Download or read book Fate and Effects of Anticancer Drugs in the Environment written by Ester Heath and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides current knowledge and research on the presence and effects of anticancer drug residues in the aqueous environment and covers all relevant aspects of the presence of these residues in wastewaters and natural aquatic systems, where numerous analogies between their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans and their effects in the environment can be drawn. This book comprises of 18 chapters and represents the combined work of leading scientists from different research institutions from across the globe. We present the state of the art in the field of anticancer drug residues in the aquatic environment while being cognizant of the many challenges that remain.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater Hazards and Policy Responses written by Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns. Laboratory and field tests show traces of oral contraceptives causing the feminisation of fish and amphibians, and residues of psychiatric drugs altering fish behaviour. Antimicrobial resistance, linked to the overuse of antibiotics, has rapidly escalated into a global health crisis. Unless adequate measures are taken to manage the risks, pharmaceutical residues will increasingly be released into the environment as ageing populations, advances in healthcare, and intensification of meat and fish production spur the demand for pharmaceuticals worldwide. The report outlines a collective, life‑cycle approach to managing pharmaceuticals in the environment. A policy mix of source‑directed, use‑orientated and end‑of‑pipe measures, involving several policy sectors, can help to improve health and protect the environment.

Download or read book Emerging Contaminants in the Environment written by Hemen Sarma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges and Sustainable Practices covers all aspects of emerging contaminants in the environment, from basic understanding to different types of emerging contaminants and how these threaten organisms, their environmental fate studies, detection methods, and sustainable practices of dealing with contaminants. Emerging contaminant remediation is a pressing need due to the ever-increasing pollution in the environment, and it has gained a lot of scientific and public attention due to its high effectiveness and sustainability. The discussions in the book on the bioremediation of these contaminants are covered from the perspective of proven technologies and practices through case studies and real-world data. One of the main benefits of this book is that it summarizes future challenges and sustainable solutions. It can, therefore, become an effective guide to the elimination (through sustainable practices) of emerging contaminants. At the back of these explorations on sustainable bioremediation of emerging contaminants lies the set of 17 goals articulated by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all its member states. This book provides academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the detection and elimination of emerging contaminants from the environment, with the latest advances by leading experts in emerging contaminants the field of environmental sciences. Covers most aspects of the most predominant emerging contaminants in the environment, including in soil, air, and water Describes the occurrence of these contaminants, the problems they cause, and the sustainable practices to deal with the contaminants Includes data from case studies to provide real-world examples of sustainable practices and emerging contaminant remediation

Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 427 Skin Absorption In Vivo Method written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline ...

Download or read book Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drugs written by Carmen Avendaño and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drugs, Second Edition, provides an updated treatment from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design, focusing on the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs from the molecular level, and on the relationship between chemical structure and chemical and biochemical reactivity of antitumor agents. Antitumor chemotherapy is a very active field of research, and a huge amount of information on the topic is generated every year. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is gradually being supplemented by a new generation of drugs that recognize specific targets on the surface or inside cancer cells, and resistance to antitumor drugs continues to be investigated. While these therapies are in their infancy, they hold promise of more effective therapies with fewer side effects. Although many books are available that deal with clinical aspects of cancer chemotherapy, this book provides a sorely needed update from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design. Presents information in a clear and concise way using a large number of figures Historical background provides insights on how the process of drug discovery in the anticancer field has evolved Extensive references to primary literature

Download or read book Handbook of Anticancer Drugs from Marine Origin written by Se-Kwon Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely desk reference focuses on marine-derived bioactive substances which have biological, medical and industrial applications. The medicinal value of these marine natural products are assessed and discussed. Their function as a new and important resource in novel, anticancer drug discovery research is also presented in international contributions from several research groups. For example, the potential role of Spongistatin, Apratoxin A, Eribulin mesylate, phlorotannins, fucoidan, as anticancer agents is explained. The mechanism of action of bioactive compounds present in marine algae, bacteria, fungus, sponges, seaweeds and other marine animals and plants are illustrated via several mechanisms. In addition, this handbook lists various compounds that are active candidates in chemoprevention and their target actions. The handbook also places into context the demand for anticancer nutraceuticals and their use as potential anti-cancer pharmaceuticals and medicines. This study of advanced and future types of natural compounds from marine sources is written to facilitate the understanding of Biotechnology and its application to marine natural product drug discovery research.

