Download or read book Functional Bilateral Kinematic Symmetry of the Healthy Human Knee Measured by Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Robert G. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Healthy and Osteoarthritic Knee Kinematics written by Catherine Galvin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can produce pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of joint function. Globally, KOA affects more than 10% of men and 18% of women aged over 60 years, with more than half reporting moderate to severe pain. Deep flexion activities are challenging for those with KOA, yet they are important both culturally and in our activities of daily living. Improving our knowledge of the kinematics of deep flexion can help understand the relationship of kinematics and KOA and may translate into better total knee replacement (TKR) design. Accurate in vivo 3D knee kinematics can be utilised in studying the relationship between function and knee motion. Kneeling is the deep flexion activity investigated in this research as it is one of the most challenging activities for people with KOA and TKR because it necessitates loading the knee into extreme deep flexion. The five aims of this deep flexion kneeling kinematics research were to 1) to quantify the current knowledge as determined by medical imaging, 2) to understand the effects of ageing on the kinematics of kneeling, 3) to measure and compare healthy and end-stage KOA cohorts, 4) to investigate the associations between knee kinematics and common KOA treatment outcome measures, and 5) to investigate the predictive capabilities of kneeling kinematics. Methods Our systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using a computerised literature search and bibliography review without date restriction. Studies were included if they described deep flexion (flexion higher than 120°), and included the movements squatting, lunging and kneeling. The meta-analysis generated a pooled effect size using a random-effects model when heterogeneity was moderate to high. Participants were recruited with healthy knees (n=67) or end-stage osteoarthritis awaiting TKR (n=59). The data collected included six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) knee kinematics, grade of osteoarthritis severity, patient-reported-outcome-measures (PROMs), clinical scores and functional test results. 6DOF kinematic data were collected by first recording both dynamic kneeling motion within a fluoroscope and a static CT image of the knee joint. The fluoroscope and the CT data were then spatially aligned and 'registered', frame by frame using Orthovis©; a (three dimension/two dimension) 3D/2D multi-modal image registration technology that accurately and non-invasively measures 6DOF knee kinematics. The motion was quantified using the Grood and Suntay reference system. The imaging data were used to perform biomechanical, rigid-body, dynamic analyses of kneeling. Four studies were undertaken using these data to ascertain the effect of age on kneeling kinematics, the effect of KOA, the relationship between kinematics and outcome measures and finally, the predictive capacity of kneeling kinematics with respect to KOA severity. To examine healthy ageing, 6DOF kneeling kinematics were compared for four healthy age-groups. Differences between the healthy and osteoarthritic groups were analysed with body-mass-index (BMI) as the covariate. To determine the associations between 6DOF kneeling kinematics and the variation of the PROMs, clinical and functional data, we used multiple step-wise linear regressions. Finally, a predictive model of KOA severity using kneeling kinematics was developed using data mining and machine learning following the Cross-Industry Standard Practice for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) protocol. The dataset was partitioned into training (60%), testing (20%), and validation (20%). Results The systematic review and meta-analysis included 12 studies (with 164 participants aged 25-61 years in vivo, and 69-93 years in vitro) in the analysis. In vivo measurement technologies included radiographs, open MRI and 2D/3D MRI or CT image-registration on fluoroscopy. In vitro methods utilised Microscribe. The meta-analysis found that between 120° and 140° flexion, there was internal tibial rotation and posterior translation of both the medial and lateral-femoral-condyles. There was high heterogeneity between squatting and lunging for medial-femoral-condyle translation, whereas the lateral-femoral-condyle had low heterogeneity, suggesting that only the medial-femoral-condyle translation is sensitive to the different activities Comparison of healthy age groups showed no differences between any of the age groups except that the 80+ group femurs were more varus and anterior at 110° and 120°. Also, after 120° flexion, the 80+ group rotated further and faster into valgus. Comparison of healthy and osteoarthritic participants showed that there were differences in kinematic positions, displacement and rate-of-change (/°flexion). At 100° flexion KOA femurs were more varus and externally rotated. Between 120° to maximum flexion the KOA femurs translated 5.8 (2.8, 8.9) mm less posteriorly, 1.3(0.6, 2.1) mm more superiorly and rotated 2.8° (0.8°, 4.7°) more externally. Knees with osteoarthritis had 12.8° (95% CI 8.6°, 17°) less maximum flexion in kneeling than healthy knees, moving into flexion. At maximum flexion, KOA femurs were more anterior and medial. The relationships between kneeling kinematics and the PROMs, clinical and function scores were moderate for the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (53.2%), American Knee Society score (KSS) (52%) and pain visual-analogue-scale (painVAS) (48%). There was a moderate to small relationship with the associated quality of life (AQOL-8D), the timed-up-and-go (TUG) and remaining scores. Maximum flexion was strongly associated (85.3%) with femoral anterior position and internal/external rotation after 120° flexion and was the most significant contributor in all but the five-times-sit-to-stand-test. An 11° increase in maximum flexion explained minimally clinically important differences in many of the scores: including; 7 points of the OKS, 13 mm decrease on the painVAS, a 0.06 increase in the AQOL-8D, and a 1.3-sec decrease in the TUG time. Using kneeling kinematics, the classification and regression (CR&T) decision tree model delivered the highest accuracy and stability for training, testing and validating data. The performance of the model overall accuracy for training was 98.89%, testing was 100%, and validation 100%. Conclusion This research breaks new ground by using deep flexion kneeling kinematics to investigate healthy ageing, to determine kinematic changes due to osteoarthritis, to determine kinematic relationships with outcome measures, and to find a kinematic signature for KOA severity. We found very little kinematic impact of age, but real changes to knee kinematics with osteoarthritis in deep flexion. We found strong relationships between knee kinematics and clinical outcome measures. Finally, we developed a strong predictive model that can distinguish healthy, early and late stage KOA from kneeling kinematics. Understanding the relationships between osteoarthritis and kinematics may facilitate better non-surgical interventions."

