Download or read book Evaluation of Modeling to Study Water Temperatures in the Burnt River Oregon written by James D. Fine and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperature Modeling Study of Lower McKenzie River Oregon written by EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical Modeling of Historical Daily Water Temperatures in the Lower Columbia River written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water temperature affects numerous aspects of aquatic life, and its stability is critical to cold water fish such as salmonids. With rising anthropogenic influence in natural environments, the future existence of these organisms is becoming less certain. In this study, I examined the evolution of historical water temperatures in the lower Columbia River by creating a statistical model to estimate daily historical water temperatures between the 1850s and 2010s. Daily air temperature and river flow measurements were used as inputs to the model, which estimated daily water temperatures at Bonneville Dam. The model used time lags between air temperature and water temperature to determine how the river's "memory," or capacitance, has changed over time. Since the 1850s, there has been an increase of 2.2 ± 0.2°C in mean annual water temperature in the lower Columbia River. The largest seasonal rate of increase of about 2.2 ± 0.2°C/century occurs in the fall and early winter while the smallest seasonal increase rate of about 0.04 ± 0.2°C/century occurs in the spring. Furthermore, I sought to identify and quantify the causes of these long-term changes by distinguishing what fraction of the water temperature changes were due to climate effects and how much of the changes were due to the reservoir system and irrigation withdrawals. I found the hydropower and reservoir system has contributed approximately twice as much as climate change to warming river temperatures. While these are simplified approximations of attribution, they have important implications for conservation management.
Download or read book Modeling Hydrodynamics Water Temperature and Water Quality in the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam Oregon 2006 09 written by Annett B. Sullivan and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hydrodynamic, water temperature, and water-quality model was constructed for a 20-mile reach of the Klamath River downstream of Upper Klamath Lake, from Link River to Keno Dam, for calendar years 2006–09. The two-dimensional, laterally averaged model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved and suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, dissolved and particulate organic matter, and three algal groups. The Link–Keno model successfully simulated the most important spatial and temporal patterns in the measured data for this 4-year time period. The model calibration process provided critical insights into water-quality processes and the nature of those inputs and processes that drive water quality in this reach. The model was used not only to reproduce and better understand water-quality conditions that occurred in 2006–09, but also to test several load- reduction scenarios that have implications for future water- resources management in the river basin.
Download or read book Development of a HEC RAS Temperature Model for the North Santiam River Northwestern Oregon written by Adam Stonewall and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional, unsteady streamflow and temperature model (HEC-RAS) of the North Santiam and Santiam Rivers was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to be used in conjunction with previously developed two-dimensional hydrodynamic water-quality models (CE-QUAL-W2) of Detroit and Big Cliff Lakes upstream of the study area. In conjunction with the output from the previously developed models, the HEC-RAS model can simulate streamflows and temperatures within acceptable limits (mean error [bias] near zero; typical streamflow errors less than 5 percent; typical water temperature errors less than 1.0 °C) for the length of the North Santiam River downstream of Big Cliff Dam under a series of potential future conditions in which dam structures and/or dam operations are modified to improve temperature conditions for threatened and endangered fish. Although a two-dimensional (longitudinal, vertical) CE-QUAL-W2 model for the North Santiam and Santiam Rivers downstream of Big Cliff Dam exists, that model proved unstable under highly variable flow conditions. The one-dimensional HEC-RAS model documented in this report can better simulate cross-sectional-averaged stream temperatures under a wide range of flow conditions. The model was calibrated using 2011 streamflow and temperature data. Measured data were used as boundary conditions when possible, although several lateral inflows and their associated water temperatures, including the South Santiam River, were estimated using statistical models. Streamflow results showed high accuracy during low-flow periods, but predictions were biased low during large storm events when unmodeled ephemeral tributaries contributed to the actual streamflow. Temperature results showed low annual bias against measured data at two locations on the North Santiam River and one location on the Santiam River. Mean absolute errors using 2011 hourly data ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 °C. Model results were checked against 2012 data and showed a positive bias at the Santiam River station (+0.6 C). Annual mean absolute errors using 2012 hourly data ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 °C. Much of the error in temperature predictions resulted from the models inability to accurately simulate the full range of diurnal fluctuations during the warmest months. Future iterations of the model could be improved by the collection and inclusion of additional streamflow and temperature data, especially near the mouth of the South Santiam River. Presently, the model is able to predict hourly and daily water temperatures under a wide variety of conditions with a typical error of 0.8 and 0.7 °C, respectively.
