Download or read book Evaluation of SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin for the Removal of Rhenium from Hanford Envelope A Simulant written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hanford Radioactive Waste materials have been categorized into four envelopes labeled A through D as specified in the Tank Waste Remediation Contract between BNFL and DOE. 1 Envelopes A, B and C contain only solubilized species and are specified as Low-Activity Waste (LAW). Each envelope is defined based on compositional maximums of chemical and radioactive constituents. Envelopes A and B contain low concentrations of organic species and the primary form of technetium is pertechnetate (TcO4- ). Envelope C contains higher levels of organic species and technetium which is primarily in the nonpertechnetate form (presumably complexed TcO2). Envelope D is sludge which has been separated from the supernate and is referred to as High Activity Waste. The current plant design utilizes SuperLig ion exchange resins to remove cesium and technetium (the primary radioactive constituents) from the Hanford LAW. The process is designed to produce a decontaminated waste stream and a concentrated eluate waste stream for vitrification into low and high activity glasses, respectively.
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- Release : 2000
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- Pages : 5 pages
Optimization of Cesium Removal from Hanford Envelope A Simulant with SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin
Download or read book Optimization of Cesium Removal from Hanford Envelope A Simulant with SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hanford RadioactiveWaste materials have been categorized into four envelopes labeled A through D as specified in the Tank Waste Remediation Contract between BNFL and DOE. 1 Envelopes A, B and C contain only solubilized species and are specified as Low-Activity Waste (LAW). Each envelope is defined based on compositional maximums of chemical and radioactive constituents. Envelopes A and B contain low concentrations of organic species and the primary form of technetium is pertechnetate (TcO4- ). Envelope C contains higher levels of organic species and technetium which is primarily in the nonpertechnetate form (presumably complexed TcO2). Envelope D is sludge which has been separated from the supernate and is referred to as High Activity Waste. The current plant design utilizes SuperLig ion exchange resins to remove cesium and technetium (the primary radioactive constituents) from the Hanford LAW. The process is designed to produce a decontaminated waste stream and a concentrated eluate waste stream for vitrification into low and high activity glasses, respectively.
Download or read book Summary of Testing of SuperLig 639 at the TFL Ion Exchange Facility written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pilot scale facility was designed and built in the Thermal Fluids Laboratory at the Savannah River Technology Center to test ion exchange resins for removing technetium and cesium from simulated Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW). The facility supports the design of the Hanford River Protection Project for BNFL, Inc. The pilot scale system mimics the full-length of the columns and the operational scenario of the planned ion exchange system. Purposes of the testing include confirmation of the design, evaluation of methods for process optimization and developing methods for waste volume minimization. This report documents the performance of the technetium removal resin.
Download or read book Chemical Degradation of SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin written by Stuart T. Arm and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig reg sign 644 Resorcinol formaldehyde and CS 100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PNL evaluated three polymeric materials for Cs removal efficiency from a simulated Hanford Neutralized Current Acid Waste (NCAW) supernatant liquid using 200 mL ion exchange columns. Cs loadings (mmole Cs/g resin) were 0.20, 0.18, and 0.039 for Super Lig 644, R-F, and CS-100 (0.045, 0.070, 0.011 mmole Cs/mL resin). Elution of each resin material with 0.5 M HNO3 required 3.5, 7.0, and 3.2 cv to reach 0.1 C/C0 for the respective materials, resulting in volume compressions of 27, 20, and 6.9. Peak Cs concentrations during elution was 185, 38.5, and 27.8 C/C0. SuperLig 644 had the highest Cs loading per gram in NCAW and the greatest volume compression on aci elution. Because of high density and poor elution, R-F had the highest Cs loading per unit volume and lower volume compression. CS-100, the baseline material for Cs removal at Hanford, was inferior to both SuperLig 644 and R-F in terms of Cs loading and selectivity over sodium.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste Using Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected performance of an alternative ion exchange resin, i.e., Resorcinol-Formaldehyde for the removal of cesium from Hanford high level radioactive alkaline waste is discussed. The SuperLig(R) 644 resin is the current primary resin of choice. A consistent performance comparison between RF and SuperLig(R) 644 resins is also provided. This report represents an initial report on our ability and knowledge with regard to modeling the RF resin ion exchange system, i.e., RF in its spherical bead structure. Only the loading phase of the cycle process is addressed within this report. Pertinent bench-scale column tests and batch equilibrium experiments are addressed. The methodology employed and sensitivity analyses are also discussed, i.e., the existing methodology employed for SuperLig(R) 644 resin analyses is also employed for the RF resin analyses. Pilot-scale testing is not assessed since no pilot-scale testing was available or planned at the time of this report, i.e., only Stage 1 activities are covered. Column performance predictions are made considering three selected feed compositions under nominal operating conditions. The sensitivity analyses provided help to identify key parameters that aid in resin procurement acceptance criteria. The methodology and application presented within this report reflect the expected behavior of RF resin manufactured at the small-scale, i.e., approximately 250 ml batch size level by Sintef. No analysis associated with the original ground RF resin is presented within this report. WTP decided that the baseline RF resin should be changed to the spherical bead form.
