Download or read book Germanium on Silicon for Mid infrared Photonics written by Ugnė Griškevičiūtė and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photonics and Electronics with Germanium written by Kazumi Wada and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing a further step towards enabling the convergence of computing and communication, this handbook and reference treats germanium electronics and optics on an equal footing. Renowned experts paint the big picture, combining both introductory material and the latest results. The first part of the book introduces readers to the fundamental properties of germanium, such as band offsets, impurities, defects and surface structures, which determine the performance of germanium-based devices in conjunction with conventional silicon technology. The second part covers methods of preparing and processing germanium structures, including chemical and physical vapor deposition, condensation approaches and chemical etching. The third and largest part gives a broad overview of the applications of integrated germanium technology: waveguides, photodetectors, modulators, ring resonators, transistors and, prominently, light-emitting devices. An invaluable one-stop resource for both researchers and developers.
Download or read book Mid infrared Optoelectronics written by Eric Tournié and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials, Devices, and Applications addresses the new materials, devices and applications that have emerged over the last decade, along with exciting areas of research. Sections cover fundamentals, light sources, photodetectors, new approaches, and the application of mid-IR devices, with sections discussing LEDs, laser diodes, and quantum cascade lasers, mid-infrared optoelectronics, emerging research areas, dilute bismide and nitride alloys, Group-IV materials, gallium nitride heterostructures, and new nonlinear materials. Finally, the most relevant applications of mid-infrared devices are reviewed in industry, gas sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging. This book presents a key reference for materials scientists, engineers and professionals working in R&D in the area of semiconductors and optoelectronics. Provides a comprehensive overview of mid-infrared photodetectors and light sources and the latest materials and devices Reviews emerging areas of research in the field of mid-infrared optoelectronics, including new materials, such as wide bandgap materials, chalcogenides and new approaches, like heterogeneous integration Includes information on the most relevant applications in industry, like gas sensing, spectroscopy and imaging
Download or read book Low temperature Far infrared Spectra of Germanium and Silicon written by Peter J. Gielisse and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New high-resolution low-temperature (7.5K) far-infrared data on intrinsic germanium and silicon are presented. The findings further substantiate the naturally anticipated similarities in band patterns of the vibrational spectra of diamond type crystals. The low temperature spectra of germanium and silicon show clearly resolved splits in their principal absorption bands analogous to the intriguing doublet in the ca. 2000/cm band in diamond. A possible explanation is indicated. The room temperature far-infrared refractive index of both germanium and silicon and the 7.5K refractive index of germanium have been measured by means of interference fringes. (Author).
Download or read book Germanium Mid infrared Photonic Integrated Circuits written by Ahmed Osman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Speed Low Power and Mid IR Silicon Photonics Applications written by Luca Alloatti and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the first high-speed silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulator is demonstrated by exploiting a highly-nonlinear polymer cladding and a silicon waveguide. By using a liquid crystal cladding instead, an ultra-low power phase shifter is obtained. A third type of device is proposed for achieving three-wave mixing on the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform. Finally, new physical constants which describe the optical absorption in charge accumulation/inversion layers in silicon are determined.
Download or read book SiGe Photonic Integrated Circuits for Mid infrared Sensing Applications written by Qiankun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a nearly universal way to identify chemical and biological substances, as most of the molecules have their vibrational and rotational resonances in the mid-IR wavelength range. Commercially available mid-IR systems are based on bulky and expensive equipment, while lots of efforts are now devoted to the reduction of their size down to chip-scale dimensions. The use of silicon photonics for the demonstration of mid-IR photonic circuits will benefit from reliable and high-volume fabrication to offer high performance, low cost, compact, lightweight and power consumption photonic circuits, which is particularly interesting for mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems that need to be portable and low cost. Among the different materials available in silicon photonics, Germanium (Ge) and Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) alloys with a high Ge concentration are particularly interesting because of the wide transparency window of Ge up to 15 μm. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to investigate a new Ge-rich graded SiGe platform for mid-IR photonic circuits. Such new plateform was expected to benefit from a wide transparency wavelength range and a high versatility in terms of optical engineering (effective index, dispersion, ...). During this thesis, different waveguides platforms based on different graded profiles have been investigated. First it has been shown that waveguides with low optical losses of less than 3 dB/cm can be obtained in a wide wavelength range, from 5.5 to 8.5 μm. A proof of concept of sensing based on the absorption of the evanescent component of the optical mode has then been demonstrated. Finally, elementary building blocs have been investigated. The first Bragg mirror-based Fabry Perot cavities and racetrack resonators have been demonstrated around 8 μm wavelength. A broadband dual-polarization MIR integrated spatial heterodyne Fourier-Transform spectrometer has also been obtained. All these results rely on material and device design, clean-room fabrication and experimental characterization. This work was done in the Framework of EU project INsPIRE in collaboration with Pr. Giovanni Isella from Politecnico Di Milano.