Download or read book Modeling Hydrodynamics Water Temperature and Water Quality in the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam Oregon 2006 09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A hydrodynamic, water temperature, and water-quality model was constructed for a 20-mile reach of the Klamath River downstream of Upper Klamath Lake, from Link River to Keno Dam, for calendar years 2006-09. The two-dimensional, laterally averaged model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved and suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, dissolved and particulate organic matter, and three algal groups. The Link-Keno model successfully simulated the most important spatial and temporal patterns in the measured data for this 4-year time period. The model calibration process provided critical insights into water-quality processes and the nature of those inputs and processes that drive water quality in this reach. The model was used not only to reproduce and better understand water-quality conditions that occurred in 2006-09, but also to test several load-reduction scenarios that have implications for future water-resources management in the river basin. The model construction and calibration process provided results concerning water quality and transport in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, ranging from interesting circulation patterns in the Lake Ewauna area to the nature and importance of organic matter and algae. These insights and results include: Modeled segment-average water velocities ranged from near 0.0 to 3.0 ft/s in 2006 through 2009. Travel time through the model reach was about 4 days at 2,000 ft3/s and 12 days at 700 ft3/s flow. Flow direction was aligned with the upstream-downstream channel axis for most of the Link-Keno reach, except for Lake Ewauna. Wind effects were pronounced at Lake Ewauna during low-flow conditions, often with circulation in the form of a gyre that rotated in a clockwise direction when winds were towards the southeast and in a counterclockwise direction when winds were towards the northwest. Water temperatures ranged from near freezing in winter to near 30 °C at some locations and periods in summer; seasonal water temperature patterns were similar at the inflow and outflow. Although vertical temperature stratification was not present at most times and locations, weak stratification could persist for periods up to 1-2 weeks, especially in the downstream parts of the reach. Thermal stratification was important in controlling vertical variations in water quality. The specific conductance, and thus density, of tributaries within the reach usually was higher than that of the river itself, so that inflows tended to sink below the river surface. This was especially notable for inflows from the Klamath Straits Drain, which tended to sink to the bottom of the Klamath River at its confluence and not mix vertically for several miles downstream. The model was able to capture most of the seasonal changes in the algal population by modeling that population with three algal groups: blue-green algae, diatoms, and other algae. The blooms of blue-green algae, consisting mostly of Aphanizomenon flos aquae that entered from Upper Klamath Lake, were dominant, dwarfing the populations of the other two algae groups in summer. A large part of the blue-green algae population that entered this reach from upstream tended to settle out, die, and decompose, especially in the upper part of the Link-Keno reach. Diatoms reached a maximum in spring and other algae in midsummer. Organic matter, occurring in both dissolved and particulate forms, was critical to the water quality of this reach of the Klamath River, and was strongly tied to nutrient and dissolved-oxygen dynamics. Dissolved and particulate organic matter were subdivided into labile (quickly decaying) and refractory (slowing decaying) groups for modeling purposes. The particulate matter in summer, consisting largely of dead blue-green algae, decayed quickly. Consequently, this particulate matter exerted a high oxygen demand over short periods and contributed strongly to low dissolved-oxygen conditions present during summer and fall. Particulate matter in winter and dissolved organic matter throughout the year was largely refractory (slow to decay). The slower decay rate of this refractory material translates to less oxygen demand over short periods, but also will manifest itself as higher oxygen demand downstream of Keno Dam. The decay and settling of algae and particulate organic matter in the upper part of the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River has important implications for nutrients. Decay releases nitrogen and phosphorus from particulate forms into dissolved forms such as ammonia, which had elevated concentrations in the downstream part of this reach in summer. Dissolved nutrients showed consistent seasonal patterns that were simulated well by the model. Ammonia concentrations were highest in midsummer and winter and lowest in spring. Nitrate concentrations were highest in winter and lowest in summer. Orthophosphorus concentrations were at their maximum in midsummer and lowest in winter. Comparing modeled hourly nutrient loads at the Link River inflow and the Keno Dam outflow, the Link-Keno reach and its tributaries were a source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus to downstream reaches in early spring and a sink in summer. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were near saturation in winter, but periods of supersaturation could occur in spring and early summer as oxygen was produced by algal photosynthesis. In mid- to late summer, oxygen sources were overwhelmed by oxygen sinks, especially the decay of organic matter in the water column and river bottom. Extensive anoxia occurred during this period. The sediment oxygen demand was dynamic and represented a relatively fast decomposition of materials deposited during that same year. The labile material was eventually exhausted and reaeration from the atmosphere allowed the system to slowly return towards oxygen saturation in fall. The model simulated the general temporal and spatial patterns in dissolved oxygen, although the inclusion of macrophytes and additional information on reaeration processes, organic matter, and algal dynamics could improve the simulation of dissolved oxygen. Calendar years 2007 and 2008 had more extensive datasets than 2006 and 2009. The models built with less extensive input data were still able to reproduce the patterns in the measured data reasonably well. These findings underline the importance of using results from the 2007 and 2008 detailed field data and experimental work to determine robust model rates, stoichiometry relations, and other parameters that can be applied successfully to years with less data and with different conditions. The 2006-09 models were applied to examine the effects of several reduced-loading scenarios consistent with total maximum daily load (TMDL) targets. The water quality of the Link River inflow was modified in one scenario so that it met the in-lake phosphorus targets of the Upper Klamath Lake TMDL. Point and nonpoint sources along the Klamath River were set to be in compliance with their Klamath River TMDL allocations in another scenario. Results from those scenarios indicated that dissolved-oxygen conditions improved the most when Link River loads were reduced; depending on year, average June through October dissolved-oxygen concentrations increased between 1.9 and 3.2 mg/L. Similarly, ammonia concentrations improved the most under this scenario, with an average June through October concentration decrease between 0.20 and 0.34 mg/L. Orthophosphorus concentrations were decreased significantly in both scenarios that reduced concentrations from Link River and scenarios that reduced concentrations from in-reach point and nonpoint sources, with June through October concentration decreases between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/L. The calibrated models are useful tools that reproduce the most important water-quality processes occurring in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River. These models are accurate enough to provide insights into the nature of those processes and the probable effects of proposed management and water-quality improvement strategies."--Executive summary.
Download or read book 106 2 Hearings Energy And Water Developement Appropriations For 2001 Part 3 April 4 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2001 Bureau of Reclamation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2001 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Soil and Water Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 25, no. 1 contains the society's Lincoln Chapter's Resource conservation glossary.
Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with vol. 9, only new and continuing but modified projects are listed. Vols. 8- should be kept as a record of continuing but unchanged projects.
Download or read book Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Annual Meeting written by Society for Range Management. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northwest Science written by Frederick De Forest Heald and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report written by Oregon. State Water Resources Board and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Agricultural Library Catalog written by National Agricultural Library (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Cumulative Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1970/76- include reports bibliography, and separate title, subject, corporate author, personal author, contract number, and accession/report number indexes.
