Download or read book Global Sourcing and Multinational Activity written by Pol Antràs and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinational firms (MNEs) accounted for 42 percent of US manufacturing employment, 87 percent of US imports, and 84 of US exports in 2007. Despite their disproportionate share of global trade, MNEs' input sourcing and final-good production decisions are often studied separately. Using newly merged data on firms' trade and FDI activity by country, we show that US MNEs are more likely to import not only from the countries in which they have affiliates, but also from other countries within their affiliates' region. We rationalize these patterns in a unified framework in which firms jointly determine the countries in which to produce final goods, and the countries from which to source inputs. The model generates a new source of scale economies that arises because a firm incurs a country-specific fixed cost that allows all its assembly plants to source inputs from that country. This shared fixed cost across plants creates interdependencies between firms' assembly and sourcing locations, and leads to non-monotonic responses in third markets to bilateral trade cost changes.

Download or read book Exporting Global Sourcing and Multinational Activity written by Pol Antràs and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinational firms (MNEs) dominate trade flows, yet their global production decisions are often ignored in firm-level studies of exporting and importing. Using newly merged data on US firms' trade and multinational activity by country, we show that MNEs are more likely to trade not only with countries in which they have affiliates, but also with other countries within their affiliates' region. We rationalize these patterns with a new source of firm-level scale economies that arises when country-specific fixed costs to source from, or sell in, a market are shared across all the MNE's plants. These shared fixed costs create interdependencies between a firm's production and trade locations that generate third-market responses to bilateral trade policy changes.

Download or read book Global Production written by Pol Antràs and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Production is the first book to provide a fully comprehensive overview of the complicated issues facing multinational companies and their global sourcing strategies. Few international trade transactions today are based on the exchange of finished goods; rather, the majority of transactions are dominated by sales of individual components and intermediary services. Many firms organize global production around offshoring parts, components, and services to producers in distant countries, and contracts are drawn up specific to the parties and distinct legal systems involved. Pol Antràs examines the contractual frictions that arise in the international system of production and how these frictions influence the world economy. Antràs discusses the inevitable complications that develop in contract negotiation and execution. He provides a unified framework that sheds light on the factors helping global firms determine production locations and other organizational choices. Antràs also implements a series of systematic empirical tests, based on recent data from the U.S. Customs and Census Offices, which demonstrate the relevance of contractual factors in global production decisions. Using an integrated approach, Global Production is an excellent resource for researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates interested in the inner workings of international economics and trade.

Download or read book Global Sourcing The reorientation in purchasing written by Thomas Drabner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2003-06-10 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 1,2 (A+), Heidenheim University of Cooperative Education (Economics and International Trade), course: International Management, language: English, abstract: One of the most important economic prerequisites for operating on the market is the efficient procurement of quality goods and services. International orientation is hereby becoming increasingly influential. Due to globalisation the world is to be seen as one single market. The impact of this perspective does not only refer to global sales but to global procurement as well. In terms of an international perspective the term ′Global Sourcing′ has evolved describing the challenging opportunity of supplementing traditional procurement by international complex activities. Worldwide suppliers, worldwide options and the access to global knowledge increase the need for detailed evaluation. Global sourcing hereby aims at ensuring a competitive advantage in terms of procurement politics. Those politics equally contain chances and risks. A variety of suppliers also means a variety of quality standards. International sources require international logistics. Therefore global sourcing is beyond simple international purchasing and rather a general strategic orientation towards international supply markets. Consequently, the focus of this term paper is to determine the strategic orientation of procurement politics towards Global Sourcing on the basis of international supply chain management.

Download or read book Developments in Global Sourcing written by Wilhelm Kohler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and empirical perspectives on the fragmentation of production processes across borders, shedding light on global sourcing decisions and their economic effects. Recent decades have seen a fragmentation of production processes across borders, as firms find it increasingly profitable to organize production on a global scale. This fragmentation occurs across national borders as well as across firm boundaries; companies must decide not only the location of production but also how much control to exert over the different production stages. Economists have responded to this shift by developing new models of global sourcing, generating important insights into the driving forces and economic effects of this new form of globalization. Many questions, however, remain unanswered. This book tries to fill this gap. The contributors ask new questions or offer new modeling approaches to fragmentation of production, focusing in particular on time and uncertainty. They examine global sourcing in firms' multinationalization strategies, including offshoring, product scope, managerial incentives, supplier search, and contractual issues; and explore the interactions of global sourcing, exports, and economic development, investigating such topics as the complementarity of offshoring and exporting, product diversification, and the relationship between vertical linkages and development. Each chapter presents recent research that further develops existing models or documents new empirical patterns related to global sourcing. Contributors Pol Antràs, Sasan Bakhtiari, Sebastian Benz, Giuseppe Berlingieri, Johannes Boehm, Jeronimo Carballo, Huiya Chen, Alejandro Cuñat, Fabrice Defever, Swati Dhingra, Harald Fadinger, Ana P. Fernandes, Christian Fischer, Wilhelm Kohler, Bohdan Kukharskyy, Luca Marcolin, Antonio Minniti, John Morrow, Alireza Naghavi, Han (Steffan) Qi, Jens Suedekum, Deborah L. Swenson, Edwin L.-C. Lai, Anders Rosenstand Laugesen, Ngo Van Long, Heiwai Tang, Erdal Yalcin

