Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Specialized Tumor Associated Macrophages and Tumor Associated Fibroblast written by Jeff Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) perform various task that are essential for tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor invasion. Growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and the extra cellular matrix in the tumor microenvironments signal the TAMs to perform these tasks. The tumor microenvironment is not homogeneous and can be classified into several distinct regions such as sites of tumor invasion, perivascular, hypoxic and stromal regions. Each of these sites likely has different cytokines and signaling molecules in their microenvironment that might signal and direct the function of TAMs. The purpose of this project is to isolate and analyze TAMs from distinct tumor regions to gain a better understanding of the mechanism behind the specialized role of these TAMs. As a first step towards this goal, micro array analysis was conducted on flow sorted TAMs and developmental macrophages expressing yellow fluorescence protein (YFP). Micro array data from age matched developmental macrophages was compared to TAMS from early, premalignant stage of breast cancer, and late stage metastatic breast cancer to find the genes which were upregulated in TAMs versus developmental macrophages, and in late stage TAMs versus TAMs from the earlier premalignant stage of breast cancer. From this list of genes upregulated in TAMs, candidate cell surface macrophage markers that could be used to classify TAMs based on there association with one of the distinct tumor microenvironments was selected. These candidate markers will be used to visualize macrophages associated with different regions within the tumor microenvironment using immuno-staining of tumor sections. In preliminary work, CD16 was selected as one potential candidate gene that was upregulated late in tumor development compared to earlier stages. Immunostaining indicated CD16 was expressed on a set of macrophages near blood vessels near the tumors, but not in macrophages located within tumors. Further evaluation of these markers would facilitate isolation of different subsets of macrophages within tumor and understanding the function of these macrophages in tumor microenvironment. Another major cell group involved in all the changes in the tumor microenvironment discussed is the fibroblast. Originally the fibroblast inhibits the growth of the tumor. However through natural selection tumors evolve to change the microenvironment and like wise the function the fibroblast are performing to aid in tumor progression rather than suppress tumor progression. These fibroblast reprogrammed by the tumor cells are called tumor associated fibroblast TAFs. TAFs aid in tumor progression by angiogenesis, immune suppression, and matrix remodeling, providing growth and anti apoptotic factors and aid in metastasis by recruiting TAMs. A key gene involved with this is IKK. It is our hypothesis that ablating IKK in the fibroblast will lead to a reduction of tumor growth.
Download or read book Comparative Oncology written by Alecsandru Ioan Baba and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colitis Associated Cancer written by Masato Kusunoki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of patients with colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is on the increase, the purpose of this book is to review the latest topics concerning management of the disease. In recent years, the diagnostic power of endoscopy and molecular pathology has also grown tremendously, as a result of which they now have a far greater influence on the treatment of CAC. At the moment, appropriate monitoring programs for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease remain uncertain. At the same time, the latest findings on DNA methylation and microRNAs hold the promise of making revolutionary changes in these areas. Moreover, recent drug advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases have changed surgical indications. On the other hand, the indication of mucosectomy on colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis and prophylactic abdominoperineal resection for Crohn’s disease remain controversial. This book provides the latest information on the remaining issues of CAC from the point of view of expert surgeons.
Download or read book Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer written by Hans Geinitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the arsenal of “high-precision” or “targeted” radiotherapy includes a variety of techniques and approaches that, like the pieces of a puzzle, need to be put together to provide the prostate cancer patient with high-level optimized radiation treatment. This book examines in detail the role of these innovative radiation techniques in the management of prostate cancer. In addition, a variety of current controversies regarding treatment are carefully explored, including whether prophylactic treatment of the pelvic lymphatics is essential, the magnitude of the effect of dose escalation, whether a benefit accrues from hypofractionation, and what evidence exists for the superiority of protons or heavy ions. Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer: Innovative Techniques and Current Controversies is intended for both radiation oncologists and urologists with an interest in the up-to-date capabilities of modern radiation oncology for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Download or read book The Tumor Stroma written by Jai Prakash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification of the role of tumor stroma—the tissue in the surroundings of cancer cells—in cancer development, progression, and metastasis has revolutionized the fields of cancer biology as well as cancer therapeutics. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this rapidly-evolving field including tumor stroma biology, therapeutic targets, molecular imaging, and advanced tumor stroma in vitro models. The book will serve as a handbook for graduate students, postgraduate researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, and biomedical engineers.
Download or read book Epithelial Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis written by Mohit Kumar Jolly and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have highlighted that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not only about cell migration and invasion, but it can also govern many other important elements such as immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), stem cell properties, therapy resistance, and tumor microenvironment interactions. With the on-going debate about the requirement of EMT for cancer metastasis, an emerging focus on intermediate states of EMT and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) offer new ideas for metastatic requirements and the dynamics of EMT/MET during the entire metastatic cascade. Therefore, we would like to initiate discussions on viewing EMT and its downstream signaling networks as a fulcrum of cellular plasticity, and a facilitator of the adaptive responses of cancer cells to distant organ microenvironments and various therapeutic assaults. We hereby invite scientists who have prominently contributed to this field, and whose valuable insights have led to the appreciation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity as a more comprehensive mediator of the adaptive response of cancer cells, with huge implications in metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, and patient survival.
