Download or read book Gas Viscosity at High Pressure and High Temperature written by Kegang Ling and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas viscosity is one of the gas properties that is vital to petroleum engineering. Its role in the oil and gas production and transportation is indicated by its contribution in the resistance to the flow of a fluid both in porous media and pipes. Although viscosity of some pure components such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and binary mixtures of these components at low-intermediate pressure and temperature had been studied intensively and been understood thoroughly, very few investigations were performed on viscosity of naturally occurring gases, especially gas condensates at low-intermediate pressure and temperature, even fewer lab data were published. No gas viscosity data at high pressures and high temperatures (HPHT) is available. Therefore this gap in the oil industry still needs to be filled. Gas viscosity at HPHT becomes crucial to modern oil industry as exploration and production move to deep formation or deep water where HPHT is not uncommon. Therefore, any hydrocarbon encountered there is more gas than oil due to the chemical reaction causing oil to transfer to gas as temperature increases. We need gas viscosity to optimize production rate for production system, estimate reserves, model gas injection, design drilling fluid, and monitor gas movement in well control. Current gas viscosity correlations are derived using measured data at low-moderate pressures and temperatures, and then extrapolated to HPHT. No measured gas viscosities at HPHT are available so far. The validities of these correlations for gas viscosity at HPHT are doubted due to lack of experimental data. In this study, four types of viscometers are evaluated and their advantages and disadvantages are listed. The falling body viscometer is used to measure gas viscosity at a pressure range of 3000 to 25000 psi and a temperature range of 100 to 415 °F. Nitrogen viscosity is measured to take into account of the fact that the concentration of nonhydrocarbons increase drastically in HPHT reservoir. More nitrogen is found as we move to HPHT reservoirs. High concentration nitrogen in natural gas affects not only the heat value of natural gas, but also gas viscosity which is critical to petroleum engineering. Nitrogen is also one of common inject gases in gas injection projects, thus an accurate estimation of its viscosity is vital to analyze reservoir performance. Then methane viscosity is measured to honor that hydrocarbon in HPHT which is almost pure methane. From our experiments, we found that while the Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin correlation estimates gas viscosity at a low-moderate pressure and temperature accurately, it cannot give good match of gas viscosity at HPHT. Apparently, current correlations need to be modified to predict gas viscosity at HPHT. New correlations constructed for HPHT conditions based on our experiment data give more confidence on gas viscosity.
Download or read book Viscosities of Natural Gases at High Pressures and High Temperatures written by Anup Viswanathan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of viscosities of naturally occurring petroleum gases provides the information needed to accurately work out reservoir-engineering problems. Existing models for viscosity prediction are limited by data, especially at high pressures and high temperatures. Studies show that the predicted viscosities of natural gases using the current correlation equations are about 15 % higher than the corresponding measured viscosities at high pressures and high temperatures. This project proposes to develop a viscosity prediction model for natural gases at high pressures and high temperatures. The project shows that commercial gas viscosity measurement devices currently available suffer from a variety of problems and do not give reliable or repeatable results. However, at the extremely high pressures encountered in high pressure and high temperature reservoirs, the natural gases consist mainly of methane as the hydrocarbon constituent and some non-hydrocarbon impurities. Available viscosity values of methane were used in the development of a correlation for predicting the viscosities of naturally occurring petroleum gases at high pressures and high temperatures. In the absence of measurements, this correlation can be used with some confidence.
Download or read book Estimated Viscosities and Thermal Conductivities of Gases at High Temperatures written by Roger A. Svehla and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viscosities and thermal conductivities, suitable for heat-transfer calculations, were estimated for about 200 gases in the ground state from 100° to 5000° K and 1-atm pressure. Free radicals were included, but excited states and ions were not. Calculations for the transport coefficients were based upon the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential for all gases. Intermolecular force constants for this potential were obtained from experimental viscosity data or were estimated when data were not available. The same set of constants was used to calculate both viscosity and conductivity. An Eucken-type correction for exchange between internal and translational energies was made for thermal conductivities of polyatomic gases.