Download or read book A Method for the Measurement of Joint Kinematics from Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data and Its Application to the Study of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Human Knee written by Peter J. Barrance and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Load Dependent Variations in Knee Kinematics Measured by Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Christopher J. Westphal and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Advances in Arthroplasty written by Samo Fokter and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book was to offer an overview of recent insights into the current state of arthroplasty. The tremendous long term success of Sir Charnley's total hip arthroplasty has encouraged many researchers to treat pain, improve function and create solutions for higher quality of life. Indeed and as described in a special chapter of this book, arthroplasty is an emerging field in the joints of upper extremity and spine. However, there are inborn complications in any foreign design brought to the human body. First, in the chapter on infections we endeavor to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis and description of the management of this difficult problem. Second, the immune system is faced with a strange material coming in huge amounts of micro-particles from the tribology code. Therefore, great attention to the problem of aseptic loosening has been addressed in special chapters on loosening and on materials currently available for arthroplasty.

Download or read book Dynamics of Human Gait written by Christopher L Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement written by Charles Rivière and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and illustrates the surgical techniques, implants, and technologies used for the purpose of personalized implantation of hip and knee components. This new and flourishing treatment philosophy offers important benefits over conventional systematic techniques, including component positioning appropriate to individual anatomy, improved surgical reproducibility and prosthetic performance, and a reduction in complications. The techniques described in the book aim to reproduce patients’ native anatomy and physiological joint laxity, thereby improving the prosthetic hip/knee kinematics and functional outcomes in the quest of the forgotten joint. They include kinematically aligned total knee/total hip arthroplasty, partial knee replacement, and hip resurfacing. The relevance of available and emerging technological tools for these personalized approaches is also explained, with coverage of, for example, robotics, computer-assisted surgery, and augmented reality. Contributions from surgeons who are considered world leaders in diverse fields of this novel surgical philosophy make this open access book will invaluable to a wide readership, from trainees at all levels to consultants practicing lower limb surgery

