Download or read book Geographic Diversification and Firm Value written by 王綺楓 and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Geographic Diversification on Firm Performance written by Young Sang Kim and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper empirically examines the economic effects of both corporate industrial and geographic diversifications. Using a sample of 28,050 firm year observations from 1990 to 1998, we find that industrial and geographic diversifications are associated with firm value decrease. Consistent with Denis et al. (2002), the costs of corporate diversification may outweigh the benefits of diversification. We find that geographically diversified firms have higher Ramp;D expenditures, advertising expenses, operating income, ROE and ROA than industrially diversified firms. In addition, higher Ramp;D expenditures create value for multi-segment global firms, but not for single segment global firms. This result implies that there exists an interaction effect between industrial and geographic diversification. We also examine the effects of agency cost issues, as characterized by the diversification discount, on both industrial and geographic diversification. Consistent with the agency explanation, firms with high equity-based compensation are associated with higher firm value than firms with low equity-based compensation. Also, we find that firms with a higher insider ownership percentage are associated with higher excess value.
Download or read book Geographic Diversification and Firm Value in the Financial Services Industry written by Markus Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates whether geographic diversification is value-enhancing or value-destroying in the financial services sector, broadly defined. Our dataset comprises approximately 3,579 observations over the period from 1985 to 2004 and covers the entire range of U.S. financial intermediaries ndash; commercial banks, investment banks, insurance companies, asset managers, and financial infrastructure services firms. We use two alternative measures of geographic diversification: (1) a dummy variable whether the firm reports more than one geographic segment and (2) the percentage of sales from non-domestic operations. Our results indicate that geographic diversification is not associated with a significant valuation discount in financial intermediaries. However, when accounting for the firms' main activity-areas, we find evidence of a significant discount associated with geographic diversification in securities firms and a premium in credit intermediaries and insurance companies. All these results are robust after taking into account functional diversification of the firms as well as a potential endogeneity of both functional and geographic diversification.
Download or read book Both Sides of Corporate Diversification written by Gordon M. Bodnar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of geographic and industrial diversification on firm value for a sample of over 20,000 firm-year observations of U.S. corporations from 1987-1993. Our" multivariate tests indicate the average value of a firm with international operations is 2.2% higher than comparable domestic single activity firms, while the average value of a firm with activities in multiple industrial segments is 5.4% lower than a portfolio of comparable focused domestic firms in similar activities. More importantly, we demonstrate that failure to control simultaneously for both dimensions of diversification results in over-estimation of the negative value impact of industrial diversification, but has little impact on estimates of the positive value impact of geographic diversification
Download or read book Both Sides of Corporate Diversification written by Gordon M. Bodnar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of geographic and industrial diversification on firm value for a sample of over 20,000 firm-year observations of U.S. corporations from 1987-1993. Ourquot; multivariate tests indicate the average value of a firm with international operations is 2.2% higher than comparable domestic single activity firms, while the average value of a firm with activities in multiple industrial segments is 5.4% lower than a portfolio of comparable focused domestic firms in similar activities. More importantly, we demonstrate that failure to control simultaneously for both dimensions of diversification results in over-estimation of the negative value impact of industrial diversification, but has little impact on estimates of the positive value impact of geographic diversification.
Download or read book International Evidence on the Value of Product and Geographic Diversity written by Luc Laeven and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate diversification destroys value due to both agency and influence costs. Consistent with this finding, insider ownership is associated with less corporate diversification.
Download or read book Why firms diversify written by Randall Morck and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geographic Diversification Bank Holding Company Value and Risk written by Saiying Deng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We assess the association between geographic diversification and bank holding company (BHC) value and risk, controlling for the distance between the headquarters and branches. The distance-adjusted deposit dispersion index used as a measure of geographic diversification accounts for the number of locations where a BHC operates, the level of activity in each location, and the distance between a BHC and its branches. We find that geographic diversification is associated with BHC value enhancement and risk reduction, increased distance between a BHC and its branches is associated with firm value reduction and risk increase, and geographic diversification across more remote areas is associated with greater value enhancement but smaller risk reduction.
