Download or read book Health Care Inequities in Puerto Rico written by Alexandra C Rivera-Gonza̹lez and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are significant health care inequities in the United States (US) territory of Puerto Rico. The local health system operates under continuous challenges, such as financial restrictions and shifts in the physician workforce. Population characteristics like pervasive island-wide poverty, substantial health care need, and poor economic conditions further burden its health care system. When coupled with frequent and increasing back-to-back public health emergencies, such as natural disasters and infectious disease outbreaks, these factors have led to an ongoing health care crisis in Puerto Rico. The multiple factors affecting health care access in Puerto Rico have rarely been studied and continue to be unclear, especially following recent major disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To help fill these knowledge gaps, this dissertation studies health care access and utilization in Puerto Rico and how they are affected by environmental, system, provider, and patient-level factors. The dissertation will be composed of three separate but interrelated papers addressing health care dilemmas in Puerto Rico by studying (1) federal health policy impact on health care access across different Medicaid funding structures, (2) physician prevalence and availability trends in Puerto Rico, and (3) crisis hotline use patterns across population characteristics.
Download or read book The Political Determinants of Puerto Rican Health Inequities written by Anna-Michelle Marie McSorley and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether living in the United States (US) or the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (PR), a colonial territory since 1898, Puerto Ricans experience inequities across an array of health conditions. Several studies have examined common public health explanatory variables, typically within the context of individual-level lifestyle choices, to understand the disparate health outcomes observed among Puerto Ricans living throughout the greater US, which includes individuals living in the 50 states and PR. However, few have assessed the impact of the Puerto Rican political context on health. This is a significant gap in the public health literature, as the health, well-being, and lived experiences of Puerto Ricans are fundamentally shaped by the colonial relationship that exists between the US and PR, regardless of geographic location. When studying Puerto Rican health, the permanence of this colonial context coupled with the persistence of health inequities, calls for special attention to the political determinants of health. These determinants, relating to political structures such as voting, government, and policies, influence the conditions under which communities live, work, and recreate. Therefore, this dissertation investigates how the political determinants of health affect the health outcomes of Puerto Ricans living in the greater US, including individuals living in the States and Puerto Rico. This is accomplished through three unique investigations, employing distinct methodologies, described across three separate empirical papers. The first two studies examine how these political structures manifest into political perceptions that have the potential to influence health outcomes among the Puerto Rican diaspora living in the States. The third study assesses how the political relationship between the US and PR produces conditions that result in the exclusion of PR from US-based public health systems. Within these three investigations, and throughout this dissertation, a political determinants of health approach is applied to the study of Puerto Rican health inequities to intentionally acknowledge and address the permanence of colonialism in PR and its impact on health. As a result, this dissertation contributes to a body of scholarship that serves to shift our collective gaze away from traditional approaches to public health research and towards addressing the political structures that produce health inequities among Puerto Ricans living in the greater US.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Interrelations Between Public Policies Migration and Development written by OECD and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development is the result of a project carried out by the European Union and the OECD Development Centre in ten partner countries: Armenia, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Georgia, Haiti, Morocco and the Philippines. The project aimed to provide policy makers with evidence on the way migration influences specific sectors - labour market, agriculture, education, investment and financial services, and social protection and health - and, in turn, how sectoral policies affect migration. The report addresses four dimensions of the migration cycle: emigration, remittances, return and immigration. The results of the empirical work confirm that migration contributes to the development of countries of origin and destination. However, the potential of migration is not yet fully exploited by the ten partner countries. One explanation is that policy makers do not sufficiently take migration into account in their respective policy areas. To enhance the contribution of migration to development, home and host countries therefore need to adopt a more coherent policy agenda to better integrate migration into development strategies, improve co-ordination mechanisms and strengthen international co-operation.
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos written by Amelie G. Ramirez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.
Download or read book Enhancing Behavioral Health in Latino Populations written by Lorraine T. Benuto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume examines the potential of integrated care in providing effective, accessible behavioral healthcare for Latino clients. The integrated care model is discussed in practical terms, with guidelines for the addressing the needs of Latinos in a coordinated, patient-focused setting. Specific points of attention include common behavioral and medical/mental health conditions (e.g., depression, chronic pain, tobacco use), special considerations in working with Puerto Rican and Cuban clients, and recommendations for working with children. These important issues are considered against the backdrop of opportunities and challenges inherent in integrated care and its implementation, in addition to the relevance of evidence-based interventions for this large and diverse population. Among the topics covered: Latino trends and health policy: from walking on eggshells to commitment Integrated health care for Latino immigrants and refugees: what do they need? Using a translator in integrated care settings Enhancing and improving treatment engagement with Hispanic patients Integrated depression care among Latinos Chronic disease management and integrated care among Hispanic populations Health psychologists, social workers, family physicians, and clinical psychologists will find Enhancing Behavioral Health in Latino Populations an important resource for their professional development, as well as part of the ongoing movement toward reduced disparities and more inclusive and culturally attuned care.