Download or read book Spherical Resorcinol formaldehyde Resin Testing for 137Cs Removal from Simulated and Actual Hanford Waste Tank 241 AP 101 Diluted Feed envelope A Small Column Ion Exchange written by Sandra K. Fiskum and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature of SuperLig R 644 Cesium Removal from Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Batch kinetic and column experiments have been carried out at 25, 35, and 45 Degrees C to examine the effect of temperature on SuperLig(R) 644 cesium (Cs) removal from simulated Hanford tank waste supernate. The simulated solution mimicked the composition of the low-activity waste supernate from tank 241-AN-105 in the U.S. DOE Hanford site. Small quantities of toxic metals, such as Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb were spiked into the simulant to evaluate the metal's competitiveness with Cs for sorption on SuperLig(R) 644 resin. The results indicated that the temperature affects the removal of Cs and metal ions, although the effect was not the same for all metal ions. The extent of Cs removal decreased with an increase in temperature. The Cs capacity at breakthrough point was 0.015, 0.013, and 0.011-mmole/g dry resin at 25, 35 and 45 Degrees C, respectively. The column was effectively eluted to less than 1 Percent (0.1 C/Co) of the feed concentration with approximately 10 BVs of 0.5 M nitric acid. The resin showed limited affinity for toxic metal ions (Cr, Cd, Fe, and Pb) as compared to Cs. Based on the batch kinetic data, the Cs uptake of the resin was not hampered by the presence of the toxic metals in solution.
Download or read book Small Column Ion Exchange Testing of Spherical Resorcinol formaldehyde Resin for 137Cs Removal from Pre treated Hanford Tank 241 AN 102 Waste envelope C written by Sandra K. Fiskum and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Architectural Energy Efficiency written by Nasrollahi, Farshad and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy saving in buildings through cost and energy-intensive measures, such as the application of additional building materials and technologies, is only possible with a great consumption of resources and CO2 emissions for their production. For low energy buildings, the investment costs, including user costs and governmental subsidies, are generally high, and construction is not always economically viable in consideration of the national capital in the present economic conditions of most countries. For these reasons, it is first of all necessary to apply cost and resource-efficient measures to save energy in buildings and then make use of additional cost and energy-intensive measures by improving the thermal envelope, the HVAC system or by installing energy generating systems. One of the most cost effective and ecological methods of energy saving in buildings is the reduction of energy requirements through climate responsive architecture. Due to the fact that energy saving through the optimization of architecture is not only cost-neutral, resource-efficient and carbon-neutral but also has a very high energy-saving potential, the first and most important strategy to save energy should be an optimized and climate responsive design. Energy saving through optimized architectural design is economically and ecologically sustainable. The development of building simulation science in the last decades has made it easier to study the energy performance of buildings. Tools have made it possible to predict the complex behavior of buildings regarding the climate. Except for the comparison of different building typologies to find the most efficient, there are no other methods to achieve energy savings through the architectural design, which can be applied by a variety of building types and climates. Therefore, in order to encourage the optimization of architectural design, it is necessary to improve these methods which represent strategies to significantly reduce the energy demand of buildings. Architectural Energy Efficiency is a parametric method which separately studies the effects of various energy-related architectural factors on the energy demand of buildings by using dynamic energy simulations to find the, from an energy efficiency point of view, optimum value for each of these. The architectural factors include orientation, building elongation, building form, opening ratio in different orientations, sun shading, natural ventilation etc. The research process that led to the formulation of the Architectural Energy Efficiency method is based on a series of simulations carried out by a dynamic simulation software tool (DesignBuilder) to calculate the energy demands of a building with different variants for a single architectural feature. The aim of the simulations is to find an optimum set of energy-related variables that result in the best and most efficient energy performance for a specific building type and climate. This method of efficiency illustrates the effects different architectural features have on the various energy demands of buildings. The criteria are derived from the application of this method for a specific building occupation and climate, and can be applied in the design process of buildings, which leads to improvements of the energy performance and a reduction of resource consumption. As the architectural design affects the heating and cooling as well as the lighting energy demands of buildings, the optimum