Download or read book Experimentally Determined Rock fluid Interactions Applicable to a Natural Hot Dry Rock Geothermal System written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is pursuing laboratory and field experiments in the development of the Hot Dry Rock concept of geothermal energy. The field program consists of experiments in a hydraulically fractured region of low permeability in which hot rock is intercepted by two wellbores. These experiments are designed to test reservoir engineering parameters such as: heat extraction rates, water loss rates, flow characteristics including impedance and buoyancy, seismic activity and fluid chemistry. Laboratory experiments have been designed to provide information on the mineral reactivity which may be encountered in the field program. Two experimental circulation systems have been built to study the rates of dissolution and alteration in dynamic flow. Solubility studies have been done in agitated systems. To date, pure minerals, samples of the granodiorite from the actual reservoir and Tijeras Canyon granite have been reacted with distilled water and various solutions of NaCl, NaOH, and Na2CO3. The results of these experimental systems are compared to observations made in field experiments done in a hot dry rock reservoir at a depth of approximately 3 km with initial rock temperatures of 150 to 200°C.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program Annual Report Fiscal Year written by Hot Dry Rock Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Geochemical Considerations for Hot Dry Rock Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circulating systems intended to model the P-T conditions found in the natural HDR (Hot Dry Rock) geothermal system at Los Alamos have been built. Experiments with these systems have determined the following parameters for the ''down hole'' reservoir: sample weight loss, circulating solution composition, textural changes in the rock, mineral loss from the rock and effects of chemical additives on rock erosion. The analyses of solutions generated from rock-water interactions in the experimental systems show the extremely dilute nature of the working fluid. These solutions are not brines. Silica scaling in the surface heat exchanger was found to account for the difference between loss of sample rate and analyzed silica in the solution. The weight loss data indicate that there was continuous transport of silica from the ''down hole'' rock to the heat exchanger. Experiments contrasting felsic and mafic rocks in the HDR concept indicate that a reservoir consisting of glass bearing basaltic rock would tend to produce greater scaling problems than systems emplaced in granite. Experimental results suggest that Na2CO3 solutions may provide a means of increasing permeability and thereby increasing the effective heat transfer area of the reservoir. A brief description is given of a small test loop for simulating the flow of a geothermal solution through a heat exchanger. This loop, which is being built, will be used to study the coagulation and precipitation of silica under conditions similar to those expected in the field.
Download or read book Applications of the Fluid rock Interaction Program FRIP to the Modelling of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Systems written by R. J. Pine and published by . This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications of Los Alamos Research written by Los Alamos National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Workshop Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rock water Interactions in Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems written by Charles Owen Grigsby and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin written by Abolfazl Jameossanaie and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 1995 Florence Italy 18 31 May 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four hundred and fifty-four papers arranged in 15 sections.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Water Rock Interaction in Geothermal System written by Mingxing Bai and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy written by Hot Dry Rock Assessment Panel and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential for Hot dry rock Geothermal Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot dry rock (HDR) contains insufficient permeability and fluid for natural hydrothermal development, but water pumped in a circulation loop through a HDR reservoir (hydraulically fractured between two drill holes) is being tested and evaluated. The formation of such in situ heat transfer systems, and subsequent testing of the man-made geothermal reservoirs in the Jemez volcanic field, New Mexico have already indicated the technical feasibility of the hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal concept. Documented production history and heat-extraction data obtained during the period from 1978 to 1980 have confirmed heat transfer, low water loss, and predictable thermal drawdown models for the HDR systems. During a nine month test of closed-loop heat extraction operations, 15 x 106 kWh of thermal energy were produced. The effective heat-transfer area and volume of the reservoir increased due to secondary fracturing caused by thermal contraction of the reservoir rock, and sustained pressurization. Drilling, fracturing, and testing of a larger, hotter reservoir system is now underway on a HDR geothermal reservoir of commercial size.
Download or read book Water Rock Experiments to 300oC and Comparisons to Chemical Interactions in Active Geothermal Systems written by George H. Kacandes and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basaltic rocks have been reacted with synthetic groundwater in closed-system, Dickson-type rocking autoclaves for periods of up to 5,000 hours. The experiments were carried out isothermally at 100°, 200°, and 300° C, 300 bars, and an initial water/rock mass ratio of 10. These conditions were intended to simulate those present in active geothermal systems. Fluid compositions changed rapidly during the early stages of the experiments. In the long-term, however, most species approached steady-state values. At that stage, temperature appears to be the most important factor controlling fluid composition; the effect of rock type and starting fluid composition were far less significant. Comparison of long-term, stabilized fluid compositions with those produced in other dilute-water/whole-rock experiments (basaltic and non-basaltic) shows that experiments conducted at the same temperature attain similar overall fluid chemistries. Such behavior may reflect an approach to equilibrium of these fluids with thermochemically-similar alteration mineral assemblages. Stable fluid chemistries produced in these and other dilute-water/whole-rock experiments (80 °-300 ° C) were then compared with reservoir data from several geothermal fields. The comparisons show that experiments of this type can reproduce many properties of geothermal reservoir fluids. Like geothermal fluids, compositional parameters (pH, cation/proton ratios, cation/cation ratios, and neutral species concentrations) for species in experimentally derived fluids are temperature dependent but are relatively independent of rock, water, and water/rock mass ratio. At lower temperatures (less than or equal to 250° C), many of these experimental parameter-temperature trends agree with geothermal trends. However, at higher temperatures ( greater than or equal to 250° C), the geothermal fluids have calculated high-temperature pH values 1 to 2 pH units lower than do the experimentally-derived fluids. This produces a consistent offset between values of experimental and natural cation/proton activity ratios. Possible causes for the offsets include: pervasive metastable mineral formation in experiments; and absence, in experiments, of the equivalent of a magmatic or metamorphic gas input. Results from modified water/rock experiments indicate that, while metastability may be a partial cause for the offsets, geothermal fluid parameters can be duplicated by addition of CO2. Furthermore, maintenance of high /CO2, low pH conditions required a CO2 flux. Magmatic gas flux is not always considered in chemical models of geothermal systems and its requirement in the experiments may indicate that E CO2 should be taken as an independent variable. Finally, comparable offsets could also be caused by the addition of exotic co2 or other acid gases during upflow or sampling of wet steam discharges. Field influences such as these would give rise to lower than actual reservoir pH's. Thus the offsets could indicate that some geothermal fluid pH's are more basic than commonly calculated and closer to those attained in water/rock experiments. Water/rock experiments are capable of simulating many of the chemical features of geothermal reservoir fluids but interpretation of experimental data is not straightforward. The closed-system and relatively short-term nature of the experiments must be considered when making comparisons with natural phenomena. Of equal importance is a clear understanding of the natural phenomena being modeled.
Download or read book Rock water Interaction in Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems written by E. Althaus and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
