Download or read book Galaxy Cluster Mass Proxies written by Kevin W. Fogarty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precision Cosmology with Galaxy Cluster Surveys written by Hao-Yi Wu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acceleration of the universe, which is often attributed to "dark energy, " has posed one of the main challenges to fundamental physics. Galaxy clusters provide one of the most sensitive probes of dark energy because their abundance reflects the growth rate of large-scale structure and the expansion rate of the universe. Several large galaxy cluster surveys will soon provide tremendous statistical power to constrain the properties of dark energy; however, the constraining power of these surveys will be determined by how well systematic errors are controlled. Of these systematic errors, the dominant one comes from inferring cluster masses using observable signals of clusters, the so-called "observable--mass distribution." This thesis focuses on extracting dark energy information from forthcoming large galaxy cluster surveys, including how we maximize the cosmological information, how we control important systematics, and how precisely we need to calibrate theoretical models. We study how multi-wavelength follow-up observations can improve cluster mass calibration in optical surveys. We also investigate the impact of theoretical uncertainties in calibrating the spatial distributions of galaxy clusters on dark energy constraints. In addition, we explore how the formation history of galaxy clusters impacts the self-calibration of cluster mass. In addition, we use N-body simulations to develop a new statistical sample of cluster-size halos in order to further understand the observable--mass distribution. We study the completeness of subhalos in our cluster sample by comparing them with the satellite galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We also study how subhalo selections impact the inferred correlation between formation time and optical mass tracers, including cluster richness and velocity dispersion.
Download or read book Cosmic Stellar Explosions and Galaxy Cluster Weak Gravitational Lensing written by Patrick Laughlin Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of supernova (SN) explosions and galaxy clusters have been essential to the construction of the standard $\Lambda$-CDM cosmological model. Type Ia SN are powerful probes of the cosmic expansion history and were the tools used to discover cosmic acceleration more than a decade ago. They are the thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars, and regular patterns in their light curves and luminosities enable distance measurements with a precision of ~10%. Core-collapse SN, which signal instead the deaths of young, massive stars, also have use as cosmological distance indicators and can be detected, when accompanied by a GRB, to very high redshift. A very different technique for constraining cosmological parameters is to measure the distribution of galaxy clusters as a function of mass and redshift within well-defined X-ray or optical surveys. For this method, the current limiting systematic uncertainty is the calibration of galaxy-cluster mass proxies such as total X-ray luminosity or cluster richness. In this thesis, I discuss the discovery that SNe Ia found in more massive host galaxies are ~10% brighter, after light curve corrections for stretch and color, than those in less massive galaxies. I also demonstrate the existence of strong patterns among the explosion environments of core-collapse SN which point to the effects of progenitor mass and metallicity on massive stellar evolution. Finally, I present a weak-lensing mass analysis of 51 X-ray--luminous galaxy clusters. The inclusion of these lensing mass estimates in current cosmological analyses will improve significantly the calibration of X-ray mass proxies and increase both the accuracy and precision of galaxy cluster cosmological constraints.
Download or read book MaxBCG written by Benjamin Patrick Koester and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Environment on High redshift Cluster Galaxies written by Anna Delahaye and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Galaxy properties such as colour, star-formation rate, and morphology are influenced by the environments in which they reside. In particular, the environments of galaxy clusters have been shown be very efficient at quenching star-formation and altering other observed galactic properties, although the specific mechanisms responsible for this evolution are not fully understood. Additionally, the effect that the cluster environment has on galaxies does not appear to be consistent at all redshifts, with high-redshift cluster galaxies having different observed properties compared to their local counterparts. In this thesis, two studies are presented that investigate the role of high-redshift galaxy cluster environments on their galactic populations.The first study is an extensive photometric survey of the supercluster RCS2319+00, a massive supercluster system comprising three virialized cluster cores in close proximity with one another in projected space as well as redshift space. The system is located at a redshift of z = 0.9 and is expected to merge into a single 10^15 solar mass cluster by z = 0.5, and is therefore a progenitor of the most massive cluster systems we see in the nearby universe today. Spectroscopic and submillimetre surveys have previously uncovered a complicated system of filamentary structure and infalling groups. To complement the previous studies, we assemble a large multiwavelength catalogue to identify cluster members based on photometric properties.With a photometric catalogue complete with photometric redshifts for over 16,000 objects across the central RCS2319 field, we compile a cluster catalogue of nearly 1,800 cluster members. Using proxies for both local and global environments, we investigate the mass and colour properties of cluster galaxies depending on their specific environments within the supercluster. While we do not find a strong dependence on global environment, we do recover both a mass-density and colour-density relation depending on the local overdensity suggesting that immediate surroundings influence galactic properties more strongly than the overall structure in which it resides.The second study presented investigates the presence of merging systems in high-redshift cluster environments compared to the field. We use a sample of four galaxy clusters (1.59
