Download or read book Evolution of Quaternary Intraplate Mafic Lavas Detailed Using 3He Surface Exposure and 40Ar 39Ar Dating and Elemental and He Sr Nd and Pb Isotopic Signatures written by Wendi Joan Whitehead Williams and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Mexico s Ice Ages written by Spencer G. Lucas and published by New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology of M xico written by Susana A. Alaniz-Álvarez and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Source Versus Process driven Geochemical Variations of Mafic Lavas from Different Tectonic Regimes written by Kathryn Durkin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the geochemical evolution between the source and resultant magmas is an important step in refining our understanding of plate tectonics. Primitive, mafic lavas are generally considered the most likely to preserve mantle source characteristics as these melts have been the least modified by geochemical effects of magmatic and secondary processes. Such processes (e.g. partial melting, fractional crystallization and contamination through assimilation of crustal material) exert geochemical controls on the composition and evolution of such magmas. The primary aim of this thesis is to study geochemical source signatures of magmas from a variety of tectonic settings and the processes that have affected such magmas. Major chapters of this thesis explore the generation and transfer of the geochemical signature of Pacific altered oceanic crust (AOC) subducting into the Izu-Bonin trench, the effects of Pacific oceanic plateau formation on the upper mantle source of the Pacific-Izanagi mid-ocean ridge basalts during the Mid-Cretaceous and the generation of compositionally similar alkalic lavas on both continental and oceanic crust in the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). I used a variety of geochemical measurements, including major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-Os isotope analyses to analyze two unique sets of samples to illuminate the geochemical mantle source-primary melt-erupted volcanic evolution at a convergent margin, an established mid-ocean ridge setting and a rift zone. The samples studied in Chapters 2 and 3 were dredged AOC from an along-arc transect. They have a Pacific-type Pb-isotope signature and show a progressive trace element and radiogenic isotope enrichment from older crust in the south to younger, northern crust. This observation indicates that the previously documented Indian-type Pb-isotope signature of Izu-Bonin arc lavas is not directly sourced from the subducting material and that the Indian-type mantle wedge has a greater than anticipated role in the generation of the Pb-isotopic signature of the associated arc lavas. Chapter 3 focuses on this same suite of transect samples but addresses the unanticipated geochemical enrichment trend from the older northern crust to the younger southern crust. This compositional trend likely results from contamination of the Pacific upper mantle due to the eruption of the Ontong-Java, Manihiki and Hikurangi plateaus in a massive magmatic pulse centered around 125 Ma. Chapter 4, on the other hand, uses an ocean-continent transect of alkalic lavas from the West Antarctic rift system (WARS) to assess the effects and degree of crustal contamination in WARS lavas. My findings indicate a similar mantle source for these lavas with variable degrees of crustal contamination that are most evident in the continental samples. This result emphasizes the pervasive nature of crustal contamination, especially in continental settings.
Download or read book History of Quaternary Volcanism and Lava Dams in Western Grand Canyon Based on LIDAR Analysis 40AR 39AR Dating and Field Studies written by Ryan S. Crow and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geochemistry of Mafic Anatolian Lavas written by Megan Pickard and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation provides in-depth analysis of major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions of mafic lavas in the Anatolian province. I combine incompatible and fluid-mobile trace elements and radiogenic lithophile isotope compositions to interpret the genesis of Sivas, Central Anatolia mafic lavas and the source components for mafic lavas throughout the Anatolian-circum-Mediterranean region. The data provide insight into the long-term (~1.8 Ga) geologic and tectonic history of the area. I use major and trace element compositions of Sivas mafic lavas to define two groups with contrasting petrogenetic histories. The first group is comprised of basalts and basaltic trachyandesites. Their low Ba/Nb, La/Nb, and Th/Nb values are similar to those observed in mantle-derived basalts and suggest they are derived from an asthenospheric mantle-dominated source. The second group are basanites that are enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to mid-ocean ridge basalts and have high Ba/Nb, La/Nb, and Th/Nb values indicative of a source in metasomatized sub-continental lithosphere containing hydrous phases such as amphibole. I also use the major element compositions of clinopyroxene phenecrysts in the mafic lavas to constrain the pressures of melting and differentiation for Sivas mafic lavas. Specifically clinopyroxene Al contents of the basaltic group suggest crystallization both at lower crustal depths (~10 kb) and at near-surface pressures. In contrast, basanite clinopyroxene indicate only one stage of crystal growth at around 5-8 kb prior to eruption. Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope compositions of Sivas mafic lavas support and expand on the trace element findings. As seen in trace element compositions, the basaltic group consistently records higher asthenospheric contributions while the basanites with more radiogenic Sr and Pb low Nd isotope values originate from magmas with higher contributions from metasomatized sub-continental lithosphere. The Pb isotope signatures also record pseudo-binary mixing between shallow depleted asthenosphere, a regionally heterogeneous lithosphere, and a common mantle source with the isotopic characteristics of the C component or the circum-Mediterranean asthenosphere to form Sivas magmas. Calculated Nd model ages relative to depleted mantle indicate the incorporated lithosphere stabilized from the mantle between 1.8 and 1.2 Ga corresponding to assembly of Rodinia and Columbia supercontinents. Variations in source contributions and lithosphere stabilization ages appear to correlate with the geographic location of a modern strike-slip fault along the Kızılırmak River in the Sivas Basin, suggesting that Sivas mafic lavas record contributions from distinct lithospheric packages that are juxtaposed across a major crustal suture. One important implication of this result is that the oft-invoked subduction modification of mantle source regions contributing to Anatolian volcanism is not related to the more recent Miocene closure of Africa and Eurasia, but rather is an ancient inherited feature that has been present for an extended period of time.This dissertation also gives insight on science education and focuses on evidence for progression of knowledge with age and importance of targeted teaching. Science concepts for each grade level are intended to build on content learned in previous grades with the idea that students transition from a very simple to a very complex understanding of Earth and Space science by high school graduation.
Download or read book Crustal Magmatic System Evolution written by Matteo Masotta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive picture of the architecture of crustal magmatic systems The composition of igneous rocks – their minerals, melts, and fluids – reveals the physical and chemical conditions under which magmas form, evolve, interact, and move from the Earth’s mantle through the crust. These magma dynamics affect processes on the surface including crustal growth and eruptive behaviour of volcanoes. Crustal Magmatic System Evolution: Anatomy, Architecture, and Physico-Chemical Processes uses analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches to explore the diversity of crustal processes from magma differentiation and assimilation to eruption at the surface. Volume highlights include: Physical and chemical parameterization of crustal magmatic systems Experimental, theoretical and modelling approaches targeting crustal magmatic processes Timescales of crustal magmatic processes, including storage, recharge, and ascent through volcanic conduits The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book in a Q&A with the Editors.
Download or read book Preliminary Determination of Epicenters written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topics in Igneous Petrology written by Jyotisankar Ray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the past century witnessed a remarkable paradigm shift in approach to the understanding of igneous rocks. Global literature records a change from a classical petrographic approach to emphasis on mineral chemistry, trace element characteristics, tectonic setting, phase relations, and theoretical simulation of magma generation and evolution processes. This book contains contributions by international experts in different fields of igneous petrology and presents an overview of recent developments. This book is dedicated to the late Dr Mihir K. Bose, former professor of the Department of Geology, Presidency College, Calcutta, India, who actively participated in the development of this new global view of igneous petrology.
Download or read book The Rio Chama written by Paul W. Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2021-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of the hundreds of Rio Chama rafting trips that we've logged during the last 30 years, none of us has ever had a bad trip. Such is the magic of the Rio Chama. No matter the weather, the water level, the season, the crowded Big Eddy boat ramp on a blistering Sunday afternoon, or even the coffee forgotten at home, the Rio Chama remains "The People's River." Its stunning beauty, plus its exceptional camping, user-friendly whitewater, and mostly predictable flows, combine to create one of the Southwest's premiere, multi-day, river running experiences.The spectacular, towering canyon walls of the Wild & Scenic section through the remote Chama River Canyon Wilderness is New Mexico's own "Grand Canyon." The geology of the Rio Chama is so exceptional that this river is ideally suited for a river guide with a geological theme. And so, following the release of the Rio Grande geologic river guide in 2011, we turned our (part-time) attention to the Rio Chama. Although most Rio Chama recreation is focused on the El Vado to Big Eddy stretch, thedecision was easily made to include the entire boatable section, from the highlands in Colorado to the confluence with the Rio Grande, as each section of the river displays its own visual spectacles and assortment of adventures. Plus, the geology is magnificent and diverse along the entire length of the river.
Download or read book The Role of Halogens in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Geochemical Processes written by Daniel E. Harlov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism, mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability of terrestrial worlds overall.
Download or read book Geology of Death Valley National Park written by Marli Bryant Miller and published by Kendall Hunt. This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explorea the geologic history, landforms, and geologic processes of Death Valley, which is the hottest area in the US and also features many rock types. Maps and photographs accompany the descriptions of rock types, mining, faults, and topography.
