Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis Studied by Particle Beams written by H.H. Brongersma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present day heterogeneous catalysis is rapidly being transformed from a technical art into a science-based technology. A major contribution to this important change is the advance of surface spectroscopic techniques able to characterize the complex surfaces of the heterogeneous catalytic system. The Advanced Study Institute (on which the current proceedings is based) has as its primary aim the bringing together of a variety of lecturers, outstanding in those fields of experience, to enable a broad coverage of different relevant approaches. Not only catalyst characterization but also catalytic reactivity had to be covered in order to relate catalyst properties with catalyst performance. Since modern catalysis relates catalytic performance to microscopic molecular catalyst features, theoretical electronic aspects also had to be included. The Advanced Study Institute had a unique feature in that it brought together physicists, catalytic chemists and chemical engineers whom rarely directly interact. From physics especially new experimental possibilities of beams were emphasized. At present it is possible to obtain very detailed information on model catalysts, whilst the applications to practical catalysts are gaining rapidly in sophistication. Apart from the plenary lectures, the Institute included "hot topics" to highlight special developments and offered participants the opportunity to present contributed papers (either orally or as a poster). These contributions formed an integral part of the summer school and significantly enhanced the interaction between participants. Inclusion of the hot topics and contributed papers in these proceedings give them an added topical value.

Download or read book Mechanisms In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Rutger A Van Santen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-06-28 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous catalysis has developed over the past two centuries as a technology driven by the needs of society, and is part of Nobel Prize-winning science. This book describes the spectacular increase in molecular understanding of heterogenous catalytic reactions in important industrial processes. Reaction mechanism and kinetics are discussed with a unique focus on their relation with the inorganic chemistry of the catalyst material. An introductory chapter presents the development of catalysis science and catalyst discovery from a historical perspective. Five chapters that form the thrust of the book are organized by type of reaction, reactivity principles, and mechanistic theories, which provide the scientific basis to structure-function relationships of catalyst performance. Present-day challenges to catalysis are sketched in a final chapter. Written by one of the world's leading experts on the topic, this definitive text is an essential reference for students, researchers and engineers working in this multibillion-dollar field.

Download or read book Surface Science written by Russel F. Howe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface science has existed as a recognized discipline for more than 20 years. During this period, the subject has expanded in two important ways. On the one hand, the techniques available for studying surfaces, both experimental and theoretical, have grown in number and in sophistication. On the other hand, surface science has been applied to an increasing number of areas of technology, such as catalysis, semicon ductor processing, new materials development, corrosion prevention, adhesion and tribology. . There is, however, no sharp division between fundamental and applied surface science. New techniques can immediately be applied to technologically important problems. Improvements in understanding of fundamental phenomena such as epi taxial growth of one metal on another, or the bonding of hydrocarbons to metal sur faces, to name just two examples, have direct consequences for technology. Surface science has also become very much an interdisciplinary subject; physics, chemistry, materials science, chemical and electronical engineering all draw upon and contribute to surface science. The intimate relationship between principles and applications of surface science forms the theme of this proceedings volume. The contributions were all presented as invited lectures at an Australian-German Workshop on Surface Science held at Coogee Beach, Sydney, Australia, in December 1991. The contributors, all active surface scientists in their respective countries, were asked to highlight recent develop ments in their own areas of activity involving new techniques, advances in funda mental understanding or new applications in technology.

Download or read book Science of Ceramic Interfaces II written by J. Nowotny and published by Newnes. This book was released on 1995-01-13 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers arose from the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Interfaces of Ceramic Materials held in Australia, 1993 and is a continuation of the previous book published under the same title. The objective of the Workshop was to discuss research progress on the chemistry of ceramic interfaces and related industrial aspects. Due to the multidisciplinary character of ceramic interfaces the book contains articles covering several areas of expertise, including ceramics, surface science, solid state electrochemistry, metallurgy and high temperature chemistry. Some technical papers are also included in this volume. Scientists and engineers working in these areas, as well as students in materials science and engineering, will find this book of particular significance.

