Download or read book Growth and Physiological Responses of Canopy Tree Species to Selection Harvests in a Northern Hardwood Forest written by Trevor A. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basal area increment (BAI) response of trees to gap creation was generally positive; however, there was a lag in BAI response which typically lasted between one and three years. Tree size was the best predictor of both pre-harvest BAI and BAI response to gap creation. Large trees had the greatest BAI but did not respond as positively to gap creation as smaller trees. Unexpectedly, it was observed that the BAI response of the more shade tolerant species was more positive than the less tolerant species. This may be related to species differences in canopy structure, with the deep crowns of shade tolerant species providing increased light interception following gap creation. The management of tolerant hardwood forests in central Ontario is typically done using the selection harvest system where no more than one third of the stand basal area is removed in each harvest while a balanced distribution of tree sizes and species is maintained to ensure continual stand development. Because regeneration is achieved through the manipulation of the understory light environment, the response of tree seedlings and saplings to changing light availability has been well studied. However, little is known about either the physiological acclimation processes or the growth responses of canopy trees to gap creation. This thesis examines the physiological acclimation and growth responses of large trees to selection management and addresses the factors that determine the temporal pattern and magnitude of the growth response. In order to better understand growth responses of large trees to gap creation an experiment examining canopy physiological and morphological acclimation to gap creation was conducted. Leaves within the lower portions of the canopy experienced gradual increases in area-based maximum photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and leaf nitrogen. No change in these variables was observed that could not be accounted for by changes in leaf mass per unit area. Both the growth and physiological studies point to the importance of increases in incident light in the lower portions of the canopy, in conjunction with slow acclimation responses, as drivers of whole tree carbon gain and growth following selection harvests.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Opening Size and Competition Levels on the Growth and Canopy Recruitment of Saplings in Northern Hardwood Forests written by John M. Goodburn and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence Of Non Nitrogenous Nutrient Additions on Growth And Physiology Of Sugar Maple And Composition of Understory Vegetation In Northern Hardwoods Of Central Ontario written by Thomasz Gradowski and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems written by Aaron M. Ellison and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests
Download or read book The Physiological Ecology of Woody Plants written by Theodore T. Kozlowski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient management of trees and other woody plants can be improved given an understanding of the physiological processes that control growth, the complex environmental factors that influence those processes, and our ability to regulate and maintain environmental conditions that facilitate growth. Emphasizes genetic and environmental interactions that influence woody plant growth Outlines responses of individual trees and tree communities to environmental stress Explores cultural practices useful for efficient management of shade, forest, and fruit trees, woody vines, and shrubs
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Canopies written by Society for Experimental Biology (Great Britain). Meeting and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a synthesis of current knowledge about the growth, development and functioning of plant canopies.
Download or read book The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks 3rd Edition written by Paul S Johnson and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks is an updated and expanded edition that explores oak forests as responsive ecosystems. New chapters emphasize the importance of fire in sustaining and managing oak forests, the effects of a changing climate, and advanced artificial regeneration techniques. This new edition expands on silvicultural methods for restoring and sustaining oak woodlands and savannahs, and on management of ecosystem services, including wildlife habitat. It also incorporates new material on evaluating landscape-scale, and cumulative effects of management action compared with inaction. Nine of the fifteen chapters cover updated information on the geographic distribution of US oaks, oak regeneration dynamics, site productivity, stocking and stand development, even- and uneven-aged silvicultural methods, and growth and yield. This edition includes a new section with colour illustrations for improved visualization of complex relationships. This book is intended for forest and wildlife managers, ecologists, silviculturists, environmentalists, and students of those fields.
Download or read book Radial Growth Trends of Sugar Maple Acer Saccharum in an Allegheny Northern Hardwood Forest Affected by Beech Bark Disease written by Lina Marie DiGregorio and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EFFECTS OF IN SITU LEAF LEVEL CANOPY WARMING IN A NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Rising mean annual temperatures due to climate change have intensified the need to understand the effects of warming on plant physiological processes. Forest photosynthesis is the most important pathways of terrestrial carbon sequestration, yet continued warming could reduce this important carbon sink. Photosynthesis is highly sensitive to temperature and begins to decline after an optimum temperature (Topt) is reached, leading to reduced carbon uptake. To date, logistical difficulties have limited our ability to test photosynthetic responses to sustained warming in mature forest canopies. In order to understand how elevated temperatures will affect forest ecosystems, we need to be able to test acclimation responses in-situ. The two primary aims of this thesis were: (1) to test and describe a leaf-level warming device that can be implemented within a forest canopy, and (2) to investigate the responses of two northern hardwood species to experimental canopy warming. We successfully developed a leaf-level warming device that warmed leaves 3.02 ± 1.86 °C above control leaves within mature forest tree crowns. To examine photosynthetic acclimation response, we heated understory and canopy leaves of Acer saccharum and Tilia americana for one week at opt was consistently higher than daily maximum temperatures for T. americana leaves, while Topt was at or below daily maximum temperatures for A. saccharum. This suggests that T. americana is less likely to experience photosynthetic decline under climate warming than A. saccharum. Future studies should investigate the effects of longer-term warming on northern hardwood canopies.
