Download or read book Evaluation of Forest Canopies by Photography written by Philip L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique for evaluating forest canopies was developed based on the use of a divergent lens system to obtain hemispherical photographs of tree crowns. The photography was processed from 35 mm film and enlarged as a silhouette, and the light transmission was measured with a specially fabricated macrodensitometer. It is shown by application to a variety of problems in diverse geographical areas that this technique can be used for measuring both temporal and spatial changes in the canopy, for estimating the shade light climate, and for specifying the probability of target detection through a canopy. Data are presented to analyze changes caused by explosions, radioactivity, growing season, and vegetation types. The geometry of gaps in three crowns is discussed and the nature of shade light quality under forests is illustrated. (Author).
Download or read book Forest Canopy Photography written by Luke Curtis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hemispherical Photography in Forest Science Theory Methods Applications written by Richard A. Fournier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents practical information about hemispherical photography from the perspectives of field data acquisition, image processing and information retrieval methods. This book is organized into three sections. The first section describes what is hemispherical photography and what are the fundamental elements of forest structure and light interactions within the forest canopy. The second section provides practical information about the equipment, procedures and tools for procuring, processing and analyzing hemispherical photographs. Armed with this information, the third section describes several applications of hemispherical photographs to forestry and natural resource assessment. The book concludes with a discussion about modelling tools and future directions of this rapidly growing field. There is currently no information source on the market that has this comprehensive range of topics combined in a single book. The book will appeal to academics, graduate students, natural resource professionals and researchers alike.
Download or read book Aerial Photo Guide to New England Forest Cover Types written by Rachel Riemann Hershey and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Hemispherical Photographs in Forest Ecology written by P. L. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Canopy Ecologists written by Natasha Vizcarra and published by North Star Editions, Inc.. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an engaging overview of the scientists who climb high into treetops to study plants and animals. Large photos and short paragraphs of easy-to-read text make the book accessible and engaging, and its many informative sidebars add fascinating facts.
Download or read book Canopy Structure of a Tropical Forest written by Jarrod M. Thaxton and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereo Photo Guide for Estimating Canopy Fuel Characteristics in Conifer Stands written by Joe H. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereo photographs, hemispherical photographs, and stand data are presented with associated biomass and canopy fuel characteristics for five Interior West conifer stands. Canopy bulk density, canopy base height, canopy biomass by component, available canopy fuel load, and vertical distribution of canopy fuel are presented for each plot at several stages of sampling, each corresponding to a level of simulated low thinning (100, 75, 50, and 25 percent of the initial basal area). This guide will help fuel managers estimate canopy fuel characteristics in similar forest conditions.
Download or read book Tips for Forest Photographers written by Robert W. Neelands and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Method for Estimating Canopy Openness Effective Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetically Active Photon Flux Density Using Hemispherical Photography and Computerized Image Analysis Techniques written by G. W. Frazer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemispherical canopy photography is an indirect method for measuring various components of forest canopy structure and solar radiation flux within and below forest canopies. The method utilizes a 180-degree fisheye-lens camera to capture and record the position, size, and shape of openings or gaps in a forest canopy. During late summer 1995, eight sites on southern Vancouver Island were intensively sampled using hemispherical photographic methods. This document describes the general theory, approach, and analytical tools associated with hemispherical canopy photography and computerized image analysis in the context of this research. As a result, a technical protocol has been devised that can be adopted, modified, and improved upon by those interested in using hemispherical techniques for similar research initiatives. Recommendations are made to improve the quality and reliability of future hemispherical image analysis systems. Appendices include information on measurement of fisheye lens distortion and the effect on the calculation of gap fraction magnitude and distribution, and a model for estimating percent open sky and leaf area index.
