Download or read book Industrial Crystallization of Melts written by C.M. Van 't Land and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-24 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the interface of chemical industry operations, equipment manufacturer input, and the scientific literature, Industrial Crystallization of Melts explores and explains melt crystallization and purification in the industrial arena. This comprehensive account details the orderly conversion of melts into solid, salable end materials and procedures fo

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Crystallization written by Allan Myerson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002-01-08 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is an important separation and purification process used in industries ranging from bulk commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a number of environmental applications have also come to rely on crystallization in waste treatment and recycling processes.The authors provide an introduction to the field of newcomers and a reference to those involved in the various aspects of industrial crystallization. It is a complete volume covering all aspects of industrial crystallization, including material related to both fundamentals and applications. This new edition presents detailed material on crystallization of biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design.Provides an ideal introduction for industrial crystallization newcomers Serves as a worthwhile reference to anyone involved in the fieldCovers all aspects of industrial crystallization in a single, complete volume

Download or read book Fouling of Heat Exchangers written by T.R. Bott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-04-13 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and comprehensive text considers all aspects of heat exchanger fouling from the basic science of how surfaces become fouled to very practical ways of mitigating the problem and from mathematical modelling of different fouling mechanisms to practical methods of heat exchanger cleaning. The problems that restrict the efficient operation of equipment are described and the costs, some of them hidden costs, that are associated with the fouling of heat exchangers are discussed. Some simple concepts and models of the fouling processes are presented as part of the introduction to the subject.Advice on the selection, design, installation and commissioning of heat exchangers to minimise fouling is given. A large part of the text is devoted to the use of chemical and other additives to reduce or eliminate the problem of fouling. Another large section is designed to give information on both on-line and off-line cleaning of heat exchangers. One of the difficulties faced by designers and operators of heat exchangers is anticipating the likely extent of fouling problems to be encountered with different flow streams. Another large section addresses the question and describes methods that have been used in attempting to define fouling potential. The book concludes with a chapter on how fouling information can be obtained using plant data, field tests and laboratory studies.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Marcello Andreeta and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is one of the most ancient and interdisciplinary topics of research known to mankind. Crystals can be organic or inorganic and may be produced from melts, liquid solutions, vapors or even in solid state. Notwithstanding its inherently high complexity, the crystallization process is part of our everyday lives, from ice making in our homes to the most state-of-the-art chemical and electronic industry. In this book, our purpose was to present new insights to the reader, as well as crucial and very useful information for researchers working in this field, while simultaneously creating a comprehensive text about crystallization processes which may serve as a starting point for people with different backgrounds.

Download or read book Heat Transfer 1994 written by G. F. Hewitt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing written by Hermann Janeschitz-Kriegl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure formation in crystallizing polymers, as occurring during processing, has not been treated so far in a coherent form. This fact explains, why this monograph is written as the ?rst book devoted to this subject. A quarter of a century ago the underdevelopment of this subject was obvious. Trial and error dominated. In fact, other apposite subjects as polymer melt rheology or heat transfer, had reached high levels. A great number of books has been devoted to them. Mold ?lling of amorphous polymers and the solidi?cation of these polymers by vitri?cation can nowadays be simulated numerically with a high degree of accuracy. In the solidi?ed sample even residual stresses and corresponding birefringence effects can accurately be 1 calculated . However, semicrystalline polymers, which form the majority of industrial po- mers, have been excluded from these considerations for good reasons. In fact, great uncertainties existed about the formation of quality determining crystalline str- tures. In particular, polyole?ns suffered from this shortcoming. In 1983 this fact instigated the polymer research group at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz to start with pertinent activities. The urgency of this kind of studies becomes evident, if advantages and hitches of these polymers are considered. 1. Versatility of processing: Injection molding into a great variety of shapes and sizes, from thin walled beakers to garden chairs, not to forget pipe and pro?le extrusion, cable coating, ?ber spinning, ?lm blowing. 2. Product qualities: Ductility, low density, good electric insulation, corrosion resistance, surface quality.

