Download or read book Geological Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level and Alpha Bearing Wastes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 1993 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a symposium organized jointly with CEC and OECD/NEA, Antwerp, Belgium, 19-23 October 1992. The purpose of the symposium was to review the progress being made in national and international programmes towards the demonstration of safe disposal of radioactive wastes. The technical presentations addressed disposal in all the principal geological media currently under consideration: clay, crystalline rock, salt and volcanic tuff. The programmes described ranged from national screening surveys on a broad, regional scale to detailed site specific investigations in underground research laboratories.
Download or read book Geological Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level and Alpha Bearing Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cost of High level Waste Disposal in Geological Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1993 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conditioning of Alpha Bearing Wastes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to present state of the art information on assessments of the complex options available in the management of alpha bearing wastes from the reprocessing of spent fuels and MOX fuel fabrication.
Download or read book Technical Reports Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Basis for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes written by and published by Technical Reports Series. This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on the different functions of a repository within its life cycle and describes the processes relevant to the containment of long lived radioactive waste and other criteria influencing the long term integrity of the repository. It emphasizes the central role of safety and the importance of safety/performance assessments in the decision making process during repository development.
Download or read book Management of Intermediate level Radioactive Wastes in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While used extensively, the term intermediate-level waste is not a clearly defined waste category. Assuming the ILW includes all radioactive wastes requiring shielding but not ordinarily included in a high-level waste canister, its major sources include power plant operations, spent fuel storage, and spent fuel reprocessing. While the volume is approx. 102 greater than that of high-level waste, ILW contains only approx. 1% of the radioactivity. Power plant waste, constituting approx. 87% of the waste volume, is generally nontransuranic waste. The other approximately 13% from fuel reprocessing is generally transuranic. Intermediate-level wastes fall into the general categories of highly radioactive hardware, failed equipment, HEPA filters, wet wastes, and noncombustible solids. Within each category, however, the waste characteristics can vary widely, necessitating different treatments. The wet wastes, primarily power plant resins and sludges, contribute the largest volume; fuel hulls and core hardware represent the greatest activity. Numerous treatments for intermediate-level wastes are available and have been used successfully. Packaging and transportation systems are also available. Intermediate-level wastes from power plants are disposed of by shallow-land burial. However, the alpha-bearing wastes are being stored pending eventual disposal to a geologic repository or by other means, e.g., intermediate-depth burial, sea disposal. Problem areas associated with intermediate-level wastes include: disposal criteria need to be established; fixation of organic ion exchange resins from power plant operation needs improvement; and reprocessing of LWR fuels will produce ILW considerably different from power plant ILW and requiring different treatment.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management Glossary written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this glossary is to provide a source of words which are commonly and internationally used or have special meanings in the field of radioactive waste management. It should further contribute to a common use of terms in the IAEA Radioactive Waste Safety Standards (RADWASS) series. In the context of this glossary, the term 'waste' refers, in general, to radioactive waste unless otherwise specified.
Download or read book Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues written by W. Miller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.
Download or read book Geology of High Level Nuclear Waste Disposal written by I.S. Roxburgh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Necessity of Geologic Disposal written by R. Linden and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear wastes are the radioactive byproducts of nuclear power generation, nuclear weapons production, and other uses of nuclear material. Experts from around the world agree that deep geologic disposal of nuclear waste in a mined repository is the most environmentally sound means of removing these potential sources of radiation from interaction with the biosphere. Of the 360 millirem of background radiation received annually by the average American, from both natural and man-made sources, less than 1 millirem results from the nuclear fuel cycle. Spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, destined for geologic disposal, are located at 126 sites in 39 states. The proposed repository site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is far more isolated from the general population than any sites where these radioactive materials are presently located. Only solid forms of high-level wastes will be transported for disposal in a geologic repository. For more than 50 years, nuclear materials have been safely transported in North America, Europe, and Asia, without a single significant radiation release. Since the 1950s, select panels from the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council and interagency advisory groups, and international experts selected by the OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency, have examined the environmental, ethical, and intergenerational aspects of nuclear waste disposal, plus alternatives to geologic disposal. All have concluded that deep geologic disposal in a mined repository is clearly the preferred option. The concept of deep geologic disposal is based on the analogy to ore deposits, which are formed deep within the Earth's crust, commonly remain isolated from the biosphere for millions to billions of years, and are, generally, extremely difficult to detect. Before selecting the unsaturated tuffs at Yucca Mountain, DOE evaluated salt formations, basalts, and both crystalline and sedimentary rocks. Other nations generating nuclear power also plan to use deep geologic disposal, and are evaluating sites in granites, argillaceous rocks, and salt formations.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-02 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report to the President written by United States. Interagency Review Group on Nuclear Waste Management and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear waste disposal written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hazardous Waste Management written by Michalann Harthill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1994, as part of the AAAS Selected Symposia Series. National strategies to minimize pollution, including that from hazardous waste, are evolving in both the United States and Canada. Recent federal hazardous waste regulations in the United States, promulgated under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), encourage the states to develop their own waste management programs, patterned after federal specifications; some states have developed progressive options. Canadian hazardous waste management programs originate in the provinces. However, the federal government is increasingly involved in developing new treatment technologies, guidelines for consistent management, and control of waste across political boundaries. The authors of this volume find that disposal is still the most common practice for handling hazardous waste in both countries, despite the potential for alternative methods such as industrial process redesign for waste reduction, waste detoxification, recycling, or incineration. Nonetheless, some waste will remain. Sound disposal site selection criteria are prerequisite for industry and government credibility in site selection. Only after accountability is established and recognized will the public lose symptoms of the NIMBY (not in my backyard) syndrome. Even so, public involvement in site selection in these countries should be expected for a site to be accepted. All the while, the three parties— industry, government, and the public— must balance the risk of potential waste hazards with the cost of avoiding adverse effects.