Download or read book The Physiological Ecology of Shade Tolerance in Northern Hardwood Seedlings written by Michael Burt Walters and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eighth Workshop on Seedling Physiology and Growth Problems in Oak Plantings written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Woody Plants and Forest Ecosystems in a Complex World Ecological Interactions and Physiological Functioning Above and Below Ground written by Boris Rewald and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attributes of Trees as Crop Plants written by Melvin G. R. Cannell and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestication. Perspectives on the evolutionary history of tree crops. The basis of selection, management and evaluation of multipurpose trees - an overview. Forest tree breeding and fruit tree breeding: strategies, achievements and constraints. Strategies for optimizing the yield of tree crops in suboptimal environments. Tree growth at cool temperaturea and prospects for improvement by breeding. The ideotype concept applied to forest trees. Definition and exploitation of forest tree ideotypes in Finland. The capacity for vegetative propagation in trees. The vegetative structure. Biometrical, structural and physiological relationships among tree parts. Dry matter partitioning in tree crops. Forest productivity in relation to carbon partitioning and nutrient cycling: a mathematical model. Prospects for manipulating vascular-cambium productivity and xylem-cell differentiation. Branching, crown structure and the control of timber production. Trees as producers of exudates and extractives. Trees as producers of fuel. Trees as fodder crops. Roots, symbionts and soils. Roots as a component of tree productivity. Improving tree crops using micro-organisms in designed systems. Trees as soil improvers in the humid tropics?. Exploiting tree crop-symbiont specificity. Flowering and fruiting. Promotion of flowering in the crops: different mechanisms and techniques, with special reference to conifers. Variability in flower initiation in forest trees. Reproduction behaviour of fruit tree crops and its implications for the manipulation of fruit set. Some attributes of nut-bearing trees of temperate forest origin. Trees in stands. Future fruit orchard design: economics and biology. Transpiration and assimilation of tree and agricultural crops: the 'omega factor'. The competition process in forest stands. Forest canopy design: biological models and management implications. Future forest design: economic aspects. Wood properties, and future requirements for wood products.
Download or read book General Technical Report SRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring Canopy Structure and Function as a Potential Mechanism of Sustained Carbon Sequestration in Aging Forests written by Alexander T. Fotis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests are thought to reach carbon (C) neutrality as they age such that photosynthesis is balanced by respiration. However, recent evidence suggests that C sequestration continues in forests that are centuries old. One potential mechanism sustaining C accumulation in old growth forests are age related changes in canopy structural complexity. Among these is rugosity, a measure of the horizontal variability of vertical variation in leaf area distribution. While rugosity has been found to sustain forest productivity across a 200-yr chronosequence of deciduous forests in Michigan, the mechanism linking this structural metric to forest function (e.g. C sequestration) is not well understood. The objectives of this dissertation were to study the drivers of canopy structural complexity and explore the novel mechanisms by which canopy structural complexity might influence forest productivity. At the University of Michigan Biological Station, i) portable canopy light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was used to characterize canopy structure in space and time, ii) long-term hemispherical photography was used to quantify within-canopy light distributions and its among-year variability, iii) branch and leaf materials were collected to measure tree responses to canopy structure and light distributions, and iv) canopy light microhabitats were manipulated from an aerial work platform and in situ morphological and physiological responses of trees subjected to different treatments were quantified. More complex canopies (high rugosity) were found to have greater amounts of empty space and reduced light variability in the midcanopy while total light interception was unchanged relative to less complex canopies. This high spatial light variability may have induced differential branch growth and lead to greater among-year light variation. Leaves of trees acclimated morphological and physiologically to the prevailing light conditions regardless of how much the irradiance changed between growing seasons. However, American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia) was unable to acclimate morphologically and physiologically to very large (50% change) increases in light between two consecutive growing seasons. Stands with high stem densities had reduced inter-annual variability in canopy structure, and areas with more variable tree sizes and those with communities dominated by early successional species had the highest canopy structural complexity. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was highest in areas with high canopy structural complexity and lower inter-annual variation in canopy structure. In summary, canopy structure in space and time was found to affect within-canopy light distributions and its among-year variability, determines leaf phenotypic acclimation, and influences ANPP of the forest.