Download or read book Hemispherical and Woodland Canopy Photography and the Light Climate written by G. Clifford Evans and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods in Forest Canopy Research written by Margaret D. Lowman and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poised between soil and sky, forest canopies represent a critical point of exchange between the atmosphere and the earth, yet until recently, they remained a largely unexplored frontier. For a long time, problems with access and the lack of tools and methods suitable for monitoring these complex bioscapes made canopy analysis extremely difficult. Fortunately, canopy research has advanced dramatically in recent decades. Methods in Forest Canopy Research is a comprehensive overview of these developments for explorers of this astonishing environment. The authors describe methods for reaching the canopy and the best ways to measure how the canopy, atmosphere, and forest floor interact. They address how to replicate experiments in challenging environments and lay the groundwork for creating standardized measurements in the canopy—essential tools for for understanding our changing world.
Download or read book Urban Forest Canopy Cover in California written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine scale Multidimensional Spatial Patterns of Forest Canopy Structure Derived from Remotely Sensed and Simulated Datasets written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests are not simply storehouses of timber or wood fibre for human consumption and economic development. They represent structurally and ecologically rich habitat for an estimated 40 percent of the earth's extant species, and form the functional interface between the biosphere and atmosphere for some 27 percent of the earth's terrestrial surface. Forests, therefore, play a vital role in the maintenance of biodiversity and the regulation of local to global scale ecosystem processes and functions. Present strategies for conserving biodiversity in managed forests are based on the notion that maintaining the full range of structural conditions historically present in natural forests is the best approach for assuring the long-term persistence of a broad range of native species. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of novel forest measurements that are relevant to organisms and ecosystems, and much needed by forest scientists and managers to recognize and retain the key elements and patterns of forest structure that are crucial for the conservation of forest biodiversity. This study focuses explicitly on fine-spatial-scale, multidimensional patterns of forest canopy structure based on the assumption that the 'canopy' is the primary focal site of complex interactions between vegetation and the physical enviromnent. Two disparate remote sensing technologies-ground-based hemispherical (fisheye) canopy photography and airborne discrete-return LiDAR-are employed to characterize angular, vertical, and horizontal patterns of forest canopy structure. A quantitative technique is developed for precise measurements of gap fraction (P), element clumping (O), mean projection coefficient (G), and leaf area index (L) from sequences (sets) of black and white pixels extracted at specific view angles in digital fisheye photos. Results are compared with three other leading techniques and validated using well-documented simulated and real fisheye ph.
Download or read book The Living Forest written by Robert Llewellyn and published by Timber Press. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “With precise, stunning photographs and a distinctly literary narrative that tells the story of the forest ecosystem along the way, The Living Forest is an invitation to join in the eloquence of seeing.” —Sierra Magazine From the leaves and branches of the canopy to the roots and soil of the understory, the forest is a complex, interconnected ecosystem filled with plants, birds, mammals, insects, and fungi. Some of it is easily discovered, but many parts remain difficult or impossible for the human eye to see. Until now. The Living Forest is a visual journey that immerses you deep into the woods. The wide-ranging photography by Robert Llewellyn celebrates the small and the large, the living and the dead, and the seen and the unseen. You’ll discover close-up images of owls, hawks, and turtles; aerial photographs that show herons in flight; and time-lapse imagery that reveals the slow change of leaves. In an ideal blend of art and scholarship, the 300 awe-inspiring photographs are supported by lyrical essays from Joan Maloof detailing the science behind the wonder.
Download or read book Occasional Paper Southern Forest Experiment Station written by Southern Forest Experiment Station (New Orleans, La.) and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accuracy Assessment of Percent Canopy Cover Cover Type and Size Class written by Hans T. Schreuder and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth for vegetation cover percent and type is obtained from very large-scale photography (VLSP), stand structure as measured by size classes, and vegetation types from a combination of VLSP and ground sampling. We recommend using the Kappa statistic with bootstrap confidence intervals for overall accuracy, and similarly bootstrap confidence intervals for percent correct for each category and user and producer accuracy. A procedure is given for mapped plots to be assessed as being partially or totally correct. We recommend the use of primary accuracy for management decisions and secondary accuracy for research decisions to distinguish between accuracy desired.