Download or read book Internal Dynamics of Galaxy Clusters in the Red Sequence Cluster Survey written by Kris Blindert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We compute the global dynamical properties of the clusters in our survey, such as velocity dispersion and mass, and use them to explore the properties of RCS clusters as functions of total cluster mass. In particular, we first examine the optical richness as an inexpensive proxy for mass. The calibration of this relation is an important ingredient in the construction of the cluster mass function, which is used to constrain cosmological parameters. Our relation and scatter are consistent with self-calibrated cosmological parameter results. We also study the cluster mass-to-light ratios, and how they scale with mass. We compare our results to other observations and to structure formation models. Although the scatter in this relation is large, we find agreement among remarkably different types of galaxy clusters and groups; however, current structure formation models do not accurately reproduce the variation of M/L with mass. We present a spectroscopic survey of clusters of galaxies, designed to explore the distribution of matter, and its relation to light, in these massive systems. Our sample is drawn from the Red-sequence Cluster Survey (RCS), and is composed of 33 clusters with a wide range of optical richness and a moderate range of redshift. We obtained spectra of 56 to 529 objects per cluster, which yielded over 3500 redshifts of which 1014 are cluster members. To account for survey incompleteness due to sparse sampling, we constructed several empirical corrections so that our redshift catalogue is suitable for use in dynamical analysis. To boost statistics and allow us to perform a more detailed dynamical analysis of clusters, we stack our data into "ensemble" clusters. Cosmological simulations predict a roughly universal density profile for dark matter haloes over many scales, and a relation between halo mass and the concentration of the profile. We analyse the ensembles using the jeans equations, and recover density profiles for several ensemble clusters of different masses. Although the sampling of our data at small radii is insufficient to constrain some quantities of interest such as the inner core slope of the density profile, we can constrain the concentrations and orbital anisotropies for the ensemble clusters. We find they agree with predictions and previous observations: namely, that galaxies in clusters follow roughly isotropic orbits, and the concentrations of cluster density profiles are consistent with the prediction one would obtain from their masses. We also estimate the variation of concentration with redshift, finding a slightly stronger evolution than expected.
Download or read book Modified Gravity Progresses And Outlook Of Theories Numerical Techniques And Observational Tests written by Baojiu Li and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modified gravity theories have been a main focus of theoretical cosmology research in the past decade or so, and have been quickly developing into a mature research field that attracts attention, interest and effort from both theoretical and observational cosmologists. To be prepared for fully exploiting the future observational data, and to provide a guidance for people who are new to this field, it is useful to have a comprehensive review to summarise the current state of knowledge and to foresee the future developments.This book presents expert reviews on different topics in the field, which are then coordinated and organised in a self-consistent and self-contained manner. It is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in the frontier research of gravity theories.
Download or read book Bayesian Statistics from Methods to Models and Applications written by Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Bayesian Young Statisticians Meeting (BAYSM 2014) and the research presented here facilitate connections among researchers using Bayesian Statistics by providing a forum for the development and exchange of ideas. WU Vienna University of Business and Economics hosted BAYSM 2014 from September 18th to the 19th. The guidance of renowned plenary lecturers and senior discussants is a critical part of the meeting and this volume, which follows publication of contributions from BAYSM 2013. The meeting's scientific program reflected the variety of fields in which Bayesian methods are currently employed or could be introduced in the future. Three brilliant keynote lectures by Chris Holmes (University of Oxford), Christian Robert (Université Paris-Dauphine), and Mike West (Duke University), were complemented by 24 plenary talks covering the major topics Dynamic Models, Applications, Bayesian Nonparametrics, Biostatistics, Bayesian Methods in Economics, and Models and Methods, as well as a lively poster session with 30 contributions. Selected contributions have been drawn from the conference for this book. All contributions in this volume are peer-reviewed and share original research in Bayesian computation, application, and theory.