Download or read book Spectroscopy in Catalysis written by J. W. Niemantsverdriet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Spectroscopy in Catalysis' describes the most important modern analytical techniques used to investigate catalytic surfaces. These include electron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS, AES, EELS), ion spectroscopy (SIMS, SNMS, RBS, LEIS), vibrational spectroscopy (infrared, Raman, EELS), temperature-programmed techniques (TPR, TPO, TDS), diffraction (XRD, LEED, EXAFS), and microscopy (TEM, SEM, STEM, STM, AFM, FEM, and FIM). Each chapter uses current applications to illustrate the type of information that the technique provides and evaluates its possibilities and limitations. This second edition includes significant new developments, for example scanning probe microscopies, the imaging and vibrational techniques have been revised, the case studies expanded with an example on polymerization catalysts, and all the other chapters updated with recent examples and relevant new literature. From reviews of the First Edition: 'This is a truly valuable book ... very useful for industrial practitioners who need to be aware of the type of information that can be obtained from modern surface spectroscopies .... The book has a superb pedagogic value...' Journal of Catalysis '... this is an excellent text on spectroscopies in catalysis and I highly recommend it for ... introductory courses on heterogeneous catalysis or as a general introductory monograph.' Journal of the American Chemical Society

Download or read book Catalysis written by J.A. Moulijn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-09-09 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is a multidisciplinary activity which is reflected in this book. The editors have chosen a novel combination of basic disciplines - homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis with metallic and non-metallic solids. The main theme of the book is the molecular approach to industrial catalysis. In the introductory section Chapter 1 presents a brief survey of the history of industrial heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, a selection of current industrial catalytic processes is described (Chapter 2). A broad spectrum of important catalytic applications is presented, including the basic chemistry, some engineering aspects, feedstock sources and product utilisation. In Chapter 3, kinetic principles are treated. The section on fundamental catalysis begins with a description of the bonding in complexes and to surfaces (Chapter 4). The elementary steps on complexes and surfaces are described. The chapter on heterogeneous catalysis (5) deals with the mechanistic aspects of three groups of important reactions: syn-gas conversion, hydrogenation, and oxidation. The main principles of metal and metal oxide catalysis are presented. Likewise, the chapter on homogeneous catalysis (6) concentrates on three reactions representing examples from three areas: carbonylation, polymerization, and asymmetric catalysis. Identification by in situ techniques has been included. Many constraints to the industrial use of a catalyst have a macroscopic origin. In applied catalysis it is shown how catalytic reaction engineering deals with such macroscopic considerations in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous catalysis (Chapter 7). The transport and kinetic phenomena in both model reactors and industrial reactors are outlined. The section on catalyst preparation (Chapters 8 and 9) is concerned with the preparation of catalyst supports, zeolites, and supported catalysts, with an emphasis on general principles and mechanistic aspects. For the supported catalysts the relation between the preparative method and the surface chemistry of the support is highlighted. The molecular approach is maintained throughout. The first chapter (10) in the section on catalyst characterization summarizes the most common spectroscopic techniques used for the characterisation of heterogeneous catalysts such as XPS, Auger, EXAFS, etc. Temperature programmed techniques, which have found widespread application in heterogeneous catalysis both in catalyst characterization and simulation of pretreatment procedures, are discussed in Chapter 11. A discussion of texture measurement, theory and application, concludes this section (12). The final chapter (13) gives an outline of current trends in catalysis. Two points of view are adopted: the first one focusses on developments in process engineering. Most often these have their origin in demands by society for better processes. The second point of view draws attention to the autonomous developments in catalysis, which is becoming one of the frontier sciences of physics and chemistry. In this book emphasis is on those reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts of industrial relevance. The integrative treatment of the subject matter involves many disciplines, consequently, the writing of the book has been a multi-author task. The editors have carefully planned and harmonized the contents of the chapters.