value of each factor must be based on these three aspects. The heating, cooling and lighting energy demands of buildings all behave very differently. Therefore, these three energy demands together (i. e. the sum of heating, cooling and lighting energy) must also be applied as a criterion to study the building energy performance and find the optimum value for each architectural feature. The criteria for selecting the best variant can not only be based on the total energy demand, but should also consider the primary energy demand, the CO2 emissions, energy costs (for heating, cooling and lighting), life cycle costs, etc. The application of these findings to the architectural design of buildings minimizes the energy demand, the CO2 emissions and energy costs of the building, does not, however, affect the initial building costs. The advantages of energy saving through optimizing the architectural design are not only the improvement of the building’s energy performance, but also the fact that the energy saving is cost and resource-efficient. This means that the energy demand of a building will decrease without increasing the investment costs of the building and without consuming any resources and energy for the production of additional building materials. The cost and resource efficiency contributes towards the economic and ecological sustainability of a building during the full life cycle.
Download or read book Microwave Assisted Sample Preparation for Trace Element Determination written by Erico Marlon Moraes Flores and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave-Assisted Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis, Second Edition, describes the principles, equipment, and applications involved in sample preparation with microwaves for detecting and analyzing trace elements. Hot topics such as sample preparation for speciation, metabolomics, and halogen determination, as well as the alternatives of sample preparation for special samples (for example, carbon nanotubes, polymers, petroleum products), are also discussed. This completely updated second edition covers all the new devices and more powerful systems that have emerged in the last several years, such as Ultrawave and Ultraclave systems. New challenges in the fields of geology, environmental and biological studies -for example, the need for further determination of rare earth elements and halogens - are currently only covered in scientific journals and not in a comprehensive way. This book offers a summary of the state-of-the-art ways to meet these challenges with microwave-assisted sample preparation. The only book to cover in depth the principles, equipment, and applications of microwave-assisted sample preparation Written by experts in the field who provide a comprehensive overview of the important concepts Introduces the latest devices and systems used for in microwave-assisted techniques, including Ultrawave and Ultraclave systems
Download or read book Duty and Desire Book Club Edition written by Anju Gattani and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To uphold family honor and tradition, Sheetal Prasad is forced to forsake the man she loves and marry playboy millionaire Rakesh Dhanraj while the citizens of Raigun, India, watch in envy. On her wedding night, however, Sheetal quickly learns that the stranger she married is as cold as the marble floors of the Dhanraj mansion. Forced to smile at family members and cameras and pretend there's nothing wrong with her marriage, Sheetal begins to discover that the family she married into harbors secrets, lies and deceptions powerful enough to tear apart her world. With no one to rely on and no escape, Sheetal must ally with her husband in an attempt to protect her infant son from the tyranny of his family.sion.
Download or read book Heat Loss Calculations written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Yvain written by Chretien de Troyes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1987-09-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A twelfth-century poem by the creator of the Arthurian romance describes the courageous exploits and triumphs of a brave lord who tries to win back his deserted wife's love
Download or read book Charles Pettigrew First Bishop elect of the North Carolina Episcopal Church written by Bennett H Wall and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Agatha H and the Siege of Mechanicsburg written by Phil Foglio and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time when the Industrial Revolution has become an all-out war, mad science rules the world—with mixed success. In Agatha H and the Siege of Mechanicsburg, Agatha Heterodyne, the last of the Heterodyne family, has returned to her family’s hereditary town with the might of the Wulfenbach Empire hot on her heels. The only thing holding off an outright attack is Gilgamesh Wulfenbach, the heir to the Empire, who has joined Agatha and her friends inside the great artificially intelligent fortress of Castle Heterodyne. Now they must race to repair the mechanisms that once allowed the Castle to defend Mechanicsburg, before the rest of Europa shows up to take all the revenge the mad Heterodynes of the past so richly earned. From the Hugo Award–winning Girl Genius online comics comes this fourth book in the Agatha H. series, and like the previous three books, it will engage you in a unique world of adventure, romance, and mad science!
