Download or read book Flexible Options for Cyber Deterrence Terrorism Problem of Attribution Cyber Attack Espionage Defense Nation State Peer Competitors China Conflict SCADA Network Equipment written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. This paper describes options for cyber deterrence to address both asymmetric threats from terrorists and the intimidation associated with nation-state peer competitors in the cyber domain. It presents recent National Security Strategy interests and demonstrates a lack of focus upon cyber infrastructure. The paper will examine challenges associated with legal aspects in the cyber domain as well as the issue of attribution. It will analyze terrorist and nation-state usage of cyberspace and potential threats aimed at the United States related to each. Finally, the paper concludes with several recommendations for tailored cyber deterrence focused on terrorists and peer nation-states. The idea of deterrence has existed since the beginning of humanity. Lawrence Freedman in his book Deterrence uses the biblical tale of Adam, Eve, and the forbidden fruit as an example of deterrence. Webster defines deterrence as "maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging attack." The threat of war has always been a tool used by leaders to influence foreign powers to avoid acts of aggression. Ultimately, deterrence became synonymous with American Cold War strategic thinking and foreign policy. Mutually assured destruction was a classic adoption of deterrence through punishment. However, deterrence through punishment requires the demonstration of offensive capabilities. The highly classified nature of the United States cyber-based offensive tools makes this approach unlikely. In addition, deterrence by punishment does not work without identification and attribution. Lastly, any assumption of rationality demonstrates the fallacy of Cold War deterrence applied to the cyber domain. Today's multi-polar world provides multiple threats aimed at the United States in the cyber domain. From cyber terrorists to sophisticated nation-states, adversaries are increasing their cyber capabilities on a daily basis. Some argue for an offensive cyber doctrine of preemption, but as demonstrated in Iraq, preemption can be destabilizing. Acts of war may justify an offensive response, but conventional or nuclear deterrence is more appropriate when attempting to deter aggression defined by war. Complicating cyberspace deterrence is the lack of attribution, no traditional constraints associated with rational behavior of extremists, and a deficient United States cyber national strategy. The next chapter of this paper reviews recent United States strategies and critical cyber infrastructure, attribution in the cyber domain, and cyber espionage. Chapter three provides analysis of cyber terrorism and nation-state operations in the cyber domain. Chapter four describes cyber deterrence recommendations aimed at countering terrorists as well as United States peer competitors. The final chapter presents conclusions. Contents * Biography * Introduction * Background * National Security Strategy and Critical Infrastructure * The Problem of Attribution * Privacy and Attribution * Espionage versus Cyber-attack * Analysis * Cyber Terrorism: Does it Exist? * Terrorist Tactics and the Internet * Nation State Peer Competitors * Recommendations * Cyber Deterrence of Terrorism * Peer Competitors and Cyber Deterrence * Diplomatic and Economic Engagement as a Cyber Deterrent Option * Cyber Defense, More than Passwords * Conclusion * Bibliography

Download or read book Flexible Options for Cyber Deterrence written by Frank W. Simcox and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper describes options for cyber deterrence to address both asymmetric threats from terrorists and the intimidation associated with nation-state peer competitors in the cyber domain."--Introd.

Download or read book Strategic Cyber Security written by Kenneth Geers and published by Kenneth Geers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyber Attacks Attribution and Deterrence written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-18 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this monograph is to examine the role of a defender's ability to attribute a cyber attack and its effect on deterrence. Conflict in cyberspace is constantly evolving and deterrence might provide stability and understanding of these conflicts. Because of the speed at which cyber attacks can occur and the rate at which they can spread, it is important to understand how countries using cyber weapons frame the problem. The method used in this paper is controlled comparison of three different cyber attacks: the 2007 attacks on Estonia, the Stuxnet attack on Iran, and the LulzSec attacks multiple targets in 2011. These three events bore the similarity that defenders could not immediately attribute the attack to an actor. This attribution problem influenced how the defenders responded to the problem. Upon further research, however, it became apparent that attribution was not the defenders' biggest problem in two of the three cases. Attribution may not always be immediately available through technical means, but eventually defenders had enough information on which to act. At this point, other problems arose, like escalating a cyber conflict with a far more powerful neighbor or determining how to respond without a cyber capability of one's own. These cases demonstrate attribution is a necessary but not sufficient cause for responding to a cyber attack and that defenders have many response options available, from technical defense of their networks to escalation of the conflict to kinetic military strikes. Additionally, cyber deterrence does not require the high levels of attribution that some theorists argue. Instead, a counterattack can rely on a lower level of attribution because the target is typically a known adversary and because the results from a cyber attack are generally much lower than the effects from a kinetic attack. Thus, because of the need for a state to respond to cyber attacks in kind and the lower attribution requirements, an offensive cyber capability is both necessary and useful.