Download or read book Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts 2 Volume Set written by Michel Che and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book provides an overview of physical techniques used to characterize the structure of solid materials, on the one hand, and to investigate the reactivity of their surface, on the other. Therefore this book is a must-have for anyone working in fields related to surface reactivity. Among the latter, and because of its most important industrial impact, catalysis has been used as the directing thread of the book. After the preface and a general introduction to physical techniques by M. Che and J.C. Vedrine, two overviews on physical techniques are presented by G. Ertl and Sir J.M. Thomas for investigating model catalysts and porous catalysts, respectively. The book is organized into four parts: Molecular/Local Spectroscopies, Macroscopic Techniques, Characterization of the Fluid Phase (Gas and/ or Liquid), and Advanced Characterization. Each chapter focuses upon the following important themes: overview of the technique, most important parameters to interpret the experimental data, practical details, applications of the technique, particularly during chemical processes, with its advantages and disadvantages, conclusions.

Download or read book Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films written by Hans-Joachim Freund and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films introduces to a new and topical field of surface science for which rather little experience is available at present. It reviews the recent results of the employed analytical methods comprising all modern surface techniques including scanning tunneling microscopy and various kinds of electron spectroscopies. The present status of this new, clearly defined field of surface science is nearly completely overviewed by contributions from most of the research groups active in this field. The book is meant as a basis for the expected rapid development in this area with applications in catalysis, thin-film and semiconductor technology, sensors, electrochemistry, controlled preparation of ultrathin epitaxial surfaces, and interfaces of insultors as well as future molecular electronics.

Download or read book X ray Absorption Fine Structure for Catalysts and Surfaces written by Yasuhiro Iwasawa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a powerful technique in characterization of structures and electronic states of materials in many research fields including, e.g., catalysts, semiconductors, optical ingredients, magnetic materials, and surfaces. This characterization technique could be applied in a static or a dynamic state (in-situ condition). The XAFS can provide information that is not accessible by other techniques for characterization of materials, particularly catalysts and related surfaces. Furthermore, XAFS can provide a molecular-level approach to the study of reaction mechanisms for the understanding of catalysts and development of new catalysts. A number of synchrotron radiation facilities have been planned to be built in Asian countries in addition to the high-brilliant synchrotron radiation facilities under construction in the USA, Europe, and Japan. The applications of XAFS have now expanded to catalytic chemistry and engineering, surface science, organometallic chemistry, materials science, solid-state chemistry, geophysics, etc. This book caters to a wide range of researchers and students working in the domain or related topics.

Download or read book Microscopic Aspects of Nonlinearity in Condensed Matter written by Alan R. Bishop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Florence, Italy, June 7--13, 1990

