Download or read book Fiscal Reforms in Low Income Countries written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-31 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform of fiscal policies and institutions lies at the heart of structural adjustment in developing countries. Although the immediate aim of such reform is to reduce fiscal imbalances to achieve macroeconomic stability, the long-term goal is to secure more durable improvements in fiscal performance. This study reviews the fiscal reform experience of 36 low-income developing countries that undertook macroeconomic and structural adjustment in the context of the IMF's Structural Adjustment Facility and Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility during the period of 1985-95.
Download or read book Fiscal Reforms in Low Income Countries written by George T. Abed and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monetary and Fiscal Policy Design Issues in Low Income Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-08-08 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers possible adjustments in the design of Fund-supported programs, drawing on the experience of low-income countries that have successfully addressed the most apparent domestic macroeconomic imbalances.
Download or read book Tax Reform in Developing Countries written by Malcolm Gillis and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the work of experts on the tax reform in several developing countries, from the restructuring of the economy of post-war Japan to the 1986 reforms in Jamaica. This study is based on the conference convened by the Center for International Development Research of the Institute of Policy Sciences at Duke University in April 1988.
Download or read book Budget Institutions in Low Income Countries written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents twelve budget institutions that can support planning and delivery of credible fiscal strategies in the fiscal policy-making process. The resulting framework is applied to seven low-income countries and the status of their budget institutions compared to the G-20 advanced and emerging market economies. The paper then presents recommendations for designing and implementing appropriate fiscal strategy for low- income countries. Particular attention is paid to prioritization and sequencing of reform efforts.
Download or read book Tax Revenue Mobilization Episodes in Emerging Markets and Low Income Countries Lessons from a New Dataset written by Mr.Bernardin Akitoby and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do countries mobilize large tax revenue—defined as an average increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio of 0.5 percent per year over three years or more? To answer this question, we build a novel dataset covering 55 episodes of large tax revenue mobilization in low-income countries and emerging markets. We find that: (i) reforms of indirect taxes and exemptions are the most common tax policy measures; (ii) multi-pronged tax administration reforms often go hand in hand with tax policy measures or are stand alone; and (iii) sustainability of the episodes hinges on tax administration reforms in the key compliance areas (risk-based audits, registration, filing, payment, and reporting).
Download or read book Globalization and the need for fiscal reform in developing countries Occasional Paper SITI Documento de Divulgaci n IECI n 6 written by Vito Tanzi and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Budget Institutions and Fiscal Performance in Low Income Countries written by Victor Duarte Lledo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents, for the first time, multi-dimensional indices of the quality of budget institutions in low-income countries. The indices allow for benchmarking against the performance of middle-income countries, across regions, and according to different institutional arrangements that deliver good fiscal performance. Using the constructed indices, the paper provides preliminary empirical support for the hypotheses that strong budget institutions help improve fiscal balances and public external debt outcomes; and countries with stronger fiscal institutions have better scope to conduct countercyclical policies.
Download or read book Growth Governance and Fiscal Policy Transmission Channels in Low Income Countries written by Naoko C. Kojo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private investment is the principal transmission channel through which fiscal policy affects growth in high-income countries. In low-income countries, governance and also other considerations suggest that the primary channel is factor productivity. Empirical results reported in this paper confirm this expectation: in low-income countries, factor productivity is some four times more effective than investment as a channel for increasing growth through fiscal policy. Although the private investment response to fiscal contraction may be minor, high-deficit, low-income countries can nonetheless benefit from a reduction in unsustainable fiscal deficits because of governance-related factor productivity responses that increase growth.
Download or read book Is Fiscal Policy the Answer written by Blanca Moreno-Dodson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of fiscal policy measures, both taxes and public spending, adopted by developing countries in response to the 2009 global crisis are still uncertain. This book discusses them using an analytical framework that allows for distilling possible implications on growth and social welfare.
Download or read book Government Spending Effects in Low income Countries written by Ms.Wenyi Shen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the voluminous literature on fiscal policy, very few papers focus on low-income countries (LICs). This paper develops a new-Keynesian small open economy model to show, analytically and through simulations, that some of the prevalent features of LICs—different types of financing including aid, the marginal efficiency of public investment, and the degree of home bias—play a key role in determining the effects of fiscal policy and related multipliers in these countries. External financing like aid increases the resource envelope of the economy, mitigating the private sector crowding out effects of government spending and pushing up the output multiplier. The same external financing, however, tends to appreciate the real exchange rate and as a result, traded output can respond quite negatively, reducing the overall output multiplier. Although capital scarcity implies high returns to public capital in LICs, declines in public investment efficiency can substantially dampen the output multiplier. Since LICs often import substantial amounts of goods, public investment may not be as effective in stimulating domestic production in the short run.
Download or read book The Macroeconomic and Distributional Implications of Fiscal Consolidations in Low income Countries written by Adrian Peralta-Alva and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantitatively investigate the macroeconomic and distributional impacts of fiscal consolidations in low-income countries (LICs) through value added tax (VAT), personal income tax (PIT), and corporate income tax (CIT). We extend the standard heterogeneous agents incomplete markets model by including multiple sectors and rural-urban distinction to capture salient features of LICs. We find that overall, VAT has the least efficiency costs but is highly regressive, while PIT impacts the economy in the opposite way with CIT staying in between. Cash transfers targeting rural households mitigate the negative distributional impacts of VAT most effectively, while public investment leads to little redistribution.
Download or read book Creating Policy Space in Low Income Countries during the Recent Crises written by Mr.Paolo Dudine and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-03-16 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-income countries were hit especially hard by sharp increases in world food and fuel prices in 2007-08 and the global financial crisis that followed. In response, the International Monetary Fund scaled up its financial assistance to low-income countries and revamped its concessional lending facilities to make them more flexible in meeting the diverse needs of these countries. Creating Policy Space in Low-Income Countries during the Recent Crises assesses empirically the outcome of the IMF response, and provides insight into how IMF-supported programs in low-income countries have been adapted to the changing economic circumstances in these countries. The authors report that these programs have provided expanded policy space in the face of the global price shocks and financial crisis.
Download or read book Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action written by Miria A. Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Download or read book Fiscal Reform and Structural Change in Developing Countries written by Gary McMahon and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2000-08-09 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal Reform and Structural Change in Developing Countries analyzes the experience of countries involved in major tax reforms in the 1980s and first half of the 1990s by a combination of qualitative and quantitative country studies and over-arching thematic studies. The emphasis is on the role of fiscal reform in stabilization and structural change, as well as the effects that policy for stabilization and, especially, structural change can have on the fiscal deficit under different types of tax systems. The authors then analyze the reasons for the convergence of tax systems around the developing world.
Download or read book Fiscal Policy Design in Low income Countries written by Christopher S. Adam and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monetization in Low and Middle Income Countries written by Mr.Cameron McLoughlin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degree of an economy’s monetization, which has an important implication on economic growth, can be affected by the conduct of monetary policy, financial sector reform, and episodes of financial crises. The paper finds that monetization--measured by the ratio of broad money to nominal GDP-- in low- to middle-income countries is significantly correlated with per-capita GDP, real interest rates, and financial sector reform. It suggests that maintaining an upward momentum in monetization can be an important policy objective, particularly for low-income countries, and that monetary and financial sector policies need to be conducive to enhancing monetization.