Download or read book Handbook of Human Motion written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Human Motion is a large cross-disciplinary reference work which covers the many interlinked facets of the science and technology of human motion and its measurement. Individual chapters cover fundamental principles and technological developments, the state-of-the-art and consider applications across four broad and interconnected fields; medicine, sport, forensics and animation. The huge strides in technological advancement made over the past century make it possible to measure motion with unprecedented precision, but also lead to new challenges. This work introduces the many different approaches and systems used in motion capture, including IR and ultrasound, mechanical systems and video, plus some emerging techniques. The large variety of techniques used for the study of motion science in medicine can make analysis a complicated process, but extremely effective for the treatment of the patient when well utilised. The handbook descri bes how motion capture techniques are applied in medicine, and shows how the resulting analysis can help in diagnosis and treatment. A closely related field, sports science involves a combination of in-depth medical knowledge and detailed understanding of performance and training techniques, and motion capture can play an extremely important role in linking these disciplines. The handbook considers which technologies are most appropriate in specific circumstances, how they are applied and how this can help prevent injury and improve sporting performance. The application of motion capture in forensic science and security is reviewed, with chapters dedicated to specific areas including employment law, injury analysis, criminal activity and motion/facial recognition. And in the final area of application, the book describes how novel motion capture techniques have been designed specifically to aid the creation of increasingly realistic animation within films and v ideo games, with Lord of the Rings and Avatar just two examples. Chapters will provide an overview of the bespoke motion capture techniques developed for animation, how these have influenced advances in film and game design, and the links to behavioural studies, both in humans and in robotics. Comprising a cross-referenced compendium of different techniques and applications across a broad field, the Handbook of Human Motion provides the reader with a detailed reference and simultaneously a source of inspiration for future work. The book will be of use to students, researchers, engineers and others working in any field relevant to human motion capture.

Download or read book Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement written by Joseph Hamill and published by LWW. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the quantitative nature of biomechanics, this book integrates current literature, meaningful numerical examples, relevant applications, hands-on exercises, and functional anatomy, physics, calculus, and physiology to help students - regardless of their mathematical background - understand the full continuum of human movement potential.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Patella written by Giles R. Scuderi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems of the patellofemoral joint remain a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. In spite of many articles in scientific journals, an outstanding monograph, and several excellent textbook chapters, the patella is still an enigma in many respects. The etiology of patellar pain is controversial, and there is no completely satisfying explanation for its cause or its relationship to chondromalacia. Curiously, neither the widespread use of arthroscopy nor the advent of newer diagnostic tests such as CT scanning and magnetic resonance imaging have cast much light. Without a better understanding of why patellar disorders occur it is not surprising that there is no consensus on how to fix them. Arthros copy has contributed little except to the patient's psyche. The currently most popular surgical treatment for recurrent dislocation of the patella was first described 50 years ago. One concrete advance, albeit a small one, is a better understanding of the role of anatomical abnormalities and patellofemoral dysplasia in patellar instabilities. It gives me great pleasure that many of the contributors are, like Dr.

Download or read book Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations written by Frank R. Noyes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wealth of information provided in this unique text will enable orthopedic surgeons, medical practitioners, physical therapists, and trainers to ensure that athletes who suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, or who require major knee operations for other reasons, have the best possible chance of safely resuming sporting activity at their desired level without subsequent problems. Divided into seven thematic sections, the coverage is wide-ranging and encompasses common barriers to return to sport, return to sport decision-based models, and the complete spectrum of optimal treatment for ACL injuries, including preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation. Advanced training concepts are explained in detail, with description of sports-specific programs for soccer, basketball, and tennis. Readers will find detailed guidance on objective testing for muscle strength, neuromuscular function, neurocognitive function, and cardiovascular fitness, as well as validated assessments to identify and manage psychological issues. In addition, return to sport considerations after meniscus surgery, patellofemoral realignment, articular cartilage procedures, and knee arthroplasty are discussed. Generously illustrated and heavily referenced, Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations is a comprehensive resource for all medical professionals and support staff working with athletes and active patients looking to get back in the game with confidence.