Download or read book Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials written by Alessandro Trovarelli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-01-18 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of CeO2-based materials in catalysis has attracted considerable attention in recent years, particularly in applications like environmental catalysis, where ceria has shown great potential. This book critically reviews the most recent advances in the field, with the focus on both fundamental and applied issues. The first few chapters cover structural and chemical properties of ceria and related materials, i.e. phase stability, reduction behaviour, synthesis, interaction with probe molecules (CO, O2, NO), and metal–support interaction — all presented from the viewpoint of catalytic applications. The use of computational techniques and ceria surfaces and films for model catalytic studies are also reviewed. The second part of the book provides a critical evaluation of the role of ceria in the most important catalytic processes: three-way catalysis, catalytic wet oxidation and fluid catalytic cracking. Other topics include oxidation–combustion catalysts, electrocatalysis and the use of cerium catalysts/additives in diesel soot abatement technology. Contents:Mining, Production, Application and Safety Issues of Cerium-based Materials (K Schermanz)Structural Properties and Nonstoichiometric Behavior of CeO2 (A Trovarelli)Synthesis and Modification of Ceria-based Materials (G Adachi & T Masui)Chemical and Nanostructural Aspects of the Preparation and Characterisation of Ceria and Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide-Supported Metal Catalysts (S Bernal et al.)Studies of Ceria-containing Catalysts Using Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Based Spectroscopies (J C Conesa et al.)Structural Properties and Thermal Stability of Ceria-Zirconia and Related Materials (J Ka©par & P Fornasiero)Oxygen Storage/Redox Capacity and Related Phenomena on Ceria-based Catalysts (D Duprez & C Descorme)Computer Simulation Studies of Ceria-based Oxides (M Saiful Islam & G Balducci)Ceria Surfaces and Films for Model Catalytic Studies Using Surface Analysis Techniques (S H Overbury & D R Mullins)Ceria and Other Oxygen Storage Components in Automotive Catalysts (M Shelef et al.)SO2 Poisoning of Ceria-Supported, Metal Catalysts (R J Gorte & T Luo)Cerium and Platinum Based Diesel Fuel Additives in the Diesel Soot Abatement Technology (M Makkee et al.)Fundamentals and Applications of Ceria in Combustion Reactions (M Primet & E Garbowski)Ceria-based Wet-Oxidation Catalysts (S Imamura)Ceria-based Electrodes (M Mogensen)The Use of Ceria in FCC, Dehydrogenation and Other Catalytic Applications (M Boaro et al.) Readership: Graduate students, researchers, academics and industrialists in catalyst, industrial, physical and solid state chemistry, as well as chemical engineering and materials science. Reviews:“… this book represents an excellent review of the applicability and the full potential of ceria in catalysis, but it is also recommended as a starting platform for non-experts in order to become acquainted with important aspects of environmental catalysis.”Applied Catalysis B: Environmental “… this book is an excellent compendium on the science, technology, and applications of ceria-based catalysts. It provides useful overviews, both to graduate students beginning their scientific careers in the field of catalysis and to industrial researchers working in the fields of industrial, environmental, and automotive catalysts.”Journal of the American Chemical Society

Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Download or read book Electrochemical Science for a Sustainable Society written by Kohei Uosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book honors Professor. John O’M. Bockris, presenting authoritative reviews on some of the subjects to which he made significant contributions – i.e., electrocatalysis, fuel cells, electrochemical theory, electrochemistry of single crystals, in situ techniques, rechargeable batteries, passivity, and solar-fuels – and revealing the roles of electrochemical science and technology in achieving a sustainable society. Electrochemistry has long been an object of study and is now growing in importance, not only because of its fundamental scientific interest but also because of the central role it is expected to play in a future sustainable society. Professor John O’M. Bockris contributed greatly to various aspects of fundamental and applied electrochemistry – such as the structure of the double layer, kinetics and mechanism of the electrochemistry of hydrogen and oxygen, electrocatalysis, adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of small organic molecules, fuel cells, electrocrystallization, theoretical electrochemistry, new methods, photoelectrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry, corrosion and passivity, hydrogen in metals, ionic solutions and ionic liquids, and molten silicates and glasses, as well as socio-economic issues such as the hydrogen economy – for over half a century from 1945 until his retirement in 1997.

Download or read book Physico chemical Analysis of Industrial Catalysts written by John Lynch and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2003 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the principal physico-chemical techniques for characterising the catalysts used in searching for new active phases, optimising the formulation and monitoring industrial production. Based on courses given at the Institut Francias du Peole for research technicians in the fields of kinetics and catalysis, this book covers useful basic theory and provides numerous examples of industrial applications. This guide is an essential companion for technicians and chemical engineers whose work requires an understanding of the fields of application, including the capabilities and the limits of today's complex characterisation techniques.Contents: Introduction. 1. d104ural characterisation of catalysts. 2. Atomic absorption spectrometry. 3. Atomic emission spectroscopy. 4. X-ray fluorescence. 5. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 6. Ion impact analysis. 7. Scanning electron microscopy. 8. Elemental analysis in the electron microprobe. 9. Transmission electron microscopy. 10. X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering. 11. Exafs. 12. Infrared absorption spectrometry. 13. Nuclear magnetic resonance. 14. Thermal analysis methods. Index

