Download or read book Exporting Press Freedom written by Craig LaMay and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International media assistance is a small but important form of international democracy-promotion aid. Media assistance boomed after the 1989 transitions in Central Europe, but now flows to virtually all regions of the world. Today the media assistance industry is focused on the problem of sustainability: How are free and independent public affairs media supposed to maintain their editorial mission while facing hostile political systems or the demands of the consumer marketplace? Many media in developing countries have been or are grant-dependent. When grants are exhausted or withdrawn, media that were funded to further democratic consolidation typically wither and die. Some become mere grant chasers. Others abandon public service to the demands of market competition, or political patronage. As a result, governmental and non-governmental grant makers now emphasize the need for sustainability in considering grants in the media sector. Many grant recipients have grown frustrated, sometimes bitter, and have sought to take a much more active role in the way assistance programs are put together. Just how is sustainability to be achieved while also ensuring a public-service editorial mission? Exporting Press Freedom examines the history and practice of media assistance, and argues that the dilemma of media independence and sustainability is best understood as an economic problem rather than one of poor editorial standards or lack of will. It includes profiles of news and public affairs media in developing and democratizing countries, and also of two non-governmental organizations that have pioneered the use of low-interest loans in media assistance. These profiles exemplify strategic and entrepreneurial approaches to developing and supporting public service media. Such approaches may be of use not only in the developing world, but in the consolidated Western democracies as well, where concern has grown about poor journalistic performance and its consequences f

Download or read book Exporting Press Freedom written by Craig L. LaMay and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International media assistance is a small but important form of international democracy-promotion aid. Media assistance boomed after the 1989 transitions in Central Europe, but now flows to virtually all regions of the world. Today the media assistance industry is focused on the problem of sustainability: How are free and independent public affairs media supposed to maintain their editorial mission while facing hostile political systems or the demands of the consumer marketplace? Many media in developing countries have been or are grant-dependent. When grants are exhausted or withdrawn, media that were funded to further democratic consolidation typically wither and die. Some become mere grant chasers. Others abandon public service to the demands of market competition, or political patronage. As a result, governmental and non-governmental grant makers now emphasize the need for sustainability in considering grants in the media sector. Many grant recipients have grown frustrated, sometimes bitter, and have sought to take a much more active role in the way assistance programs are put together. Just how is sustainability to be achieved while also ensuring a public-service editorial mission? Exporting Press Freedom examines the history and practice of media assistance, and argues that the dilemma of media independence and sustainability is best understood as an economic problem rather than one of poor editorial standards or lack of will. It includes profiles of news and public affairs media in developing and democratizing countries, and also of two non-governmental organizations that have pioneered the use of low-interest loans in media assistance. These profiles exemplify strategic and entrepreneurial approaches to developing and supporting public service media. Such approaches may be of use not only in the developing world, but in the consolidated Western democracies as well, where concern has grown about poor journalistic performance and its consequences for democratic governance.

Download or read book Exporting Press Freedom written by Craig LaMay and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "International media assistance is a small but important form of international democracy-promotion aid. Media assistance boomed after the 1989 transitions in Central Europe, but now flows to virtually all regions of the world. Today the media assistance industry is focused on the problem of sustainability: How are free and independent public affairs media supposed to maintain their editorial mission while facing hostile political systems or the demands of the consumer marketplace? Many media in developing countries have been or are grant-dependent. When grants are exhausted or withdrawn, media that were funded to further democratic consolidation typically wither and die. Some become mere grant chasers. Others abandon public service to the demands of market competition, or political patronage. As a result, governmental and non-governmental grant makers now emphasize the need for sustainability in considering grants in the media sector. Many grant recipients have grown frustrated, sometimes bitter, and have sought to take a much more active role in the way assistance programs are put together. Just how is sustainability to be achieved while also ensuring a public-service editorial mission? Exporting Press Freedom examines the history and practice of media assistance, and argues that the dilemma of media independence and sustainability is best understood as an economic problem rather than one of poor editorial standards or lack of will. It includes profiles of news and public affairs media in developing and democratizing countries, and also of two non-governmental organizations that have pioneered the use of low-interest loans in media assistance. These profiles exemplify strategic and entrepreneurial approaches to developing and supporting public service media. Such approaches may be of use not only in the developing world, but in the consolidated Western democracies as well, where concern has grown about poor journalistic performance and its consequences f"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Exporting the First Amendment written by Margaret A. Blanchard and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1986 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the aftermath of World War II, the United States State Department and various journalistic organizations joined forces in an attempt to attach statements guaranteeing American-style freedom of the press to certain peace treaties and to United Nations agreements. [Title] documents this controversial crusade. Drawing on State Department records, United Nations debates, personal papers, and journalistic accounts, the text describes how the press defined the issue of First Amendment international-policy aspirations. These aspirations provide grist for current free-press debates before UNESCO and are the focus of the arguments made in the controversy over the proposed New World Information Order." --Jacket.