Download or read book Machine Vision written by E. R. Davies and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-22 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 40 years, machine vision has evolved into a mature field embracing a wide range of applications including surveillance, automated inspection, robot assembly, vehicle guidance, traffic monitoring and control, signature verification, biometric measurement, and analysis of remotely sensed images. While researchers and industry specialists continue to document their work in this area, it has become increasingly difficult for professionals and graduate students to understand the essential theory and practicalities well enough to design their own algorithms and systems. This book directly addresses this need.As in earlier editions, E.R. Davies clearly and systematically presents the basic concepts of the field in highly accessible prose and images, covering essential elements of the theory while emphasizing algorithmic and practical design constraints. In this thoroughly updated edition, he divides the material into horizontal levels of a complete machine vision system. Application case studies demonstrate specific techniques and illustrate key constraints for designing real-world machine vision systems. · Includes solid, accessible coverage of 2-D and 3-D scene analysis.· Offers thorough treatment of the Hough Transform—a key technique for inspection and surveillance.· Brings vital topics and techniques together in an integrated system design approach.· Takes full account of the requirement for real-time processing in real applications.
Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.
Download or read book Interaction of Immune and Cancer Cells written by Magdalena Klink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now, it its second edition, this book summarizes the role of immune cells in tumor suppression and progression. It describes in detail why tumor cells can survive and spread in spite of the antitumor response of immune cells. Since immunotherapy is an attractive approach to cancer therapy, this book also provides information on the two main strategies: monoclonal antibodies and adaptive T cell immunotherapy, with a focus on recent human clinical trials. A newly added chapter also focuses on the role of Natural Killer cells in tumor progression. The book provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of immune cells in cancer and is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working or lecturing in the field of cancer research and immunology.
Download or read book The Basic Science of Oncology written by Ian Tannock and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise text examines cancer causation and biology as well as the biology underlying cancer treatment. Thoroughly updated and reorganized with five new chapters, the Fourth Edition emphasizes new development in molecular biology, hormone therapy, and the pharmacology of anti-cancer drugs. Features updated coverage of the basic science of radiotherapy and experimental radiation in addition to expansive coverage of new drugs developments.
Download or read book Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy written by Peter L. Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid progress in the definition of tumor antigens, and improved immunization methods, bring effective cancer vaccines within reach. In this wide-ranging survey, leading clinicians and scientists review therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies against a variety of diseases and molecular targets. Intended for an interdisciplinary readership, their contributions cover the rationale, development, and implementation of vaccines in human cancer treatment, with specific reference to cancer of the cervix, breast, colon, bladder, and prostate, and to melanoma and lymphoma. They review target identification, delivery vectors and clinical trial design. The book begins and ends with lucid overviews from the editors, that discuss the most recent developments.
Download or read book The M2 Macrophage written by Tamás Röszer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophages are core components of the innate immune system. Once activated, they may have either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects that include pathogen killing, safe disposal of apoptotic cells or tissue renewal. The activation state of macrophages is conceptualized by the so-called M1/M2 model of polarization. M2 macrophages are not simply antagonists of M1 macrophages; rather, they represent a network of tissue resident macrophages with roles in tissue development and organ homeostasis. M2 macrophages govern functions at the interfaces of immunity, tissue development and turnover, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Dysfunction in M2 macrophages can ruin the healthy interplay between the immune system and metabolic processes, and lead to diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, M2 macrophages are essential for healthy tissue development and immunological self-tolerance. Worryingly, these functions of M2 macrophages can also be disrupted, resulting in tumor growth and autoimmunity. This book comprehensively discusses the biology of M2 macrophages, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and highlights key questions that remain unanswered.
Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this volume focuses on non-hematopoietic cells within the tumor microenvironment.Further, it teaches readers about the roles of distinct constituents of the tumor microenvironment and how they affect cancer development. Topics include fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, stellate cells, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: Non-Hematopoietic Cells updates us on what we know about the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment as well as future directions. Useful for introducing the newer generation of researchers to the history of how scientists focused in the tumor microenvironment and how this knowledge is currently applied for cancer treatments, it will be essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment. All of the chapter authors are renowned international experts in the cancer biology field in specific subfields that will be the focus of their chapters.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Manfred Wirth and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retinoids in Oncology written by Waun Ki Hong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-11 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in basic research that are relevant to the application of retinoids for cancer prevention and treatment.;Organized in a quick-referral format by specific disease site, this book: describes the effects of retinoids on squamous differentiation in normal, pre-malignant, and malignant epithelial tissues; addresses the mechanisms by which cultured keratinocytes respond to retinoids; considers the antitumor activity of combination therapy with retinoids and cytokines; reviews the toxicity profiles of the vitamin A molecule and the synthetically derived retinoid compounds and their effects on humans; examines the use of retinoids in the prevention of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in the therapy of advanced SCC; and summarizes data on the potential of retinoids to prevent epithelial cancer, to act as adjuvants to current therapies in early stages of the disease and to aid in the management of both solid tumours and hematologic malignancies.;A guide for the many disciplines involved in the preclinical studies and direct care of cancer patients, this book serves as useful reading for clinical, surgical and radiation oncologists; clinical immunologists; dermatologists; obstetricians/gynaecologists; haematologists; otolaryngologists; internists; nutritionists; and pulmonary-disease specialists.