Download or read book Interaction of Charged Particles with Solids and Surfaces written by Alberto Gras-Martí and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in 1989, while most of us were gathered in the Mediterranean five-centuries-old city of Alacant, the idea of a school on stopping and particle penetration phenomena came to our minds. Later that year when discussing this plan with some of the participants in the 13th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids in Aarhus, we were pleased to note that the proposal was warmly welcomed indeed by the community. An Advanced Study Institute on this or a related subject had not been organized in the last decade. Because of the progress made particularly in the interaction of high energy beams with matter, and the many applications which the general subject of the stopping of charged particles (ions and electrons) in matter enjoys, a Study Institute appeared a worthy enterprise. Even though several international conference series cover developments in these areas, they miss tutorial introductions to the field. The title chosen was Interaction of Charged Particles with Solids and Surfaces, and the objectives were stated as follows: "to cover theory and experiments, including selected applications and hot topics, of the stopping of charged particles (ions and electrons) in matter. The emphasis will be on outlining the areas where further effort is needed, and on specifying the basic needs in applications. Fundamental concepts will prevail over applications, and the character of the Institute as a school will be stressed. " The school was directed by Fernando Flores (Spain), Herbert M. Urbassek (Germany), Nestor R.

Download or read book Random Surfaces and Quantum Gravity written by Orlando Alvarez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cargese Workshop Random Surfaces and Quantum Gravity was held from May 27 to June 2, 1990. Little was known about string theory in the non-perturbative regime before Oetober 1989 when non-perturbative equations for the string partition functions were found by using methods based on the random triangulations of surfaees. This set of methods pro vides a deseription of non-eritical string theory or equivalently of the coupling of matter fields to quantum gravity in two dimensions. The Cargese meeting was very successful in that it provided the first opportunity to gather most of the active workers in the field for a fuH week of lectures and extensive informal discussions about these exeiting new developments. The main results were reviewed, recent advances were explained, new results and conjectures (which appear for the first time in these proceedings) were presented and discussed. Among the most important topics discussed at the workshop were: The relation of KdV theory to loop equations and the Virasoro algebra, new results in Liouville field theory, effective (1 + 1) dimensional theory for 2 - D quantum gravity coupled to c = 1 matter and its fermionization, proposal for a new geometrical interpretation of the string equation and possible definition of quantum Riemann surfaces, discussion of the string equation for the multi-matrix models, links with topological field theories of gravity, issues in using target space supersymmetry to define good theories, definition of the partition function via analytic continuation, new models of random surfaces

Download or read book The Global Geometry of Turbulence written by Javier Jiménez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Advanced Research Workshop was to bring together Physicists, Applied Mathematicians and Fluid Dynamicists, including very specially experimentalists, to review the available knowledge on the global structural aspects of turbulent flows, with an especial emphasis on open systems, and to try to reach a consensus on their possible relationship to recent advances in the understanding of the behaviour of low dimensional dynamical systems and amplitude equations. A lot has been learned during recent years on the non-equilibrium behaviour of low dimen sional dynamical systems, including some fluid flows (Rayleigh-Benard, Taylor-Couette, etc. ). These are mostly closed flows and many of the global structural features of the low dimensional systems have been observed in them, including chaotic behaviour, period doubling, intermit tency, etc. . It has also been shown that some of these flows are intrinsically low dimensional, which accounts for much of the observed similarities. Open flows seem to be different, and experimental observations point to an intrinsic high dimensionality. However, some of the tran sitional features of the low dimensional systems have been observed in them, specially in the intermittent behaviour of subcritical flows (pipes, channels, boundary layers with suction, etc. ), and in the large scale geometry of coherent structures of free shear flows (mixing layers, jets and wakes).