Download or read book Global diversification industrial diversification and firm value written by David J. Denis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Valuation Effects of Geographic Diversification written by Mr.Martin R. Goetz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the impact of the geographic diversification of bank holding company (BHC) assets across the United States on their market valuations. Using two novel identification strategies based on the dynamic process of interstate bank deregulation, we find that exogenous increases in geographic diversity reduce BHC valuations. These findings are consistent with the view that geographic diversity makes it more difficult for shareholders and creditors to monitor firm executives, allowing corporate insiders to extract larger private benefits from firms.
Download or read book Measuring Geographic Diversification and Product Diversification written by David G. Hoopes and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geographic and Industrial Corporate Diversification written by Augustine Duru and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the relation between corporate diversification and CEO compensation. We document that geographic diversification provides a compensation premium, while industrial diversification is associated with lower levels of CEO pay. We also examine the effect of corporate diversification on the structure and performance criteria of CEO compensation contracts. We find that both diversification strategies are associated with a greater use of incentive-based compensation and with a greater reliance on market-based, rather than accounting-based measures of firm performance. Finally, we address the question of whether shareholders reward CEOs for corporate diversification. We document that while value-enhancing geographic diversification is rewarded, non-value-enhancing industrial diversification is penalized.
Download or read book Why Firms Diversify written by Randall Morck and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present empirical evidence that cross-industry diversification, geographic diversification, and firm size add value in the presence of intangibles related to Ramp;D or advertizing, but destroy value in their absence, presumably due to agency problems. This is consistent with synergy stemming from the internalization of markets for information-based assets. This supports Livermore (1935), who found a similar relationship between intangible assets, like Ramp;D or advertising, and superior post-takeover firm performance in the U.S. quot;turn of the centuryquot; merger wave. We also find that the market for corporate control tends to make corrections in the appropriate direction. Firms that are large or diversified, but have few information-based assets, are unusually likely to become hostile takeover targets. In contrast, small undiversified firms with such assets are unusually likely to become targets in friendly mergers.
Download or read book The Performance of Small Firms written by David J. Storey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, originally published in 1987, addresses the question of small firm performance. Drawing on an extensive database containing financial, employment and ownership data for several thousand small firms, the book examines whether small firms do actually provide jobs, whether they grow and why small firms fail. Guidance is given on how to spot the signs of impending failure in a small business, which is of use to accountants small business PR actioners and government grant providers.
Download or read book Bank Geographic Diversification and Corporate Innovation written by Saiying Deng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By integrating the staggered interstate bank deregulation into a gravity model following Goetz, Laeven, and Levine (2013, 2016), we construct a time-varying bank-specific instrument for geographic diversification and investigate its causal effect on corporate innovation via the lending channel. We find that bank geographic diversification spurs corporate innovation, and enhances the economic value of innovation. We identify relaxing debt covenants and alleviating borrowers' financial constraints as the two underlying mechanisms for the documented effects. Moreover, via offering lenient covenants, geographically diversified banks provide greater financial and operational flexibility to borrowing firms, facilitating them to engage in future mergers and acquisitions.
Download or read book Optimal Geographic Diversification and Firm Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corporate Diversification and Firm Value written by Stefan Erdorf and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We survey the recent literature on corporate diversification. How does corporate diversification influence firm value? Does it create or destroy value? Until the beginning of this century, the predominant thinking among researchers and practitioners was that corporate diversification leads to an average discount on firm value; however, several studies cast doubt on the diversification discount. In the last decade, there has been no clear consensus as to whether there is a discount or even a premium on firm value. Recent literature concludes that the effect on value differs from firm to firm and that corporate diversification alone does not drive the discount or premium; rather, the effect is heterogeneous across certain industry settings, economic conditions, and governance structures.
