Download or read book 21st Century Complete Guide to Natural Gas Vehicles Covering Alternative Fuel Vehicles AFV Compressed Natural Gas CNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNG Technology Safety and Refueling Issues written by Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and up-to-date book provides a unique guide to natural gas vehicles, compiling ten official documents with details of every aspect of the issue: CNG and LNG designs, success stories, references, information on safety and refueling issues, and much more. Contents include: Part 1: UPS CNG Truck Fleet Final Results, Alternative Fuel Truck Evaluation Project * Part 2: Clean Cities 2010 Vehicle Buyer's Guide - Natural Gas, Propane, Hybrid Electric, Ethanol, Biodiesel * Part 3: Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities * Part 4: White Paper on Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities * Part 5: Natural Gas Passenger Vehicles: Availability, Cost, and Performance * Part 6: Clean Alternative Fuels: Compressed Natural Gas * Part 7: Clean Alternative Fuels: Liquefied Natural Gas * Part 8: EPA Case Study: Tests Demonstrate Safety of Natural-Gas Vehicles for King County Police * Part 9: Resource Guide for Heavy-Duty LNG Vehicles, Infrastructure, and Support Operations * Part 10: Senate Hearing - Usage of Natural Gas - To Assess the Opportunities For, Current Level of Investment In, and Barriers to the Expanded Usage of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Transportation (2012) While natural gas is often used as the energy source for residential, commercial, and industrial processes, engines designed to run on gasoline or diesel can also be modified to operate on natural gas - a clean burning fuel. Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) can be dedicated to natural gas as a fuel source, or they can be bi-fuel, running on either natural gas or gasoline, or natural gas or diesel, although most natural gas engines are spark ignited. Natural gas engine technologies can differ in the following ways: the method used to ignite the fuel in the cylinders, the air-fuel ratio, the compression ratio, and the resulting performance and emissions capabilities. Natural gas has a high octane rating, which in spark ignition engines (usual for CNG) allows an increase in power. However, natural gas occupies a larger volume in the cylinder than liquid fuels, reducing the number of oxygen molecules (share of air in the cylinder), which reduces power. The net effect on natural gas power vs. gasoline is relatively neutral. However, since it is a gaseous fuel at atmospheric pressure and occupies a considerably larger storage volume per unit of energy than refined petroleum liquids, it is stored on-board the vehicle in either a compressed gaseous or liquefied state. The storage requirements are still much greater than for refined petroleum products. This increases vehicle weight, which tends to reduce fuel economy. To become compressed natural gas (CNG), it is pressurized in a tank at up to 3,600 pounds per square inch. Typically, in sedans, the tank is mounted in the trunk or replaces the existing fuel tank; on trucks, the tank is mounted on the frame; and on buses, it is mounted on top of the roof. Although tanks can be made completely from metal, they are typically composed of metal liners reinforced by a wrap of composite fiber material with pressure-relief devices designed to withstand impact. Tanks do increase the vehicle weight, and with the lower energy density of natural gas, vehicle ranges are generally reduced. To become liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas is cooled to -260 °F and filtered to remove impurities. LNG is stored in double-wall, vacuum-insulated pressure tanks and is primarily used on heavy-duty trucks, providing increased range over CNG. NGVs and their respective fueling systems must meet stringent industry and government standards for compression, storage, and fueling. They are designed to perform safely during both normal operations and crash situations. Nozzles and vehicle receptacles are designed to keep fuel from escaping.

Download or read book Evaluation of Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fueling Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NFPA 52 written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Facts about CNG LPG Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies written by Azman Ismail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents various state-of-the-art applications for the development of new materials and technologies, discussing computer-based engineering tools that are widely used in simulations, evaluation of data and design processes. For example, modern joining technologies can be used to fabricate new compound or composite materials, even those composed of dissimilar materials. Such materials are often exposed to harsh environments and must possess specific properties. Technologies in this context are mainly related to the transportation technologies in their wider sense, i.e. automotive and marine technologies, including ships, amphibious vehicles, docks, offshore structures, and robots. This book highlights the importance the finite element and finite volume methods that are typically used in the context of engineering simulations.

Download or read book Guidebook for Evaluating Selecting and Implementing Fuel Choices for Transit Bus Operations written by ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Inc and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1998 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technology and Market Assessment of Gas fueled Vehicles in New York State Technology and economic assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Road Vehicles Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fuel System Components Performance and General Test Methods written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1912-05-31 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas supply, Natural gas, Vehicles, Compressed gases, Pipe fittings, Filters, Automotive fuels, Pressure control, Gas valves

Download or read book Transportation Energy Data Book written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of Knowledge of Environmental Concerns Related to Natural Gas fueled Vehicles written by Margaret K. Singh and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clean Air Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Flexible and Alternative Fuel Use in the U S Transportation Sector The international experience written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Road Vehicles Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fuel System Components Pressure Relief Valve PRV written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1915-12-31 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road vehicles, Gas-powered devices, Natural gas, Compressed gases, Road vehicle components, Filling devices, Flow nozzles, Pipe connections, Pipe couplings, Safety devices, Caps (closures), Engine fuel systems, Vehicle fuel tanks, Test methods

Download or read book Automotive Spark Ignited Direct Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Download or read book Guidebook for Evaluating Fuel Choices for Post 2010 Transit Bus Procurements written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 146: Guidebook for Evaluating Fuel Choices for Post-2010 Transit Bus Procurements is designed to help those considering the deployment of, or conversion to, alternative fuel buses.

Download or read book Road Vehicles Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fuel System Components Gas air Mixer written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1915-12-31 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road vehicles, Gas-powered devices, Natural gas, Compressed gases, Road vehicle components, Filling devices, Flow nozzles, Pipe connections, Pipe couplings, Safety devices, Caps (closures), Engine fuel systems, Vehicle fuel tanks, Test methods

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.