Download or read book Viscosity of Gases in Metric Units written by James Torrance Ritchie Watson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viscosity Measurement of Gases at High Temperature and High Pressure written by Yong Sub Won and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Temperature Coefficients of Gas Viscosity written by Willard James Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viscosity of Natural Gas written by William Bennett Berwald and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Investigation on High pressure High temperature Viscosity of Gas Mixtures written by Ehsan Davani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling the performance of high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) natural gas reservoirs requires the understanding of gas behavior at such conditions. In particular, gas viscosity is an important fluid property that directly affects fluid flow through porous media and along production flowlines. Accurate measurements of gas viscosity at HPHT conditions are both extremely difficult and expensive. Unfortunately, the correlations available today do not have a sufficiently broad range of applicability in terms of pressure and temperature since no measured gas viscosities at HPHT are currently available. Thus the correlation accuracy may be doubtful for the prediction of gas viscosity at HPHT conditions. An oscillating-piston viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of mixtures of nitrogen and methane, and mixtures of CO2 and methane at a pressure range of 5,000 to 25,000 psi, and a temperature range of 100 to 360 degrees F. The viscosity of mixtures of nitrogen and methane, and mixtures of CO2 and methane measured to take into account of the fact that the concentration of non-hydrocarbons increase significantly in HPHT reservoir. The recorded measured data were then used to evaluate the reliability of the most commonly used correlations in the petroleum industry. Measured gas viscosity data at HPHT conditions suggest that the most common gas viscosity correlations return up to 9% relative error in gas recovery factor, which translates into a significant error in estimating the ultimate recovery for large HPHT natural gas reservoirs. Thus, the current gas viscosity correlations need to be adjusted to estimate gas viscosity at HPHT conditions. New gas viscosity correlations constructed for HPHT conditions developed based upon our experiment data provide more confidence on gas viscosity. A rolling ball viscometer was also used to assess its capability to measure gas viscosity. Using gas instead of liquid to calibrate a rolling ball viscometer over the entire pressure and temperature range of interest appears to be satisfactory. Optimizing tube inclination angle and ball/tube diameter ratio prevents turbulent flow effects around the ball, thus enhancing the accuracy of the measurement. The proposed calibration method was then verified with pure CO2 at a pressure range of 4,000 to 8,000 psi, and a temperature range of 98 to 240° F. Consequently, rolling ball viscometer was introduced as a good candidate to measure the gas viscosity; however it has not been tested at HPHT conditions yet.
Download or read book The Viscosity of Gases at High Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure written by Howard Weiner and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Thermohydrodynamic Lubrication and Seals written by Bai Shaoxian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas Thermohydrodynamic Lubrication and Seals provides contemporary theory and methods for thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis in the design of gas bearings and seals. The title includes information on gas state equations and gas property, derivation of gas thermohydrodynamic lubrication equations, the theory of isothermal gas lubrication, thermal gas lubrication of rigid surfaces, gas thermoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication of face seals, vapor-condensed gas lubrication of face seals, experimental methods, and the design of gas face seals. Readers will find state-of-the-art, practical knowledge based on fifty years of research and application. Describes thermohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for the design of gas bearings and seals Considers the increased operational speed, pressure and temperature of mechanical equipment in relation to gas bearings and seals Describes multi-field coupled gas lubrication theory and analytical methods Provides a model and detailed data on the lubricating properties of typical gas bearings and seals Gives comprehensive coverage of the field based on a half-century of research and application
Download or read book The Viscosity of Gases at High Pressures written by Reginald Oswald Gibson and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparison of Methods to Compute High temperature Gas Viscosity written by Grant Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Temperature Gas Dynamics written by Tarit K. Bose and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A class-tested primer for students, scientists and engineers who would like to have a basic understanding of the physics and the behaviour of high-temperature gases. It is a valuable tool for astrophysicists as well. The first chapters treat the basic principles of quantum and statistical mechanics and how to derive thermophysical properties from them. Special topics are included that are rarely found in other textbooks, such as the thermophysical and transport properties of multi-temperature gases and a novel method to compute radiative transfer.
Download or read book Viscosity of Dense Fluids written by Karl Stephan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physical properties of fluids are perhaps among the most extensively investigated physical constants of any single group of materials. This is particularly true of the thermodynamic prop erties of pure substances since the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium provides the simplest considerations for experimental measurement as well as theoretical treatment. In the case of non equilibrium transport properties, the situation is significantly complicated by the necessity of measurement of gradients in the experiment and the mathematical difficulties in handling non equilibrium distribution functions in theoretical treatments. Hence, our knowledge of the trans port properties of gases and liquids is perhaps one order of magnitude lower than for equilibrium thermodynamic properties. This situation is very much apparent when examining the available nu merical data on the viscosity of fluids particularly at high pressures. In this work, the authors have performed an outstanding contribution to the engineering literature by their critical evaluation of the pressure dependence of the available data on the viscosity of selected substances. The recommended values reported in the tables and figures also incorporate the saturated liquid and gas states as well as the data of the dilute gas in an attempt to integrate the present work with the recently published work by CINDAS/Purdue University on the viscosity of fluids at low pressures [166]. A deliberate effort was made to treat as many of the substances in the CINDAS volume as possible for which adequate high pressure data exist.
Download or read book Viscosity of Gases and Gas Mixtures written by I. F. Golubev and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viscosity of Gas Mixtures written by Richard S. Brokaw and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Direct Determination of the Viscosity of Gases at High Pressures and Temperatures written by J. Kestin and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