Download or read book Unmanageable Care written by Jessica M. Mulligan and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2014-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Unmanageable Care, anthropologist Jessica M. Mulligan goes to work at an HMO and records what it's really like to manage care. Set at a health insurance company dubbed Acme, this book chronicles how the privatization of the health care system in Puerto Rico transformed the experience of accessing and providing care on the island. Through interviews and participant observation, the book explores the everyday contexts in which market reforms were enacted. It follows privatization into the compliance department of a managed care organization, through the visits of federal auditors to a health plan, and into the homes of health plan members who recount their experiences navigating the new managed care system. In the 1990s and early 2000s, policymakers in Puerto Rico sold off most of the island's public health facilities and enrolled the poor, elderly and disabled into for-profit managed care plans. These reforms were supposed to promote efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and high quality care. Despite the optimistic promises of market-based reforms, the system became more expensive, not more efficient; patients rarely behaved as the expected health-maximizing information processing consumers; and care became more chaotic and difficult to access. Citizens continued to look to the state to provide health services for the poor, disabled, and elderly. This book argues that pro-market reforms failed to deliver on many of their promises. The health care system in Puerto Rico was dramatically transformed, just not according to plan.
Download or read book Taking Health to the Streets in Puerto Rico written by Shir Lerman Ginzburg and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking Health to the Streets in Puerto Rico: Resisting Gastronomic, Psychiatric, and Diabetes Colonialism traces the ways in which diabetes, depression, and food insecurity interact under the rule of US colonization in Puerto Rico as well as the ways in which these illnesses are interlaced with contemporary culture, colonization, and politics. Central to the book, and critical to its unique creative significance and contribution, is the conceptual unification of politicized health and the embodiment of identity and social inequality in Puerto Rico. Ultimately, the advancement of health equity in Puerto Rico is a matter of decolonization, and vice versa.
Download or read book Hispanics and the Future of America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.
Download or read book The Urban Poor of Puerto Rico a Study in Development and Inequality written by Helen Icken Safa and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1974 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph presenting a case study in social and cultural anthropology of slum populations in the san juan urban area to illustrate the effect of economic growth and social change on poverty-stricken urban populations in Puerto Rico - includes illustrations, references and statistical tables.
Download or read book Geographic inequalities in health and mortality Factors contributing to trends and differentials written by Irma Elo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Download or read book A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity and Language Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of eliminating disparities in health care in the United States remains elusive. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. Addressing these disparities must begin with the fundamental step of bringing the nature of the disparities and the groups at risk for those disparities to light by collecting health care quality information stratified by race, ethnicity and language data. Then attention can be focused on where interventions might be best applied, and on planning and evaluating those efforts to inform the development of policy and the application of resources. A lack of standardization of categories for race, ethnicity, and language data has been suggested as one obstacle to achieving more widespread collection and utilization of these data. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data identifies current models for collecting and coding race, ethnicity, and language data; reviews challenges involved in obtaining these data, and makes recommendations for a nationally standardized approach for use in health care quality improvement.
Download or read book Disparate Health Care in Puerto Rico written by Ximena Benavides and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For close to a decade now, Puerto Rico has been saddled with a public debt crisis and has been forced, as a result, to borrow the funds needed to cover nationwide expenses like health care. When Puerto Rico stopped repaying its mounting debt in 2016, the U.S. Congress formed the federal PROMESA Board to oversee Puerto Rico's finances and to determine its future fiscal policies. Nevertheless, the PROMESA Board's attempt to control public debt by reducing budget deficits has further weakened an already devastated health care system. The island, often a target of natural disaster in the form of hurricanes, is financially insolvent and beset by other national, health-related obstacles such as poor infrastructure; heavy disparities between private and public health care programs as a result of a failed privatization and regionalized system; and a scarcity of doctors owing to continued migration to better pay on the mainland. By reflecting on the consequences of a health care system the origins of which are in legal transplants and which has been the target of multiple unsatisfactory institutional arrangements -- legacies of the colonial relationship between the island and the U.S. mainland -- this Article attempts to explain why Puerto Rico's health care system remains in crisis and inquires with respect to which policy-based tools might be used to address such crisis. This Article concludes that all policy attempts to date have failed and will continue to do so for as long as a foundational problem persists - that is, the unconstitutional, disparate treatment of U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico compared to those Americans living on the mainland. Finally, this Article advances a primary policy recommendation that policymakers must first address the equal protection of the law -- in general and as it applies to healthcare -- rather than the political battle for statehood, the federal control and planning over Puerto Rico's finances, or additional temporary federal funds and disaster relief.
Download or read book America s Colony written by Pedro A Malavet and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the legal relationship between U.S. and Puerto Rico.
Download or read book Urban Health written by Steven Whitman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of "health disparities," a great deal of research has been published demonstrating the substantial differences in health status within a population. The causes of health disparities are varied and not always clear but most researchers agree that disparities are a reflection of social and economic inequities and political injustice. One of the obstacles to addressing disparities is the lack of meaningful health data especially for vulnerable populations, which is often nonexistent despite being a critical factor for informing health programs and policies at the local level. This book provides a model for combating health disparities by describing how the authors gathered local health information, engaged the community at every step of the process, and created movement toward evidence-based sustainable change.This book describes how a landmark health survey in Chicago generated dramatic data that are allowing investigators throughout the city to move from data to action and from observation to intervention. In providing a detailed description of how the community-focused collection and analysis of health data can serve as an impetus for improved well-being, Urban Health is an invaluable resource for researchers, community groups, students and professionals.