Download or read book Global Sourcing by MNE s written by Kristien Coucke and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sourcing in Emerging Markets written by Robert Stolt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-05-28 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 2,1, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (SMI), 42 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Table of Contents List of Abbreviations i List of Figures and Tables ii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Formulation and Objectives 1 1.2 Course of the Investigation 2 2 Characteristics of Sourcing 3 2.1 The Global Sourcing Theory 3 2.2 The Sourcing Process 4 3 Emerging Markets - Risks and Opportunities of Global Sourcing 7 4 Case Study in Global Sourcing - The Jungheinrich AG 11 Concluding Remarks and Outlook 13 Reference List 15 List of Appendixes 19 Appendix 20 Honourable Declaration 22 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Formulation and Objectives Global sourcing or sourcing in emerging markets per se is becoming more and more influential, and is a crucial factor of success in many companies. Globalisation is certainly one of the most outstanding phenomena in our today's world. ...] Especially German companies are facing a multitude of obstacles in their domestic market: High salaries and non-wage labour costs, market saturation and elevated production costs, associated with rising product prices, as well as increasing market dynamism and competi-tiveness forcing the companies to constantly adapt to those changes. Many companies have thus seen an opportunity in global sourcing and moved to emerging market economies (EMEs) in the search for reducing their costs (Heakal, 2003). The foremost reason why those companies move to aspiring markets like China, India, South-East Asia, Eastern Europe or Latin America are the lower wholesale prices in those countries (Kalkowsky, 2006). However, most firms have a different approach to the sourc-ing process and consequently varying success amongst them. This study investigates the strategic challenges of German retail companies in conducting and balancing their

Download or read book Global sourcing performance and competition written by Paul Scheffler and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's times, more and more companies pursue global sourcing strategies in some form and to some extent. The most prominent reason for the increased interest in global sourcing is the idea to benefit from factor cost differences between sourcing regions. However, recent research indicates that cross-border sourcing is no panacea to generate cost savings. There are situations in which international sourcing does not lead to the intended price reductions or even causes expensive backsourcing activities. Accordingly, the ambiguous image of global sourcing is the point of departure for the dissertation at hand. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis is to explore how global sourcing can contribute to a firm’s purchasing performance. The results indicate that the accumulation of social capital between the buying organisation and its international suppliers can increase the sourcing success. However, given the limited amount of resources for those intimate buyer-supplier relationships, close partnerships cannot be maintained with all suppliers. Consequently, the research at hand points in the direction that global sourcing can be a means to increase the intensity of competition in supply markets, facilitating the pursuit of more adversarial relationships.

Download or read book Global Sourcing Strategies by European and Japanese Multinational Firms written by Masaaki Kotabe and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Global Sourcing written by Gerhard Trautmann and published by Springer-Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gerhard Trautmann explains the relationship between global sourcing strategy and organization design.

Download or read book Global Sourcing The Strategic Reorientation of Purchasing written by Wolfgang Schneid and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-05-08 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 1,3, Heidenheim University of Cooperative Education, course: International Management, language: English, abstract: "Es ist nicht genug zu wissen, man muß es auch anwenden; Es ist nicht genug zu wollen, man muß es auch tun." Goethe Globalisation of markets progresses rapidly and leads to more competition. In times of Supply Chain Management, Cost Saving Measures and Outsourcing companies have to reorient their business planning. New concepts are necessary to reach a cost efficient production. In this context, globalisation must not only be considered as global selling of own products. With the same effort global logistics and procurement have to be taken into account to gain global success. Global Sourcing is already known as conscious orientation of a purchasing strategy. However, its implementation hasn't gone far yet. Increasing economical interweaving and better technological possibilities make Global Sourcing, even for middle-class companies more relevant than never before. Global Sourcing is more than just buying goods and services in foreign countries. In bounds of company philosophy, efficient strategies have to be developed to ensure international competitiveness. Extending of purchasing options, access to world-wide know-how or even increasing sales of own products are just some features of this concept. Before integrating the Global Sourcing Concept in other company strategies a closer look is necessary. The focus of this term paper remains in showing Global Sourcing as a part of the reorientation of purchasing, determining its features and risks as well as indicating the strategy of Global Sourcing. For not going beyond the scope of this work, I will refrain from exact determination of every single sourcing strategy (Sourcing Toolbox). Even it's not its task to set exact guidelines, concerning the integration into company's strategies. Addition