Download or read book Measuring Global Media Freedom written by Laura Schneider and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Media Freedom Analyzer developed by Laura Schneider is a new way to measure global media freedom in a more objective, unbiased and transparent way. Grounded in the opinions of around 1000 experts from 126 countries, the index is the first empirically validated tool to assess free and independent media across the world. The existing press freedom rankings are frequently criticized for being arbitrary and having a Western bias. This book tackles this very problem. In times of widespread populism, disinformation and mistrust in the media, it is vitally important to have an assessment tool that is accepted across cultures.

Download or read book Exporting Freedom written by Anna Su and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious freedom is widely recognized today as a basic human right, guaranteed by nearly all national constitutions. Exporting Freedom charts the rise of religious freedom as an ideal firmly enshrined in international law and shows how America’s promotion of the cause of individuals worldwide to freely practice their faith advanced its ascent as a global power. Anna Su traces America’s exportation of religious freedom in various laws and policies enacted over the course of the twentieth century, in diverse locations and under a variety of historical circumstances. Influenced by growing religious tolerance at home and inspired by a belief in the United States’ obligation to protect the persecuted beyond its borders, American officials drafted constitutions as part of military occupations—in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, in Japan following World War II, and in Iraq after 2003. They also spearheaded efforts to reform the international legal order by pursuing Wilsonian principles in the League of Nations, drafting the United Nations Charter, and signing the Helsinki Accords during the Cold War. The fruits of these labors are evident in the religious freedom provisions in international legal instruments, regional human rights conventions, and national constitutions. In examining the evolution of religious freedom from an expression of the civilizing impulse to the democratization of states and, finally, through the promotion of human rights, Su offers a new understanding of the significance of religion in international relations.

Download or read book Your Country Our War written by Katherine A. Brown and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Journalists are actors in international relations, mediating communications between governments and publics, but also between the administrations of different countries. American and foreign officials simultaneously consume the work of U.S. journalists and use it in their own thinking about how to conduct their work. As such, journalists play an unofficial diplomatic role. However, the U.S. news media largely amplifies American power. Instead of stimulating greater understanding, the U.S. elite, mainstream press can often widen mistrust as they promote an American worldview and, with the exception of some outliers, reduce the world into a tight security frame in which the U.S. is the hegemon. This has been the case in Afghanistan since 2001, particularly as emerging Afghan journalists have relied significantly on U.S. and other Western news outlets to report events within their government and their country. Based on eight years of interviews in Kabul, Washington, and New York, Your Country, Our War demonstrates how news has intersected with international politics during the War in Afghanistan and shows the global power and reach of the U.S. news media, especially within the context of the post-9/11 era. It reviews the trajectory of the U.S. news narrative about Afghanistan and America's never-ending war, and the rise of Afghan journalism, from 2001 to 2017. The book also examines the impact of the American news media inside a war theater. It examines how U.S. journalists affected the U.S.-Afghan relationship and chronicles their contribution to the rapid development of a community of Afghan journalists who grappled daily with how to define themselves and their country during a tumultuous and uneven transition from fundamentalist to democratic rule. Providing rich detail about the U.S.-Afghan relationship, especially former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai's convictions about the role of the Western press, we begin to understand how journalists are not merely observers to a story; they are participants in it.