Download or read book Fluid Mechanics Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer written by K. S. Raju and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad-based book covers the three major areas of Chemical Engineering. Most of the books in the market involve one of the individual areas, namely, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer or Mass Transfer, rather than all the three. This book presents this material in a single source. This avoids the user having to refer to a number of books to obtain information. Most published books covering all the three areas in a single source emphasize theory rather than practical issues. This book is written with emphasis on practice with brief theoretical concepts in the form of questions and answers, not adopting stereo-typed question-answer approach practiced in certain books in the market, bridging the two areas of theory and practice with respect to the core areas of chemical engineering. Most parts of the book are easily understandable by those who are not experts in the field. Fluid Mechanics chapters include basics on non-Newtonian systems which, for instance find importance in polymer and food processing, flow through piping, flow measurement, pumps, mixing technology and fluidization and two phase flow. For example it covers types of pumps and valves, membranes and areas of their use, different equipment commonly used in chemical industry and their merits and drawbacks. Heat Transfer chapters cover the basics involved in conduction, convection and radiation, with emphasis on insulation, heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, reboilers and fired heaters. Design methods, performance, operational issues and maintenance problems are highlighted. Topics such as heat pipes, heat pumps, heat tracing, steam traps, refrigeration, cooling of electronic devices, NOx control find place in the book. Mass transfer chapters cover basics such as diffusion, theories, analogies, mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer with chemical reaction, equipment such as tray and packed columns, column internals including structural packings, design, operational and installation issues, drums and separators are discussed in good detail. Absorption, distillation, extraction and leaching with applications and design methods, including emerging practices involving Divided Wall and Petluk column arrangements, multicomponent separations, supercritical solvent extraction find place in the book.

Download or read book Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials written by Nicolas Boyard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.

Download or read book Fast Scanning Calorimetry written by Christoph Schick and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, the scan rate range of calorimeters has been extended tremendously at the high end, from approximately 10 up to 10 000 000 °C/s and more. The combination of various calorimeters and the newly-developed Fast Scanning Calorimeters (FSC) now span 11 orders of magnitude, by which many processes can be mimicked according to the time scale(s) of chemical and physical transitions occurring during cooling, heating and isothermal stays in case heat is exchanged. This not only opens new areas of research on polymers, metals, pharmaceuticals and all kinds of substances with respect to glass transition, crystallization and melting phenomena, it also enables in-depth study of metastability and reorganization of samples on an 1 to 1000 ng scale. In addition, FSC will become a crucial tool for understanding and optimization of processing methods at high speeds like injection molding. The book resembles the state-of-the art in Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry and is an excellent starting point for both experts and newcomers in the field.

Download or read book Heat Transfer Handbook written by Adrian Bejan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 1496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters contributed by thirty world-renown experts. * Covers all aspects of heat transfer, including micro-scale and heat transfer in electronic equipment. * An associated Web site offers computer formulations on thermophysical properties that provide the most up-to-date values.

Download or read book Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys written by Hasse Fredriksson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys Hasse Fredriksson KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Ulla Åkerlind University of Stockholm, Sweden Solidification or crystallization occurs when atoms are transformed from the disordered liquid state to the more ordered solid state, and is fundamental to metals processing. Conceived as a companion volume to the earlier works, Materials Processing during Casting (2006) and Physics of Functional Materials (2008), this book analyzes solidification and crystallization processes in depth. Starting from the thermodynamic point of view, it gives a complete description, taking into account kinetics and mass transfer, down to the final structure. Importantly, the book shows the relationship between the theory and the experimental results. Topics covered include: Fundamentals of thermodynamics Properties of interfaces Nucleation Crystal growth - in vapours, liquids and melts Heat transport during solidification processes Solidification structures - faceted, dendritic, eutectic and peritectic Metallic glasses and amorphous alloy melts Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys features many solved examples in the text, and exercises (with answers) for students. Intended for Masters and PhD students as well as researchers in Materials Science, Engineering, Chemistry and Metallurgy, it is also a valuable resource for engineers in industry.

Download or read book Microscale Heat Transfer Fundamentals and Applications written by S. Kakaç and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-20 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Institute on Microscale Heat Transfer – Fundamental and Applications in Biological and Microelectromechanical Systems held in Çesme – Izmir, Turkey, July 18–30, 2004. The ASIs are intended to be high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters and various Microscale Heat Transfer Fundamental and Applications. The growing use of electronics, in both military and civilian applications has led to the widespread recognition for need of thermal packaging and management. The use of higher densities and frequencies in microelectronic circuits for computers are increasing day by day. They require effective cooling due to heat generated that is to be dissipated from a relatively low surface area. Hence, the development of efficient cooling techniques for integrated circuit chips is one of the important contemporary applications of Microscale Heat Transfer which has received much attention for cooling of high power electronics and applications in biomechanical and aerospace industries. Microelectromechanical systems are subject of increasing active research in a widening field of discipline. These topics and others are the main themeof this Institute.