Download or read book Hospital Wastewaters written by Paola Verlicchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses hospital effluents in terms of their composition and the management and treatment strategies currently (being) adopted around the globe. In this context, one major focus is on pharmaceutical compounds: their observed concentration range, ecotoxicological effects, and the removal efficiency achieved by the different technologies. Another focus is on management strategies (dedicated hospital wastewater treatment, or a combined approach also involving urban wastewater) and currently adopted treatments to reduce the released pollutant load. Innovative and promising technologies under investigation at the lab and pilot scale are presented. A discussion of remaining knowledge gaps and future research requirements rounds out the coverage. The respective chapters, written by experts in the different fields, provide useful information for a broad audience: scientists involved in the management and treatment of hospital effluents and wastewater containing micropollutants, administrators and decision-makers, legislators involved in the authorization and management of healthcare structure effluents, and environmental engineers involved in the design of wastewater treatment plants, as well as newcomers and students interested in these issues.

Download or read book Medicinal Chemistry of Chemotherapeutic Agents written by Pratap Chandra Acharya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicinal Chemistry of Chemotherapeutic Agents: A Comprehensive Resource of Anti-infective and Anti-cancer Drugs focuses on the basics and fundamentals of chemistry involved in chemotherapeutic agents. Each chapter comprises distinct chemical classifications that include structure and IUPAC nomenclature, synthetic schemes and routes for each drug, mechanism of the drug action, metabolic pathway and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. The book covers current research focused on drug resistance and methods to overcome it, the development of newer drugs belonging to each category of the chemotherapeutic agents, molecules currently under clinical trials, and newly approved drugs, if any. This book will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers, helping them to understand the fundamentals of the medicinal chemistry of the chemotherapeutic agents. Includes current research focused on drug resistance and methods to overcome problems Outlines synthetic schemes and metabolic pathways of chemotherapeutic agents Discusses molecules under clinical trials and newly approved drugs

Download or read book Emerging Anti Aging Strategies written by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the emerging anti-aging approaches for maintaining better health in old age. It provides a current understanding of the underlying principle, possible targets, implementation approaches, and efficacy of the various anti-aging strategies. The chapters include a wide range of topics incorporating the major advances in anti-aging strategies, including telomerase activation, stem cell therapy, autophagy induction, sirtuin activation, and dietary restrictions. Further, it discusses the epigenetic mechanisms underlying aging-related processes and epigenetic strategies to delay and reverse aging-related diseases. The book covers the strategy based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for understanding the complexity of aging and restoring the functionalities of organ systems. It further presents the applications of melatonin supplementation-based anti-aging therapeutic intervention. Finally, the book reviews the ethical dimension of anti-aging intervention strategies. This book is immensely useful to scientists and researchers from various disciplines in the life sciences.

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern CEC in Environment written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment provides information about new concepts and latest developments in origin, reaction pathways, transportation, transformation products, identification, and adverse effects of CEC, as well as recent remediation technologies and tools for CEC. The book explores processes such as nanotechnology for the degradation of CEC by using various heterogeneous catalysts. The chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and can serve as a baseline for future studies. So, Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment is an indispensable resource for university students, teachers, and researchers, especially those working in the area of remediation and management of contaminants of emerging concern. Takes a holistic approach, focusing on the origin of contaminants, type of contaminants, remediation technologies, regulations and legal aspects Applies chemical, physical and biological processes for the treatment of emerging contaminants Written by a team of internationally reputed and rising researchers

Download or read book Emerging Contaminants in the Terrestrial Aquatic Atmosphere Continuum written by Willis Gwenzi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Contaminants in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments: Occurrence, Health Risks, and Mitigation provides the latest information on the synthesis of the occurrence, behavior, human health risks and mitigation of emerging contaminants in developing countries. First highlighting sources, industrial applications, key drivers and regulatory frameworks, the book then goes on to discuss the nature of emerging contaminants, including organic (e.g., pharmaceuticals), inorganic (e.g., rare earth elements) and biological agents (e.g., antimicrobial resistance). It then presents the dissemination, environmental behavior, and fate in terrestrial and aquatic systems as well as the human and ecological exposure pathways, health risks, and more. Offering a transdisciplinary approach that brings together perspectives and contributions from experts in environmental sciences, hydrology, environmental engineering, ecotoxicology, chemistry, material sciences, and legal and policy aspects, the book provides an approachable and flexible resource for researchers and upper-level students with diverse academic backgrounds. Adopts a lifecycle perspective by including industrial applications, behavior and fate and human health risks and removal Focuses on developing regions and covers a wide range of emerging contaminants, including those often overlooked in earlier books such as rare earth elements and antimicrobial resistance Presents a clear understanding of the contrasts between developed and developing countries with respect to emerging contaminants and their health risks and mitigation, including water and wastewater treatment systems commonly used in developing countries Covers human and ecological health risks in developing countries