Download or read book Exporting the Matrix written by Richard N. Winfield and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exporting the Matrix presents the personal accounts of fifteen leading media law experts who have worked pro bono helping transitional democracies adopt progressive media laws. Their experiences and insights in helping to shape press laws abroad make for compelling reading. Several essays provide practical advice for lawyers working abroad on a variety of development projects. Some describe the laws undergoing reform, while others assess the progress that American lawyers have made, with their counterparts abroad, in creating less hostile legal environments. These accounts vindicate the book''s theme, that "Freedom of thought and speech...is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every other form of freedom." "Overall, EXPORTING THE MATRIX will be useful as a supplemental text to American students and scholars in journalism, law, and international studies in developing what Winfield has aptly called a ''reverse perspective'' on press freedom (''Globalization Comes to Media Law,'' p.116). The book is refreshingly accessible as a resource on media law issues in some of the rarely noticed countries and regions (see the ''Pursuing Elusive Freedom in West Africa'' chapter). Whether as a matter of media law practice or teaching and research, we do need more such books in making the international marketplace of ideas closer to reality." -- Law and Politics Book Review "This book is full of inspiring dispatches from a new breed of secular missionaries -- lawyers who, free of charge, take First Amendment freedoms to foreign lands. With humility and tenacity, they are arming courageous journalists with weapons against sedition, criminal defamation, contempt by ''scandalising the court'', Napoleonic insult laws and other colonial devices which governments use to silence and jail their critics. Freedom of Expression is the key both to political liberty and to combating corruption -- this book shows why it is a universal right, and not a western luxury." -- Geoffrey Robertson, QC, leading British human rights and media law barrister; distinguished jurist member of the UN Justice Council; former appeals judge on the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone. "Exporting the Matrix is an indispensable compendium of insight, experience and guidance in the world of global media reform work. No practitioner in the legal field or the not-for-profit community working on media law and media reform can afford not to have this book within fingertip reach. Besides the fascinating stories of reform abroad, much of it in very difficult circumstances, the book highlights the superb work of the International Senior Lawyers Project. These tough-minded men and women are the professionals who dig into chaotic legal structures with sleeves rolled up and push and prod for genuine progress. They are champions of the art. IREX has benefited from their expertise on many occasions, and we look forward to more years of cooperation in a great cause -- media freedom." -- W. Robert Pearson, career diplomat and expert in international affairs; President, International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), 2008 to present; U.S. Ambassador to Turkey, 2000-2003; Director General of the U.S. Foreign Service, 2003-2006. "This creative and engaging collection of essays on freedom of speech and press abroad transcends national boundaries and the barriers imposed both by legal doctrine and governmental constraint. The central theme of Exporting the Matrix is an eloquent appeal to repressive and benighted censors to seek freer and more open exchange of ideas, views and values. At a time of confusion (indeed chaos) in many parts of the world, this book offers a strikingly hopeful message from a group of eminent authors, drawn from their rich worldwide media experience." -- Robert O''Neil, prominent First Amendment scholar; President, University of Virginia, 1985-1990; founder and director, Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Freedom of Expression (1990-2011). "This collection of essays from around the world reminds us how much the recent Arab Spring owes to the ability of ordinary people to express publicly their views and demands for change. An expression of dissent that started in Tunisia rippled across the region carried by a wave of voices of so many people who are demanding their democratic rights." -- Richard J. Goldstone, appointed by President Nelson Mandela as a judge on the Constitutional Court of South Africa, 1996-2003; first chief prosecutor for the UN International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, 1994-1996. "This collection of very personal essays by media law experts reminds us that the spirit of free speech is alive and kicking the world over. Unfortunately, so is the urge of those in power to stifle dissident. But the experience of these authors show that the right kind of legal intervention really can help curb censorship and enable a free media. Chronicling examples from Japan to Bosnia to Qatar, and recalling successes as well as failures (as much is learnt from the latter as the former), this book inspires. As Darian Pavli, author of the foreword and himself provider as well as erstwhile recipient of pro bono legal advice, says, international legal experts were once defined as ''those who come from afar''. But the experiences collected here show that so long as they come armed with experience, a solid legal analysis and are sensitive to local context, their contribution will go very far. And along the way, the ''experts'' themselves are invariably reminded why they became lawyers themselves. A rewarding read." -- Peter Noorlander, Chief Executive, Media Legal Defence Initiative, London; prominent international media and human rights lawyer. "One of our nation''s most treasured creations is its First Amendment protections of freedom of expression. It is also one of our most meaningful exports. In this enlightening and uplifting publication, senior American lawyers describe their dedicated and sensitive efforts in participating, throughout the world, in pro-freedom international media reform. One need not be senior, a lawyer, or an American to honor their extraordinary contributions or to be fascinated by their well-told experiences." -- Floyd Abrams, pre-eminent First Amendment lawyer, handled major press freedom cases in the U.S. Supreme Court; author of Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. "Exporting the Matrix is more than a primer on how to effectively advocate for broader free expression rights in other countries. Collectively, the essays also serve as an important reflection on the successes and failures of a generation of individuals who have dedicated much of their lives to working on an incredibly complex problem. That is, the book should certainly inform the types of programs--and the contours of their policy goals--that international organizations support in the future as they seek to provide journalists around the globe with greater press freedoms. In this regard, although the essayists were looking back on their efforts, the collection outlines a path forward on how future campaigns might be more effective and ultimately enhance press freedoms abroad ... Exporting the Matrix is not just for those interested in working abroad to expand press freedoms. The captivating stories and the insights gleaned from the reflections of these free speech pioneers serve as a meaningful reminder of the hard work, deft lawyering, and careful drafting that went into establishing the broad and, in many ways, unparalleled press freedoms that U.S. journalists enjoy." -- Communications Lawyer