Download or read book Expanding the Optical Capabilities of Germanium in the Infrared Range Through Group IV and III V IV Alloy Systems written by Patrick Michael Wallace and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work described in this thesis explores the synthesis of new semiconductors in the Si-Ge-Sn system for application in Si-photonics. Direct gap Ge1-ySny (y=0.12-0.16) alloys with enhanced light emission and absorption are pursued. Monocrystalline layers are grown on Si platforms via epitaxy-driven reactions between Sn- and Ge-hydrides using compositionally graded buffer layers that mitigate lattice mismatch between the epilayer and Si platforms. Prototype p-i-n structures are fabricated and are found to exhibit direct gap electroluminescence and tunable absorption edges between 2200 and 2700 nm indicating applications in LEDs and detectors. Additionally, a low pressure technique is described producing pseudomorphic Ge1-ySny alloys in the compositional range y=0.06-0.17. Synthesis of these materials is achieved at ultra-low temperatures resulting in nearly defect-free films that far exceed the critical thicknesses predicted by thermodynamic considerations, and provide a chemically driven route toward materials with properties typically associated with molecular beam epitaxy. Silicon incorporation into Ge1-ySny yields a new class of Ge1-x-ySixSny (y>x) ternary alloys using reactions between Ge3H8, Si4H10, and SnD4. These materials contain small amounts of Si (x=0.05-0.08) and Sn contents of y=0.1-0.15. Photoluminescence studies indicate an intensity enhancement relative to materials with lower Sn contents (y=0.05-0.09). These materials may serve as thermally robust alternatives to Ge1-ySny for mid-infrared (IR) optoelectronic applications. An extension of the above work is the discovery of a new class of Ge-like Group III-V-IV hybrids with compositions Ga(As1–xPx)Ge3 (x=0.01-0.90) and (GaP)yGe5–2y related to Ge1-x-ySixSny in structure and properties. These materials are prepared by chemical vapor deposition of reactive Ga-hydrides with P(GeH3)3 and As(GeH3)3 custom precursors as the sources of P, As, and Ge incorporating isolated GaAs and GaP donor-acceptor pairs into diamond-like Ge-based structures. Photoluminescence studies reveal bandgaps in the near-IR and large bowing of the optical behavior relative to linear interpolation of the III-V and Ge end members. Similar materials in the Al-Sb-B-P system are also prepared and characterized. The common theme of the above topics is the design and fabrication of new optoelectronic materials that can be fully compatible with Si-based technologies for expanding the optoelectronic capabilities of Ge into the mid-IR and beyond through compositional tuning of the diamond lattice.
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Semiconductors written by N.M. Ravindra and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-21 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical properties, particularly in the infrared range of wavelengths, continue to be of enormous interest to both material scientists and device engineers. The need for the development of standards for data of optical properties in the infrared range of wavelengths is very timely considering the on-going transition of nano-technology from fundamental R&D to manufacturing. Radiative properties play a critical role in the processing, process control and manufacturing of semiconductor materials, devices, circuits and systems. The design and implementation of real-time process control methods in manufacturing requires the knowledge of the radiative properties of materials. Sensors and imagers operate on the basis of the radiative properties of materials. This book reviews the optical properties of various semiconductors in the infrared range of wavelengths. Theoretical and experimental studies of the radiative properties of semiconductors are presented. Previous studies, potential applications and future developments are outlined. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the radiative properties is presented. Examples of instrumentation for measurements of the radiative properties is described in Chapter 2. In Chapters 3-11, case studies of the radiative properties of several semiconductors are elucidated. The modeling and applications of these properties are explained in Chapters 12 and 13, respectively. In Chapter 14, examples of the global infrastructure for these measurements are illustrated.
Download or read book Handbook of Silicon Photonics written by Laurent Vivien and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors,
Download or read book Silicon Based Photonics written by Erich Kasper and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics has evolved rapidly as a research topic with enormous application potential. The high refractive index contrast of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) shows great promise for submicron waveguide structures suited for integration on the chip scale in the near-infrared region. Ge- and GeSn-Si heterostructures with different elastic strain levels already provide expansion of the spectral range, high-speed operation, efficient modulation and switching of optical signals, and enhanced light emission and lasing. This book focuses on the integration of heterostructure devices with silicon photonics. The authors have attempted to merge a concise treatment of classical silicon photonics with a description of principles, prospects, challenges, and technical solution paths of adding silicon-based heterostructures. The book discusses the basics of heterostructure-based silicon photonics, system layouts, and key device components, keeping in mind the application background. Special focus is placed on SOI-based waveguide configurations and Ge- and GeSn-Si heterostructure devices for light detection, modulation, and light emission and lasing. The book also provides an overview of the technological and materials science challenges connected with integration on silicon. The first half of the book is mainly for readers who are interested in the topic because of its increasing importance in different fields, while the latter half covers different device structures for light emission, detection, modulation, extension of the wavelength beyond 1.6 μm, and lasing, as well as future challenges.