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Download or read book The ELSI Handbook of Nanotechnology written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook focuses on the recent advancements in Safety, Risk, Ethical Society and Legal Implications (ESLI) as well as its commercialization of nanotechnology, such as manufacturing. Nano is moving out of its relaxation phase of scientific route, and as new products go to market, organizations all over the world, as well as the general public, are discussing the environmental and health issues associated with nanotechnology. Nongovernmental science organizations have long since reacted; however, now the social sciences have begun to study the cultural portent of nanotechnology. Societal concerns and their newly constructed concepts, show nanoscience interconnected with the economy, ecology, health, and governance. This handbook addresses these new challenges and is divided into 7 sections: Nanomaterials and the Environment; Life Cycle Environmental Implications of Nanomanufacturing; Bioavailability and Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Environments; Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles; Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology; Commercialization of Nanotechnology; Legalization of Nanotechnology.

Download or read book Drug like Properties Concepts Structure Design and Methods written by Li Di and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the thousands of novel compounds that a drug discovery project team invents and that bind to the therapeutic target, typically only a fraction of these have sufficient ADME/Tox properties to become a drug product. Understanding ADME/Tox is critical for all drug researchers, owing to its increasing importance in advancing high quality candidates to clinical studies and the processes of drug discovery. If the properties are weak, the candidate will have a high risk of failure or be less desirable as a drug product. This book is a tool and resource for scientists engaged in, or preparing for, the selection and optimization process. The authors describe how properties affect in vivo pharmacological activity and impact in vitro assays. Individual drug-like properties are discussed from a practical point of view, such as solubility, permeability and metabolic stability, with regard to fundamental understanding, applications of property data in drug discovery and examples of structural modifications that have achieved improved property performance. The authors also review various methods for the screening (high throughput), diagnosis (medium throughput) and in-depth (low throughput) analysis of drug properties. Serves as an essential working handbook aimed at scientists and students in medicinal chemistry Provides practical, step-by-step guidance on property fundamentals, effects, structure-property relationships, and structure modification strategies Discusses improvements in pharmacokinetics from a practical chemist's standpoint

Download or read book Platinum Based Drugs in Cancer Therapy written by Lloyd R. Kelland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-03-24 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international experts comprehensively review all aspects of platinum anticancer drugs and their current use in treatment, as well as examining their future therapeutic prospects. Writing from a variety of disciplines, these authorities discuss the chemistry of cisplatin in aqueous solution, the molecular interaction of platinum drugs with DNA, and such exciting new areas as DNA mismatch repair and replicative bypass, apoptosis, and the transport of platinum drugs into tumor cells. The emergent platinum drugs of the future-orally active agents, the sterically hindered ZD0473, and the polynuclear charged platinum BBR3464-are also fully considered. Timely and interdisciplinary, Platinum-Based Drugs in Cancer Therapy offers cancer therapeutics specialists an illuminating survey of every aspect of platinum drugs from mechanisms of action to toxicology, tumor resistance, and new analogs.

Download or read book Human Pharmaceuticals Hormones and Fragrances written by Thomas Ternes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw wastewater confirm that municipal wastewater represents the main disposal pathway for the PPCPs consumed in households, hospitals and industry. In sewage treatment plant effluents most PPCPs are still present, since many of these polar and persistent compounds are being removed only partially or, in some cases, not at all. Treated wastewater therefore represents an important point source for PPCPs into the environment. After passing a sewage treatment plant the treated wastewater is mostly discharged into rivers and streams or sometimes used to irrigate fields. If drinking water is produced using resources containing a substantial proportion of treated wastewater (e.g. from river water downstream of communities) the water cycle is closed and indirect potable reuse occurs. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances provides an overview of the occurrence, analytics, removal and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. The book covers all aspects of the fate and removal of PPCPs in the whole water cycle: consumption and occurrence, analytical methods, the legal background, environmental risk assessment, human and animal toxicology, source control options, wastewater and drinking water treatment as well as indirect reuse. The book presents a summary of the results obtained during the EU project "Poseidon", combined with further expert knowledge on the field, and is written at a level appropriate for professionals involved in management of water resource quality. Professionals in the field including decision makers, engineers and scientists, as well as students entering the field, will find this an invaluable source of information. First comprehensive study on the assessment, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater and drinking water treatment. Emphasises the importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, provides methods for quantifying their fate and technologies for their removal.