Download or read book Exporting Freedom written by Anna Su and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-04 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious freedom is widely recognized today as a basic human right, guaranteed by nearly all national constitutions. Exporting Freedom charts the rise of religious freedom as an ideal firmly enshrined in international law and shows how America’s promotion of the cause of individuals worldwide to freely practice their faith advanced its ascent as a global power. Anna Su traces America’s exportation of religious freedom in various laws and policies enacted over the course of the twentieth century, in diverse locations and under a variety of historical circumstances. Influenced by growing religious tolerance at home and inspired by a belief in the United States’ obligation to protect the persecuted beyond its borders, American officials drafted constitutions as part of military occupations—in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, in Japan following World War II, and in Iraq after 2003. They also spearheaded efforts to reform the international legal order by pursuing Wilsonian principles in the League of Nations, drafting the United Nations Charter, and signing the Helsinki Accords during the Cold War. The fruits of these labors are evident in the religious freedom provisions in international legal instruments, regional human rights conventions, and national constitutions. In examining the evolution of religious freedom from an expression of the civilizing impulse to the democratization of states and, finally, through the promotion of human rights, Su offers a new understanding of the significance of religion in international relations.

Download or read book Media Reforms and Democratization in Emerging Democracies of Sub Saharan Africa written by Ufuoma Akpojivi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the media reform processes and re-democratization projects of Ghana and Nigeria’s emerging democracies. It evaluates and critiques these reform processes, arguing that because of dependency approaches resulting from the transplanting of policy framework from the West into these emerging democracies, the policy goals and objectives of the reforms have not been achieved. Consequently, the inherent socio-cultural, economic and political factors, coupled with the historical antecedents of these countries, have also affected the reform process. Drawing from policy documents, analyses and interviews, Ufuoma Akpojivi argues that the lack of citizens’ active participation in policy processes has led to neo-liberalization and the continued universalization of Western ideologies such as democracy, media freedom and independence. Akpojivi posits that the recognition of socio-cultural, political and economic factors inherent to these emerging democracies, coupled with the communal participation of citizens, will facilitate true media reform processes and development of these countries.