Download or read book Patellofemoral Arthritis written by Wayne B. Leadbetter and published by W B Saunders Company. This book was released on 2008 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the salvage of the painful degenerative patellofemoral joint remains one of the most problematic clinical orthopedic complaints. Patellofemoral pain is the most common knee symptom presenting in the clinic and patellofemoral chondromalacia and arthritis are frequently the cause. The evaluation, radiologic assessment, and operative treatment options for the disability of isolated patellofemoral disease, when nonoperative treatment fails, continues to challenge the practitioner. This volume of Orthopedic Clinics defines and explores the current best options as discussed by many of the most notable leaders in the field.

Download or read book The Patellofemoral Joint written by James M. Fox and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Anthropometry written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 3042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although its underlying concept is a relatively simple one—the measurement of the human body and its parts—anthropometry employs a myriad of methods and instruments, and is useful for a variety of purposes, from understanding the impact of disease on individuals to tracking changes in populations over time. The first interdisciplinary reference on the subject, the Handbook of Anthropometry brings this wide-ranging field together: basic theory and highly specialized topics in normal and abnormal anthropometry in terms of health, disease prevention, and intervention. Over 140 self-contained chapters cover up-to-date indices, the latest studies on computerized methods, shape-capturing systems, and bioelectrical impedance, data concerning single tissues and whole-body variables, and reports from different areas of the world. Chapters feature helpful charts and illustrations, cross-references to related chapters are included, and key points are presented in bullet form for ease of comprehension. Together, the Handbook’s thirteen sections entail all major aspects of anthropometrical practice and research, including: Tools and techniques. Developmental stages, from fetus to elder. Genetic diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Exercise and nutrition. Ethnic, cultural, and geographic populations. Special conditions and circumstances. The Handbook of Anthropometry is an invaluable addition to the reference libraries of a broad spectrum of health professionals, among them health scientists, physicians, physiologists, nutritionists, dieticians, nurses, public health researchers, epidemiologists, exercise physiologists, and physical therapists. It is also useful to college-level students and faculty in the health disciplines, as well as to policymakers and ergonomists.

Download or read book Biomechanics of Normal and Pathological Human Articulating Joints written by N. Berme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-06-30 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Biomechanics of Normal and Pathological Human Articulating Joints, Estoril, Portugal, 20 June-1 July, 1983

Download or read book Endurance Sports Medicine written by Timothy L Miller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing comprehensive discussion of this newly developing branch of sports medicine, this unique and up-to-date book focuses specifically on the treatment of athletes who train for and participate in endurance sporting events, including not only traditional endurance athletes such as runners, swimmers, bikers and triathletes, but also rowers, adventure racers, military personnel, and cross-fit athletes. Detailing strategies for not only treating and preventing injuries and conditions but also for optimizing an athlete’s performance, it is divided into three thematic sections. The first section covers common medical conditions faced by the endurance athlete, including cardiovascular conditions, asthma, and heat- and altitude-related illnesses, while also discussing gender differences, pregnancy and the pediatric endurance athlete. Section two focuses on the management of common musculoskeletal conditions, such as stress fractures, overuse injuries of the soft tissue, compartment syndrome, shoulder and hip injuries, and exercise and osteoarthritis. The last section presents special considerations for the endurance athlete, including gait and swim-stroke analysis, bike fitting, mental preparation, optimizing nutrition, and how to organize medical coverage for events, as well as decision-making for return to play. A timely topic and one which has not been written about extensively in one concise collection of chapters, Endurance Sports Medicine is a valuable guide for sports medicine physicians, orthopedists, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, officials, and athletes in understanding the needs of the determined individuals who participate in endurance sports.