Download or read book The Red Sea written by Najeeb M.A. Rasul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the Red Sea, from its geological formation and oceanographic development to the environmental influences on its ecology and the changes it is experiencing due to the rapid development of its coastlines and role as one of the world’s major transport routes. The book gathers invited contributions from researchers with an interest in the geology, geophysics, oceanography and environment of the Red Sea, while also providing comprehensive new data and a complete review of the literature. It will be of interest not only to researchers actively studying the sea and its surroundings, but will also appeal to all those involved in planning and managing the Red Sea, its environment, its resources and the countries which rely on its existence.
Download or read book The Lithosphere Beneath the Indian Shield written by Ashoka G. Dessai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the geotectonic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Indian Shield, which comprises a collage of cratons variously bounded by mobile belts and palaeo-rifts. The lithosphere beneath these is fairly thin compared to other cratons worldwide, petrologically varied and shows considerable variation in thickness with depth both intra-craton and among cratons. Moreover, it has been subjected to the influence of repeated magmatic episodes from Proterozoic to Palaeocene, which have variously impacted different parts of the shield. The thermotectonic influence on constituent cratons is variable depending on the evolutionary history. This book discusses the impact of successive tectonomagmatic events on the evolution of the deep crust and shallow mantle, and their Phanerozoic modification as gleaned through the xenolith window. The book provides a petrotectonic perspective on the deep crust and shallow mantle from direct samples brought up as xenoliths of deep lithologies, and offers a comprehensive overview for students, researchers, academics and professionals, integrating the results of petrological studies of deep lithologies and geophysical investigations to (i) shed light on the physico-chemical and thermal structure of the lithosphere from an array of geotectonic settings and (ii) gain insights into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Indian Shield. An in-depth guide critical thinking on the complex issue of mantle differentiation, magmatism, lithosphere modification and crustal growth over time, the book allows readers to gain a better understanding of the processes that affect the lithosphere and shape the crust on which we live.
Download or read book Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin written by Maarten J. de Wit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the geomorphology, geology, geochronology, geophysics and mineral resources of the Congo Basin, one of the world’s most enigmatic and poorly understood major intra-continental sedimentary basins, and its flanking areas of Central Africa. It provides an up to date analysis of the large region’s origin and evolution. The book’s nineteen chapters take the reader through the entire basement history, as well as the Basin’s ca. 700 million years of cover sequences. Starting from its Archean cratons and Proterozoic mobile belts, and proceeding through the Phanerozoic sequences, including the most recent Cenozoic successions, the book also explores the present drainage systems and the subtle but complex topography of the Congo Basin. It also presents and evaluates new basin models and related dynamic processes, as well as revised correlation schemes with its Gondwana counterparts in South America, all of which provide key insights into its rich diamond deposits and other mineral wealth, which are documented in the final chapters. A specific feature of this book is its synthesis, performed by teams of active experts, of a vast amount of geoscientific data previously only recorded in research reports, company reports, survey bulletins, and scattered journal articles and books. The sheer size of the Congo Basin (ca.1.8 million km2, or just under half the area of the EU) and Central Africa (some 7 million km2, or more than 70% of the area of the USA) will make this a sought-after source of information and inspiration on this unique region.
Download or read book Potassic Igneous Rocks and Associated Gold Copper Mineralization written by Daniel Müller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been increasing interest from geoscientists in potassic ig neous rocks. Academic geoscientists have been interested in their petrogenesis and their potential value in defining the tectonic setting of the terranes into which they were intruded, and exploration geoscientists have become increasingly interested in the association of these rocks with major epithermal gold and porphyry gold-copper deposits. Despite this current interest, there is no comprehensive textbook that deals with these aspects of potassic igneous rocks. This book redresses this situation by elucidating the characteristic features of potassic (high-K) igneous rocks, erecting a hierarchical scheme that allows interpre tation of their tectonic setting using whole-rock geochemistry, and investigating their associations with a variety of gold and copper-gold deposits, worldwide. About two thirds of the book is based on a PhD thesis by Dr Daniel Muller which was produced at the Key Centre for Strategic Mineral Deposits within the Department of Geology and Geophysics at The University of Western Australia under the supervision of Professor David Groves, the late Dr Nick Rock, Professor Eugen Stumpf!, Dr Wayne Taylor, and Dr Brendon Griffin. The remainder of the book has been compiled from the literature using the collective experience of the two authors. The book is dedi cated to the memory of Dr Rock who initiated the research project but died before its completion.