Download or read book Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Astronomy and Astrophysics. The editors have built Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Astronomy and Astrophysics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology written by Peter Schneider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition has been updated and substantially expanded. Starting with the description of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, this cogently written textbook introduces the reader to the astronomy of galaxies, their structure, active galactic nuclei, evolution and large scale distribution in the Universe. After an extensive and thorough introduction to modern observational and theoretical cosmology, the focus turns to the formation of structures and astronomical objects in the early Universe. The basics of classical astronomy and stellar astrophysics needed for extragalactic astronomy are provided in the appendix. While this book has grown out of introductory university courses on astronomy and astrophysics and includes a set of problems and solutions, it will not only benefit undergraduate students and lecturers; thanks to the comprehensive coverage of the field, even graduate students and researchers specializing in related fields will appreciate it as a valuable reference work.
Download or read book A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science written by Space Telescope Science Institute (U.S.). Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hubble Space Telescope has made some of the most dramatic discoveries in the history of astronomy. From its vantage point 600km above the Earth, Hubble is able to capture images and spectra that would be difficult or impossible to obtain from the ground. This volume represents some of the most important scientific achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope in its first decade of operation. Written by world experts, this is an indispensable collection of review articles for researchers and graduate students.
Download or read book Handbook of X ray and Gamma ray Astrophysics written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 5912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating Feedback and Relaxation in Clusters of Galaxies with the Chandra X ray Observatory written by Kenneth W. Cavagnolo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globular Clusters Guides to Galaxies written by Tom Richtler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal question of whether and how globular clusters can contribute to a better understanding of galaxy formation and evolution is perhaps the main driving force behind the overall endeavour of studying globular cluster systems. Naturally, this splits up into many individual problems. The objective of the Joint ESO-FONDAP Workshop on Globular Clusters - Guides to Galaxies was to bring together researchers, both observational and theoretical, to present and discuss the most recent results. Topics covered in these proceedings are: internal dynamics of globular clusters and interaction with host galaxies (tidal tails, evolution of cluster masses), accretion of globular clusters, detailed descriptions of nearby cluster systems, ultracompact dwarfs, formations of massive clusters in mergers and elsewhere, the ACS Virgo survey, galaxy formation and globular clusters, dynamics and kinematics of globular cluster systems and dark matter-related problems. With its wide coverage of the topic, this book constitutes a valuable reference of the scientific knowledge of the field.
Download or read book Encyclopedia Of Cosmology The In 4 Volumes written by Rennan Barkana and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 1402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Cosmology is a new and exciting project which will be a major, long-lasting, seminal reference (a set of four major volumes) at the graduate student level, laid out by the most prominent, respected researchers in the general field of Cosmology. These volumes will be a comprehensive review of the most important concepts and current status in the field of Cosmology of the Universe, covering both theory and observation.One of the most exciting parts of the encyclopedia is that it will exist in both print and, more importantly, electronic forms, perhaps even with some level of interactivity with material such as expanded explanations, movie clips, dynamic pictures, examples of on-line computation, etc. The electronic version will also reflect constant updates of the material. It will be a truly unique publication, unlike anything any of us have seen or known of in existence today.This comprehensive encyclopedia is edited by Dr. Giovanni Fazio from Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, with an advisory board comprised of renowned scientists: Lars Hernquist and Abraham Loeb (Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), and Christopher McKee (UC Berkeley). Each volume is authored/edited by a specialist in the area: Galaxy Formation and Evolution written by Rennan Barkana (Tel Aviv University), Numerical Simulations in Cosmology edited by Kentaro Nagamine (Osaka University / University of Nevada), Dark Energy written by Shinji Tsujikawa (Tokyo University of Science), and Dark Matter written by Jihn Kim (Seoul National University).
Download or read book Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters IAU C195 written by International Astronomical Union. Colloquium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Colloquium no. 195, held in Torino, Italy in 2004. The meeting investigated the formation of galaxies within a full cosmological context, focusing on the outer regions of galaxy clusters. The observed correlation of optical and radio properties of galaxies with their environment indicates that the formation and evolution of galaxies is intimately linked to the formation of large scale structure. With chapters written by leading authorities in the field, this timely volume investigates the role of the environment in determining the properties of galaxies. It describes the distribution of matter and galaxies on the largest scales in the Universe, the processes of cluster and galaxy formation, their role and interplay. This is a valuable collection of review articles for professional astronomers.
Download or read book Groups and Clusters of Galaxies in the DEEP2 Survey written by Brian Francis Gerke and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