Download or read book Unit Operations in Food Processing written by R. L. Earle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long awaited second edition of a popular textbook has a simple and direct approach to the diversity and complexity of food processing. It explains the principles of operations and illustrates them by individual processes. The new edition has been enlarged to include sections on freezing, drying, psychrometry, and a completely new section on mechanical refrigeration. All the units have been converted to SI measure. Each chapter contains unworked examples to help the student gain a grasp of the subject, and although primarily intended for the student food technologist or process engineer, this book will also be useful to technical workers in the food industry

Download or read book Crystallization written by J W Mullin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first publication of this definitive work nearly 40 years ago, this fourth edition has been completely rewritten. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Incorporating all the recent developments and applications of crystallization technology, Crystallization gives clear accounts of the underlying principles, a review of the past and current research themes and guidelines for equipment and process design. This new edition introduces and enlarges upon such subjects as: - Control and Separation of polymorphs and chiral crystals - Micro- and macro-mixing and the use of computer fluid dynamics - Seeding and secondary nucleation in batch crystallization processes - Incorporation of upstream and downstream requirements into design procedures for crystallization plant - Computer-aided molecular design and its use in crystal habit modifier selection Crystallization provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers and industrial chemists in the process industries as well as crystallization workers and students in industry and academia. Crystallization is written with the precision and clarity of style that is John Mullin's hallmark - a special feature being the large number of appendices that provide relevant physical property data. - Covers all new developments and trends in crystallization - Comprehensive coverage of subject area

Download or read book Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials written by Nicolas Boyard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.

Download or read book Crystallization of Lipids written by Kiyotaka Sato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative reference that contains the most up-to-date information knowledge, approaches, and applications of lipid crystals Crystallization of Lipids is a comprehensive resource that offers the most current and emerging knowledge, techniques and applications of lipid crystals. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the text covers the basic research of polymorphic structures, molecular interactions, nucleation and crystal growth and crystal network formation of lipid crystals which comprise main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The authors highlight trans-fat alternative and saturated-fat reduction technology to lipid crystallization. These two issues are the most significant challenges in the edible-application technology of lipids, and a key solution is lipid crystallization. The text focuses on the crystallization processes of lipids under various external influences of thermal fluctuation, ultrasound irradiation, shear, emulsification and additives. Designed to be practical, the book’s information can be applied to realistic applications of lipids to foods, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. This authoritative and up-to-date guide: Highlights cutting-edge research tools designed to help analyse lipid crystallization with the most current and the conventional techniques Offers a thorough review of the information, techniques and applications of lipid crystals Includes contributions from noted experts in the field of lipid crystals Presents cutting-edge information on the topics of trans-fat alterative and saturated-fat reduction technology Written for research and development technologists as well as academics, this important resource contains research on lipid crystals which comprise the main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Wolfgang Beckmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is a natural occurring process but also a process abundantly used in the industry. Crystallization can occur from a solution, from the melt or via deposition of material from the gas phase (desublimation). Crystals distinguish themself from liquids, gases and amorphous substances by the long-range order of its building blocks that entail the crystals to be formed of well-defined faces, and give rise to a large number of properties of the solid. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Crystallization is practiced on all scales: from the isolation of the first milligrams of a newly synthesized substance in the research laboratory to isolating products on the mulit-million tonne scale in industry. The book describes the breadth of crystallization operations, from isolation from a reaction broth to purification and finally to tailoring product properties. In the first section of the book, the basic mechanisms - nucleation, growth, attrition and agglomeration are introduced. It ensures an understanding of supersaturation, the driving force of crystallization. Furthermore, the solubility of the substance and its dependences on process conditions and the various techniques of crystallization and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. Last but not least, the first part includes an intensive treatment of polymorphism . The second part builds on the basics, exploring how crystallization processes can be developed, either batch-wise or continuous, from solution or from the melt. A discussion of the purification during crystallization serves as a link between the two sections, where practical aspects and an insight using theoretical concepts are combined. Mixing and its influence on the crystallization as well as the mutual interference of down-stream processes with the crystallization are also treated. Finally, techniques to characterize the crop are discussed. The third part of the book is dedicated to accounts of actual developments and of carried-out crystallizations. Typical pitfalls and strategies to avoid these as well as the design of robust processes are presented.