Download or read book Log Exports written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Media in Transitional Democracies written by Katrin Voltmer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-10 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last quarter of a century has seen an unprecedented wave of democratization around the globe. In these transitions from authoritarian rule to a more democratic order, the media have played a key role both by facilitating, but frequently also inhibiting, democratic practices to take root. This book provides an accessible and systematic introduction to the media in transitional democracies. It analyses the problems that occur when transforming the media into independent institutions that are able to inform citizens and hold governments to account. The book covers the following topics: normative conceptions of media and democracy; the role of the past in the transition process; the internet as a new space for democratic change; the persistence of political interference in emerging democracies; the interlocking power of media markets and political ownership; the challenges to journalistic professionalism in post-authoritarian contexts; the role of the media in divided societies; The book takes a global view by exploring the interplay of political and media transitions in different pathways of democratization that have taken place in Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia. It will be of interest to advanced students and scholars who want a better understanding of the media outside established Western democracies. The book will also be of great value to policymakers and activists who are involved in strengthening the media in transitional democracies.

Download or read book Media Constrained by Context written by Kristina Irion and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books draws a comparative balance of twenty years' international media assistance in the five countries of the Western Balkans. The central question was what happens to imported models when they are transposed onto the newly evolving media systems of transitional societies. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by the local context. From today's vantage point it becomes obvious, that scaling media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes. The experiences in the region suggest that imported solutions have not been very cognitive in all aspects of local conditions but international strategies tent to be rather schematic and lacked strategic approaches to promote media policy stability, credible media reform and implementation. The book offers valuable insights into the nature and effects of media assistance and the strategies deployed by international aid agencies, local political forces, media professionals, civil society organizations and other actors.

Download or read book Fiscal Monitor April 2019 written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses fiscal policies to prepare for the next downturn and foster long-term inclusive growth by adapting to changing demographics, advancing technology, and deepening global integration. It also covers recent fiscal developments and the fiscal outlook in advanced economies, emerging markets, and low-income developing countries; recent trends in government debt and analysis of changes in fiscal balances, revenue, and spending; and potential fiscal risks. The report takes on in-depth look at how corruption impacts government policies and operations, the fiscal costs, and how fiscal institutions can help fight corruption.

Download or read book New Media and Revolution written by Billie Jeanne Brownlee and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arab Spring did not arise out of nowhere. It was the physical manifestation of more than a decade of new media diffusion, use, and experimentation that empowered ordinary people during their everyday lives. In this book, Billie Jeanne Brownlee offers a refreshing insight into the way new media can facilitate a culture of resistance and dissent in authoritarian states. Investigating the root causes of the Syrian uprising of 2011, New Media and Revolution shows how acts of online resistance prepared the ground for better-organised street mobilisation. The book interprets the uprising not as the start of Syria's social mobilisation but as a shift from online to offline contestation, and from localised and hidden practices of digital dissent to tangible mass street protests. Brownlee goes beyond the common dichotomy that frames new media as either a deus ex machina or a means of expression to demonstrate that, in Syria, media was a nontraditional institution that enabled resistance to digitally manifest and gestate below, within, and parallel to formal institutions of power. To refute the idea that the population of Syria was largely apathetic and apolitical prior to the uprising, Brownlee explains that social media and technology created camouflaged geographies and spaces where individuals could protest without being detected. Challenging the myth of authoritarian stability, New Media and Revolution uncovers the dynamics of grassroots resistance blossoming under the radar of ordinary politics.

Download or read book Foreign Operations Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations for 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Law and Politics of the Taiwan Sunflower and Hong Kong Umbrella Movements written by Brian Christopher Jones and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rarely do acts of civil disobedience come in such grand fashion as Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement and Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement. The two protests came in regions and jurisdictions that many have underestimated as regards furthering notions of political speech, democratisation, and testing the limits of authority. This book breaks down these two movements and explores their complex legal and political significance. The collection brings together some of Asia’s, and especially Taiwan and Hong Kong’s, most prolific writers, many of whom are internationally recognised experts in their respective fields, to address the legal and political significance of both movements, including the complex questions they posed as regards democracy, rule of law, authority, and freedom of speech. Given that occupational type protests have become a prominent method for protesters to make their cases to both citizens and governments, exploring the legalities of these significant protests and establishing best practices will be important to future movements, wherever they may transpire. With this in mind, the book does not stop at implications for Taiwan and Hong Kong, but talks about its subject matter from a comparative, international perspective.