Download or read book At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace.

Download or read book Technology Policy Law and Ethics Regarding U S Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-27 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little has been written about the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. policy. Cyberattacks-actions intended to damage adversary computer systems or networks-can be used for a variety of military purposes. But they also have application to certain missions of the intelligence community, such as covert action. They may be useful for certain domestic law enforcement purposes, and some analysts believe that they might be useful for certain private sector entities who are themselves under cyberattack. This report considers all of these applications from an integrated perspective that ties together technology, policy, legal, and ethical issues. Focusing on the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. national policy, Technology, Policy, Law and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities explores important characteristics of cyberattack. It describes the current international and domestic legal structure as it might apply to cyberattack, and considers analogies to other domains of conflict to develop relevant insights. Of special interest to the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security communities, this report is also an essential point of departure for nongovernmental researchers interested in this rarely discussed topic.

Download or read book The Decision to Attack written by Aaron Franklin Brantly and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brantly investigates how states decide to employ cyber in military and intelligence operations against other states and how rational those decisions are. He contextualizes broader cyber decision-making processes into a systematic expected utility-rational choice approach to provide a mathematical understanding of the use of cyber weapons.

Download or read book India s Strategic Options in a Changing Cyberspace written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding Cyber Conflict written by George Perkovich and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading scholars, the fourteen case studies in this volume will help policymakers, scholars, and students make sense of contemporary cyber conflict through historical analogies to past military-technological problems.

Download or read book Cyber Security Policy Guidebook written by Jennifer L. Bayuk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon a wealth of experience from academia, industry, and government service, Cyber Security Policy Guidebook details and dissects, in simple language, current organizational cyber security policy issues on a global scale—taking great care to educate readers on the history and current approaches to the security of cyberspace. It includes thorough descriptions—as well as the pros and cons—of a plethora of issues, and documents policy alternatives for the sake of clarity with respect to policy alone. The Guidebook also delves into organizational implementation issues, and equips readers with descriptions of the positive and negative impact of specific policy choices. Inside are detailed chapters that: Explain what is meant by cyber security and cyber security policy Discuss the process by which cyber security policy goals are set Educate the reader on decision-making processes related to cyber security Describe a new framework and taxonomy for explaining cyber security policy issues Show how the U.S. government is dealing with cyber security policy issues With a glossary that puts cyber security language in layman's terms—and diagrams that help explain complex topics—Cyber Security Policy Guidebook gives students, scholars, and technical decision-makers the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions on cyber security policy.

Download or read book On Cyber written by Greg Conti and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Cyber is a groundbreaking work that fuses information security and military science to lay the foundation of an operational art for cyberspace operations. Hundreds of books have been written on the tactics of cybersecurity and dozens have been written that discuss the strategic implications of cyber conflict. But missing is a book that links the two. On Cyber fills that gap. After millennia of conflict, traditional kinetic war fighting is highly refined and captured in mature and vetted military doctrine. Cyber operations, however is constantly evolving and affords tremendous benefits alongside significant challenges. Nations around the world have raced to build cyber organizations and capabilities, but are struggling to employ cyber operations to their benefit. Some have stumbled, while others have had dramatic impact on the battlefield and global geopolitics. At the same time, companies and even individuals are now facing nation state and nation state enabled threat actors in cyberspace while their governments remain apparently powerless to protect them. Whether you are a network defender or cyber operator, On Cyber is a seminal book and the lessons you learn will help you do your job better. Importantly, network defenders will understand how nation-state threat actors think, organize, operate, and target your organization. Cyber operators will gain a glimpse into the future of cyber doctrine. The authors are perhaps the best two people to author such an ambitious work, having served on the faculty of West Point for a combined 20 years, participated in military cyber operations and training, helped architect the U.S. Army's Cyber Branch, and together possess more than 50 years of military experience.