Download or read book Black Silicon Germanium SiGe for Extended Wavelength Near Infrared Electro optical Applications written by Fred Semendy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Waveguide Technology written by Kok Yeow You and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, the rapid development of radiofrequency (RF)/microwave and photonic/optical waveguide technologies has had a significant impact on the current electronic industrial, medical and information and communication technology (ICT) fields. This book is a self-contained collection of valuable scholarly papers related to waveguide design, modeling, and applications. This book contains 20 chapters that cover three main subtopics of waveguide technologies, namely RF and microwave waveguide, photonic and optical waveguide and waveguide analytical solutions. Hence, this book is particularly useful to the academics, scientists, practicing researchers and postgraduate students whose work relates to the latest waveguide technologies.
Download or read book MID INFRARED FIBER PHOTONICS written by Stuart Jackson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-Infrared Fibre Photonics: Glass Materials, Fibre Fabrication and Processing, Laser Sources and Devicess combines the latest glass chemistry, fibre fabrication and post processing techniques to provide a comprehensive reference on the fundamental science and latest research in fibre photonics for the mid-infrared range. The book systematically reviews the key glass materials systems including fluorides, chalcogenides, and oxides. Each materials chapter includes discussion of composition, structure, thermal, optical and mechanical properties, extrinsic and intrinsic loss mechanisms, materials preparation and purification techniques. Then Mid-Infrared Fibre Photonics: Glass Materials, Fibre Fabrication and Processing, Laser Sources and Devicess covers the most relevant fabrication, post-processing, and spectroscopy techniques. Fibre sources are also addressed including fibre sources for continuous wave emission, pulsed emission, and broadband emission. The book concludes with a brief overview of important medical, sensing and defence applications. Systematic coverage of the most relevant materials for mid-infrared fibre photonics including discussion of composition, structure, thermal, optical and mechanical properties, loss mechanisms, materials preparation and purification techniques Reviews the key fabrication and processing techniques of mid-infrared fibre technologies Addresses the important medical, sensing and defence applications
Download or read book Silicon Photonics IV written by David J. Lockwood and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth book in the series Silicon Photonics gathers together reviews of recent advances in the field of silicon photonics that go beyond already established and applied concepts in this technology. The field of research and development in silicon photonics has moved beyond improvements of integrated circuits fabricated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology to applications in engineering, physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. The chapters provided in this book by experts in their fields thus cover not only new research into the highly desired goal of light production in Group IV materials, but also new measurement regimes and novel technologies, particularly in information processing and telecommunication. The book is suited for graduate students, established scientists, and research engineers who want to update their knowledge in these new topics.
Download or read book Photonic Integration and Photonics Electronics Convergence on Silicon Platform written by Koji Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics technology, which has the DNA of silicon electronics technology, promises to provide a compact photonic integration platform with high integration density, mass-producibility, and excellent cost performance. This technology has been used to develop and to integrate various photonic functions on silicon substrate. Moreover, photonics-electronics convergence based on silicon substrate is now being pursued. Thanks to these features, silicon photonics will have the potential to be a superior technology used in the construction of energy-efficient cost-effective apparatuses for various applications, such as communications, information processing, and sensing. Considering the material characteristics of silicon and difficulties in microfabrication technology, however, silicon by itself is not necessarily an ideal material. For example, silicon is not suitable for light emitting devices because it is an indirect transition material. The resolution and dynamic range of silicon-based interference devices, such as wavelength filters, are significantly limited by fabrication errors in microfabrication processes. For further performance improvement, therefore, various assisting materials, such as indium-phosphide, silicon-nitride, germanium-tin, are now being imported into silicon photonics by using various heterogeneous integration technologies, such as low-temperature film deposition and wafer/die bonding. These assisting materials and heterogeneous integration technologies would also expand the application field of silicon photonics technology. Fortunately, silicon photonics technology has superior flexibility and robustness for heterogeneous integration. Moreover, along with photonic functions, silicon photonics technology has an ability of integration of electronic functions. In other words, we are on the verge of obtaining an ultimate technology that can integrate all photonic and electronic functions on a single Si chip. This e-Book aims at covering recent developments of the silicon photonic platform and novel functionalities with heterogeneous material integrations on this platform.
Download or read book Silicon Compatible Short wave Infrared Photonic Devices written by Gary Alan Sevison and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 10 years, the field of integrated photonics has gained prominence due to the need for higher bandwidths for communications, at lower cost. To have fully integrated devices on-chip, silicon compatibility becomes a necessity. This thesis explores two different devices that are compatible with silicon and therefore lend themselves to full on-chip integration. The first device is a p-i-n structure photodiode created with Germanium Tin (GeSn). The device shows a promising extended infrared range compared to a device made from pure Germanium (Ge). Time-resolved power dependent measurements on the responsivity were taken and reveal the different recombination mechanisms occurring in the device. The second device is a non-volatile memory created from Germanium Antimony Tellurium (GST). Here it is shown that by laser illumination, the GST film can be switched from a highly reflective/conducting crystalline state, to a less reflective/resistive amorphous state and back again. Ellipsometry was done on the individual states to show that they have drastically different indices of refraction and extinction coefficients, which can be utilized to create many novel silicon compatible devices.
