Download or read book Government Patenting and Technology Transfer written by Paul W. Heisey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report examines the use of intellectual property rights in Federal technology transfer, focusing primarily on the Agricultural Research Service (ARS). ARS uses patenting and licensing when a technology requires additional development by a private sector partner to yield a marketable product. Licensing revenue is not a major motivation. Greater use of patenting and licensing by ARS has not reduced the use of traditional instruments of technology transfer such as scientific publication. The structure of licensing agreements affects technology transfer outcomes. Mutually advantageous revisions to license terms may at times maintain the incentives through which private companies distribute the benefits of public research." ---Taken from website.
Download or read book Technology Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copyright Protection for Intellectual Property to Enhance Technology Transfer written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries Policy Approaches and Practices written by Pluvia Zuniga and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and public research organizations and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices.
Download or read book Government Patent Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turning Science into Business Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-05-14 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of the first international survey on the patenting and licensing activities of public research organisations in OECD countries.
Download or read book Optimizing the Nation s Investment in Academic Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.
Download or read book Government Patenting and Technology Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a summary of an ERS report.
Download or read book Government Patenting and Technology Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Commercialization written by Committee on Utilization of Technologies Developed at Russian Research and Educational Institutions and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-23 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papersby American and Russian specialistsaddresses a variety of legal, regulatory, institutional, and financial issues that can promote or hinder technology commercialization. The book is the result of a series of workshops organized by the National Research Council with the Russian Academy of Sciences on commercialization of technologies, particularly those developed at research and educational institutions. Technology Commercialization concludes with a list of actions, programs, and policies which warrant further consideration as Russia tries to improve the success of technology commercialization. This book will be of interest to those concerned with small-business development in post-communist states, university technology management, and comparative technology commercialization.
Download or read book The Bayh Dole Act Selected Issues in Patent Policy and the Commercialization of Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congressional interest in facilitating U.S. technological innovation led to the passage of P.L. 96- 517, Amendments to the Patent and Trademark Act (commonly referred to as the Bayh-Dole Act after its two main sponsors). The act grants patent rights to inventions arising out of government sponsored research and development (R & D) to certain types of entities with the expressed purpose of encouraging the commercialization of new technologies through cooperative ventures between and among the research community, small business, and industry. Patents provide an economic incentive for companies to pursue further development and commercialization. Studies indicate that research funding accounts for approximately one-quarter of the costs associated with bringing a new product to market. Patent ownership is seen as a way to encourage the additional, and often substantial investment necessary for generating new goods and services. In an academic setting, the possession of title to inventions is expected to provide motivation for the university to license the technology to the private sector for commercialization in expectation of royalty payments. The Bayh-Dole Act has been seen as particularly successful in meeting its objectives. However, while the legislation provides a general framework to promote expanded utilization of the results of federally funded research and development, questions are being raised as to the adequacy of current arrangements. Most agree that closer cooperation among industry, government, and academia can augment funding sources (both in the private and public sectors), increase technology transfer, stimulate more innovation (beyond invention), lead to new products and processes, and expand markets. However, others point out that collaboration may provide an increased opportunity for conflict of interest, redirection of research, less openness in sharing of scientific discovery, and a greater emphasis on applied rather than basic research.
Download or read book Technology Transfer and Patent Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Government Technology Transfer and Commercialization Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Growth and Credit Formation and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology Transfer and the Public Good written by Brian L. Frye and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Something is rotten in university patent policy. Universities and patents are both supposed to promote the public good. But sometimes, patents may encourage universities to pursue goals inconsistent with the public good.In 1980, the Bayh-Dole Act amended the Patent Act to allow universities to patent inventions and discoveries funded by federal grants. In response, universities began creating “technology transfer” offices in order to help researchers file patent applications and license university patents. Some university technology transfer offices are successful, generating substantial revenue for the university. But most are not and operate at a loss.Even more troubling, university patents and technology transfer offices may be economically inefficient. In theory, universities should patent inventions and discoveries only when it is socially beneficial, and should fund socially valuable research, irrespective of its likelihood of generating patentable inventions and discoveries. But currently, universities have an incentive to patent all of the patentable research they generate, even if doing so reduces the public benefit generated by that research. They also have an incentive to patent inventions and discoveries that have no commercial value, because the patent may still have litigation value. And they may even have an incentive to invest more heavily in research that is likely to generate patentable inventions and discoveries than research that is not, irrespective of the social value of the research.While universities should resist those incentives, the evidence suggests that many cannot. Maybe the government can help? Obviously, it could largely eliminate the incentive for universities to patent research by repealing Bayh-Dole and making most university research unpatentable. But sometimes, university patents may be justified. If a university generates a commercially valuable invention or discovery, why shouldn't it be able to claim some of the value of that invention or discovery from the private companies that ultimately commercialize it? After all, universities can use that additional revenue to fund more research and benefit the public in other ways.However, the government could make university patents more efficient by clarifying the standards for patentability and reducing the bias in favor of patentable research. While universities are hardly alone in filing some weak patent applications, reducing uncertainty about patentability would enable them to streamline their patenting efforts. In addition, the government could increase the efficiency of university patents by instructing public grantmakers to prioritize funding research that is unlikely to produce patentable inventions or discoveries. And universities could better align their patent policies with their public purpose and mitigate risk by pooling their patents and sharing the profits.
Download or read book The Bayh Dole Act a Review of Patent Issues in Federally Funded Research written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Download or read book Facilitating Licenses to Federally owned Inventions written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Technology and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing University Intellectual Property in the Public Interest written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty years ago federal policy underwent a major change through the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which fostered greater uniformity in the way research agencies treat inventions arising from the work they sponsor. Before the Act, if government agencies funded university research, the funding agency retained ownership of the knowledge and technologies that resulted. However, very little federally funded research was actually commercialized. As a result of the Act's passage, patenting and licensing activity from such research has accelerated. Although the system created by the Act has remained stable, it has generated debate about whether it might impede other forms of knowledge transfer. Concerns have also arisen that universities might prioritize commercialization at the expense of their traditional mission to pursue fundamental knowledge-for example, by steering research away from curiosity-driven topics toward applications that could yield financial returns. To address these concerns, the National Research Council convened a committee of experts from universities, industry, foundations, and similar organizations, as well as scholars of the subject, to review experience and evidence of the technology transfer system's effects and to recommend improvements. The present volume summarizes the committee's principal findings and recommendations.