Download or read book Cyberspace in Peace and War Second Edition written by Martin Libicki and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and expanded edition of Cyberspace in Peace and War by Martin C. Libicki presents a comprehensive understanding of cybersecurity, cyberwar, and cyber-terrorism. From basic concepts to advanced principles, Libicki examines the sources and consequences of system compromises, addresses strategic aspects of cyberwar, and defines cybersecurity in the context of military operations while highlighting unique aspects of the digital battleground and strategic uses of cyberwar. This new edition provides updated analysis on cyberespionage, including the enigmatic behavior of Russian actors, making this volume a timely and necessary addition to the cyber-practitioner's library. Cyberspace in Peace and War guides readers through the complexities of cybersecurity and cyberwar and challenges them to understand the topics in new ways. Libicki provides the technical and geopolitical foundations of cyberwar necessary to understand the policies, operations, and strategies required for safeguarding an increasingly online infrastructure.

Download or read book Securing Cyberspace written by R. Nicholas Burns and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aspen Policy Books present innovative thinking on America's most pressing national security challenges. "Securing Cyberspace: A New Domain for National Security" is a collection of papers commissioned for the 2011 Aspen Strategy Group workshop, a bipartisan meeting of top national security experts. The papers examine the complexities of the emerging cyber threat, as well as the possibilities--and inherent challenges--of crafting effective domestic and international cyber policy. Authors explore topics such as the economic impact of cybercrime, cyber as a new dimension of warfare, the revolutionary potential of Internet freedom, and the future realities the United States will face in the new age of heightened Internet connectivity.

Download or read book Cybersecurity written by C. P. Gupta and published by Mercury Learning and Information. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to provide the reader with the fundamental concepts of cybersecurity and cybercrime in an easy to understand, “self-teaching” format. It introduces all of the major subjects related to cybersecurity, including data security, threats and viruses, malicious software, firewalls and VPNs, security architecture and design, security policies, cyberlaw, cloud security, and more. Features: Provides an overview of cybersecurity and cybercrime subjects in an easy to understand, “self-teaching” format Covers security related to emerging technologies such as cloud security, IoT, AES, and grid challenges Includes discussion of information systems, cryptography, data and network security, threats and viruses, electronic payment systems, malicious software, firewalls and VPNs, security architecture and design, security policies, cyberlaw, and more.

Download or read book Research Methods for Cyber Security written by Thomas W. Edgar and published by Syngress. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Methods for Cyber Security teaches scientific methods for generating impactful knowledge, validating theories, and adding critical rigor to the cyber security field. This book shows how to develop a research plan, beginning by starting research with a question, then offers an introduction to the broad range of useful research methods for cyber security research: observational, mathematical, experimental, and applied. Each research method chapter concludes with recommended outlines and suggested templates for submission to peer reviewed venues. This book concludes with information on cross-cutting issues within cyber security research. Cyber security research contends with numerous unique issues, such as an extremely fast environment evolution, adversarial behavior, and the merging of natural and social science phenomena. Research Methods for Cyber Security addresses these concerns and much more by teaching readers not only the process of science in the context of cyber security research, but providing assistance in execution of research as well. Presents research methods from a cyber security science perspective Catalyzes the rigorous research necessary to propel the cyber security field forward Provides a guided method selection for the type of research being conducted, presented in the context of real-world usage

Download or read book The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction an Update written by John P. Caves and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Navigating the Indian Cyberspace Maze written by Ashish Chhibbar and published by K W Publishers Pvt Limited. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyberspace has turned out to be one of the greatest discoveries of mankind. Today, we have more than four-and-a-half billion people connected to the internet and this number is all set to increase dramatically as the next generational Internet of Things (IoT) devices and 5G technology gets fully operational. India has been at the forefront of this amazing digital revolution and is a major stakeholder in the global cyberspace ecosystem. As the world embarks on embracing internet 2.0 characterised by 5G high-speed wireless interconnect, generation of vast quantities of data and domination of transformational technologies of Artificial Intelligence (AI), block chain and big data, India has been presented with a unique opportunity to leapfrog from a developing country to a developed knowledge-based nation in a matter of years and not decades. This book presents an exciting and fascinating journey into the world of cyberspace with focus on the impactful technologies of AI, block chain and Big Data analysis, coupled with an appraisal of the Indian cyberspace ecosystem. It has been written especially for a policymaker in order to provide a lucid overview of the cyberspace domain in adequate detail.