Download or read book Strategic Global Sourcing Best Practices written by Fred Sollish and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest best practice guidance on all aspects of global strategic sourcing-including environmental and international issues Strategic Global Sourcing Best Practices covers the latest trends and leading edge processes in global strategic sourcing, including supply management, t, sustainability, financial decisions, risk management, and international strategies. Offers the latest trends and guidance for sourcing and supply managers Features coverage of understanding sourcing, procurement and supply management, procurement and best business practices, best practices in sourcing management and global sourcing management, financial strategies for sourcing, responsible procurement,diversity procurement, managing risk, supplier selection, project management for procurement and supply managers, managing supplier relationships, international sourcing, managing supplier relationships supply management operations, With the rise of global supply chains, environmental/sustainability concerns, and constantly evolving technology, the time is right for understanding Strategic Global Sourcing Best Practices.

Download or read book Costs and Benefits of Economic Integration in Asia written by Robert J. Barro and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Costs and Benefits of Economic Integration in Asia brings together authoritative essays that identify and examine various initiatives to promote economic integration in Asia.

Download or read book Quantitative Models for Supply Chain Management written by Sridhar Tayur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative models and computer-based tools are essential for making decisions in today's business environment. These tools are of particular importance in the rapidly growing area of supply chain management. This volume is a unified effort to provide a systematic summary of the large variety of new issues being considered, the new set of models being developed, the new techniques for analysis, and the computational methods that have become available recently. The volume's objective is to provide a self-contained, sophisticated research summary - a snapshot at this point of time - in the area of Quantitative Models for Supply Chain Management. While there are some multi-disciplinary aspects of supply chain management not covered here, the Editors and their contributors have captured many important developments in this rapidly expanding field. The 26 chapters can be divided into six categories. Basic Concepts and Technical Material (Chapters 1-6). The chapters in this category focus on introducing basic concepts, providing mathematical background and validating algorithmic tools to solve operational problems in supply chains. Supply Contracts (Chapters 7-10). In this category, the primary focus is on design and evaluation of supply contracts between independent agents in the supply chain. Value of Information (Chapters 11-13). The chapters in this category explicitly model the effect of information on decision-making and on supply chain performance. Managing Product Variety (Chapters 16-19). The chapters in this category analyze the effects of product variety and the different strategies to manage it. International Operations (Chapters 20-22). The three chapters in this category provide an overview of research in the emerging area of International Operations. Conceptual Issues and New Challenges (Chapters 23-27). These chapters outline a variety of frameworks that can be explored and used in future research efforts. This volume can serve as a graduate text, as a reference for researchers and as a guide for further development of this field.

Download or read book World Trade Evolution written by Lili Yan Ing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China shock affects world trade and how trade affects large and small countries. It is a useful reference which focuses on new approaches to international trade by looking into country-specific as well as firm-product level-specific cases.

Download or read book Global Sourcing Strategy written by Masaaki Kotabe and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-06-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book empirically explores the complex issue of how successful multinational firms manage interfaces of R&D, manufacturing, and marketing on a global basis, emphasizing the linkages among them in the value chain. For the encompassing nature of this investigation, the author calls this interface issue "global sourcing." The major objective of the book is to investigate the market performance of various global sourcing strategies employed by multinational firms. Successful Japanese cases are also highlighted. Based on extensive research findings, the book provides practical and normative guidelines for managing new product design and development, manufacturing, and marketing around the world in an era of global competition.

Download or read book Patent Laws Product Lifecycle Lengths and the Global Sourcing Decisions of U S Multinationals written by Kamran Bilir and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of patent laws on firms' global sourcing decisions. I develop a theoretical model of multinational firms' location and production decisions in the presence of cross-country differences in intellectual property rights and cross-sector differences in the length of product lifecycles. I show that patent reforms are irrelevant to firms' sourcing decisions in industries with rapid product turnover. By contrast, strong patent laws attract affiliate activity in industries with longer product lifecycles, because products in these industries are more likely to be imitated prior to obsolescence and are thus more reliant on patent enforcement to protect revenues. These effects are more pronounced for less-productive firms. Using comprehensive panel data on the sales, assets, and employment of U.S. multinationals and their affiliates abroad and a new measure of product obsolescence, I find robust empirical support for these predictions. Effects are significant along all margins of multinational activity, including multinational presence by country and sector, total affiliate sales conditional on presence, the number of affiliates, and affiliate-level sales. In addition, I find that stronger patent rights tilt the balance of cross-border activity away from exports and toward multinational activity. Finally, my identification strategy allows me to isolate the causal effect of patent reforms on multinational operations, which the prior literature has struggled to establish because of concurrent policy reforms.