or read book Characterization of a Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Ohio for a Phytoremediation Project written by Lindy M. Hartley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and plant samples were collected from a heavy metal contaminated site in Fostoria, located in northwest Ohio. Copper and lead are the primary metals found at high concentrations on site. The soil at the study site has minimal adsorption capacity and without plant accumulation, the metals would likely be leached offsite. Soil and plant samples were collected from mine sites in Houghton Co. Michigan for comparison with the Ohio site. The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the adsorption behavior of copper and lead in Fostoria; 2) evaluate the effects of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of copper and lead; 3) determine the applicability of plants from Michigan mine sites to the Fostoria soil. Results indicate that adsorption capabilities in the Fostoria soil are low. Metals exist in the living and decaying tissue of plants on site and are adsorbed to the mineral and organic fractions of the soil. As ionic strength increased, adsorption decreased. pH variation in the soil had little effect in sorption of metal ions. It is important to maintain a plant cover that will sustain a constant level of metals in the A-Horizon due to leaching concerns. Stinging nettles, growing on the lagoon, are very effective at removing not only copper, but a suite of metals, from the soil and therefore are important in preventing leaching of heavy metals. Stinging nettles were found to be a potential hyperaccumulator of metals and since mine plants that were investigated did not sequester significant concentrations of metals and no hyperaccumulators were located at those sites, application of non-indigenous plants is not recommended at this time. Natural attenuation is the preferred method of remediation at the Fostoria site.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants written by Pushpika Freitas and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil, one of the most important natural resources, is becoming degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, agricultural activities, sewage sludge, fossil fuel combustion, metallurgical and chemical industries and electronics. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This series of technical notes examines the urban activities that cause soil degradation, and the management practices that protect the functions urban societies demand from soil. This technical note focuses on heavy metal soil contamination. Mining, manufacturing, and the use of synthetic products e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge can result in heavy metal contamination of urban and agricultural soils. Heavy metals also occur naturally, but rarely at toxic levels.
Download or read book Innovations and Uses for Lime written by Daniel D. Walker and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1992 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the industrial era, the most important potential threat to crop production is abiotic stress, including toxic metal/metalloid stress. Growing populations and rapid industrialization lead to the generation and release of huge amounts of toxic metals/metalloids into the environment, altering plant physiological processes and reducing yields. In the last few decades, there has been extensive research to elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance to metal/metalloid toxicity and ways to improve the defense system in plants. Use of exogenous photoprotectants such as osmoprotectants, plant nutrients, phytohormones, signaling molecules, antioxidants, amino acids and organic acids are widely being used to improve plants’ tolerance to metal/metalloid stress. Recently, phytoremediation approaches have been effectively employed to remediate metal/metalloid pollution. This book presents the latest insights into plant responses and tolerance in plants grown under metal/metalloids stress to provide a better understanding of the topic and the future outlook.
Download or read book Trace Metal Contamination in Urban Soils written by Sandra LeighAnne Walser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban soils around the world have been found to possess elevated concentrations of toxic trace metals such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, Zn known to pose human health risks. Tightening environmental legislation and further elucidation of the detrimental health impacts from trace metals has necessitated more efficient means of contamination assessment, as well as greater public awareness. Within this thesis, I sought to develop an array of tools to holistically approach the socially relevant environmental challenges derived from heavy metal soil contamination. These tools consist in providing means to simplify Pb, Zn and Cu analysis in-situ, develop strategies to increase participatory sampling and outreach, and characterize Pb contamination in NE US cities through GIS.To improve pXRF accuracy and precision for metals in soils, it is necessary to produce measurement corrections as a function of affecting variables (moisture, organic matter content and grain size heterogeneity). Urban forest soil samples were subjected to pXRF measurement of Pb, Cu and Zn under artificially increasing soil moisture, organic matter, and particle size heterogeneity for correction development. A correction equation was successfully obtained for moisture effects but was not feasible for organic matter and particle size heterogeneity trials, highlighting the difficulty to accurately determine contamination in-situ for all metals. Application of the soil moisture correction equation on 120 surface soils proved successful at minimizing the effects of moisture on measured Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations. However, similar performance to a simple dilution-based correction equation suggested that empirical correction may not be necessary. To generate a comprehensive dataset on lead distribution within the Burlington (VT) area while simultaneously empowering at-risk communities on lead contamination, I carried out a community science project based on a novel educational/outreach partnership project model. This program was designed to recruit high school students as community scientists to sample soil and water from their homes for analysis at UVM. The community science project successfully incorporated a diverse group of young community scientists into a project important to their community's health. This also enabled mass sampling in areas of concern, and we have identified 19 properties (out of 228) with soil Pb concentrations above the EPA safe level. Remote implementation, necessitated by Covid-19, resulted in easily transferable project content organized into a project website for easy dissemination and reproduction. To properly identify soil contaminated areas, as well as understanding key distribution factors, spatial prediction of trace metals is an important tool. Utilizing surface soil samples collected in a gridded fashion from three New England cities, I performed areal kriging to predict the distribution of soil Pb as well as identify effective cofactors. Despite the highly variable concentrations typical of soil Pb, areal kriging provided a means to minimize the effects of small-scale Pb distribution heterogeneity. Incorporation of structure age summarized to the census block level provided slight improvements in model accuracy and minimized underestimation of Pb concentrations. The results of these studies have demonstrated that our ability to address trace metal contamination may be improved upon through further development of identification and education methodologies. Soil contamination is a strong environmental justice challenge that deserves greater attention and my thesis developed promising tools to provide affordable and accurate soil analysis, empower affected communities and incorporate social variables into contamination assessment.
Download or read book Investigation of Influential Factors on Heavy Metal Concentration in Urban Roadside Soil written by Zhuang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN URBAN SOIL written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) are three common non-essential heavy metals found in urban soils and can prove toxic to animals, humans, and some plants at low concentrations. The main exposure pathways of heavy metals in humans are through ingestion and inhalation of soil particles and ingestion of contaminated food. When dealing with contaminated soil in urban environments, activities like urban gardening can increase the likelihood of these exposure pathways, so heavy metal toxicity from contaminated soil can become a greater risk with the increased interest in urban agriculture. The US EPA created target concentrations for these heavy metals in residential soil, industrial soil, and agricultural soil. If any of these soils exceed their designated concentration, the US EPA has deemed them hazardous to both human health and the surrounding ecosystem. Phytoextraction is being considered and tested as a method to remove heavy metal pollution in urban soils. Two popular forms of phytoextraction are 1) using hyperaccumulator plants and 2) chelate-assisted phytoextraction using metal tolerant species. Hyperaccumulating plants can bioaccumulate 100 to 1000 times the heavy metal concentration of non-hyperaccumulators but have low biomass production/growth rates and are heavy metal specific. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction has higher a growth rate and biomass production, but can be expensive, has a stronger potential for heavy metal trophic transfer, and can lead to leaching of heavy metals off of the contaminated site. Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating plant species may pose less risk and be suited for smaller sites with specific heavy metal pollution whereas chelate-assisted phytoextraction may be a better approach for large sites with time sensitive phytoextraction needs, but because this method posed may risks, it needs to be highly monitored.
Download or read book Background Levels of Heavy Metals in Ohio Farm Soils written by Terry J. Logan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Background Metal Concentrations in Ohio Soils written by Craig Alan Cox and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of a statistical evaluation of the following background metal concentrations for soils in the state of Ohio: aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc.
