Download or read book European Russian Energy Relations from Dependence to Interdependence written by Karina Galytska and published by Firenze University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the exploitation of international reservoirs, natural energy sources have become rare, disputed among States and therefore strategic. The reliance on these resources is linked to energy security and dependence in both terms of energy imports or exports. Furthermore, the access and reallocation of energy flows entail an alteration of the balance of power among States as well as the raise of national energy security strategies and debates. The aim of this volume is to analyze the evolution of energy relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation from a state of pure Dependence to the establishment of a balanced Interdependence, underling also the challenges facing the EU in terms of dependence and diversifications in the framework or the EU-Russian energy cooperation.
Download or read book Energy Security of the European Union and Russia A relationship of interdependence written by Lea Sarah Kulick and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 9 out of 10, Maastricht University (Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences), course: Module D - Traid and Aid - European Studies, Specialisation in International Politics of the European Union, language: English, abstract: Energy security is a topic with growing importance on the global political agendas. Within the European Union (EU) the consideration of supply security is of particular significance as the member states depend on outside sources, meaning principally oil and gas, to satisfy their need of energy. The EU-27 was dependent on oil imports on 82.6% and on gas imports on 60.3% in 2007. Own resources are not sufficient and in the present days the EU merely covers 46.9% of the energy consumption by its own means. When the current trends proceed the EU will be dependent on 90% for oil, 70% for gas and 100% for coal in years 2030-40. Therefore, the role of producer countries becomes increasingly important, especially regarding Russia as it is the biggest importer to the EU in crude oil, gas and hard coal. The supply dependence on Russia could have severe consequences for the EU as gas disruptions leading to supply crises in several member states like in 2006 and 2009 had already shown. But also the Russian Federation is dependent because the EU is one of the most important consumers of its gas and oil exports. Russia’s economy is reliant on oil and gas production; in 2007 the energy sector generated about 64% of its exports revenues. Accordingly, Russia also has to deal with the problem of energy security, but in the perspective that it aims at securing demand and the purchase of its gas and oil resources, especially by the EU. As both parties depend on each other in their energy security there is a case of interdependence in the EU-Russian energy relationship. When examining this relation of interdependence it is interesting not just to regard the present state of affairs but also the trends and future development and how the EU and Russia deal with that. For the analysis the notions of sensitivity and vulnerability are used. The guiding research question of this paper is therefore: What is the degree of sensitivity and vulnerability for the EU and Russia regarding their relation of interdependence in energy security? It is hypothesized that the Russian Federation is more vulnerable, especially on the subject of its political strategy. The concept of interdependence by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye provides the theoretical basis for this paper. In order to conclude this paper, the degrees of sensitivity and vulnerability of the actors are evaluated and the hypothesis is proven right or wrong.
Download or read book Interdependencies between the EU and the Russian Federation in the current and future gas relationship written by Joseph Ammer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Europäische Union, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The following term paper aims to assess the current state of interdependencies as well as future developments in the gas relations between the European Union and Russia. The theoretical approach therefor is framed by Keohane and Nye’s Theory of Interdependence. It is used to analyze (a) the prevailing gas supply situation of the European Union, (b) the significance of the European gas demand for the Russian Federation, (c) diversification opportunities for both parties and (d) the progress and effects of a common EU approach in gas negotiations with Russia. It becomes evident that the EU’s Energy security is very reliant on consistent gas supplies. Yet, Russia can only slightly exploit this sensitivity dependency as a source of geopolitical power vis-à-vis the EU, because its own economy depends on Europe’s investments and the revenue from gas exports to EU countries. The analysis of the diversification potentials reveals that the mutual dependence will remain strong in the near future. In the medium term the EU has to expand its range of suppliers by investing in LNG infrastructure and the Southern Corridor. In contrast, Russia tries to get hold of the Union’s diversification plans, as exemplified by the competition between the Turkish Stream and TANAP pipeline projects. A common European approach towards gas negotiations with Russia would mainly be beneficial for the bargaining position of the Union’s eastern members, which are highly sensitive to Russian gas deliveries. Russia currently takes advantage of this by negotiating favorable long term contracts. However, contradictory positions between East and West complicate the realization of a joint European negotiation process. Viable and useful transitional measures would include regional trade associations and a revision of the current information exchange mechanism, providing greater competencies for the European Commission to gain insight in Member states’ bilateral negotiations with Russia.
Download or read book The Future of Energy written by Carla Fernandes and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the main conclusions reached by the academic project "Geopolitics of Gas and the Future of the Euro-Russian Relations (Geo4GER)." This project is being developed at IPRI -- Portuguese Institute of International Relations, NOVA University, an academic research institute dedicated to advanced studies in Political Science and International Relations, of NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Energy security is a key issue on the international political agenda, a prerequisite for political stability and economic development and an indivisible part of a state's overall security. For Europe, the high-energy insufficiency is a major challenge, given its dependence on external sources, especially from Russia, the lack of diversification of energy sources, and the poor branch of its transmission network. For Russia, energy has been a geopolitical factor of power and a potential strategic vector to its re-emergence as a great power in the international system. However, in terms of energy, Russia also faces some long-term challenges, given the fall of its production and the low competitiveness of its gas, which is currently saved from the market where competition can hardly enter. Given this scenario, and also the increasingly important role in the political and strategic discussion of energy issues between Europe and Russia, it becomes relevant to diagnose the past and the present to forecast the medium and long term future (2030), taking into account the expected changes in the geopolitical and energetic environment, and the characteristics and dynamics of European-Russian relationship, including its energy interdependence and the energy policies and strategies outlined by Europe and Russia.
Download or read book EU Russia Energy Relations written by Lukáš Tichý and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the timely topic of energy security and international relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. Pursuing a constructivist-discursive approach, it empirically analyses a corpus of energy discourses involving policymakers and representatives of the EU and the Russian Federation. Exploring various discursive meanings assigned to the material and technical character of EU-Russian energy relations, the monograph underscores how the identities and interests of both parties are strongly affected by the norms and values which frame the individual energy discourses.
Download or read book Transnational Gas Markets and Euro Russian Energy Relations written by Andrei V. Belyi and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books analyses how transnational gas markets have evolved and impacted on EU-Russia energy relations. It examines how the political conflict surrounding Ukraine has accelerated a negative interdependence in the region, with energy interdependence increasingly used as an instrument of diplomacy.
Download or read book Red Gas written by P. Högselius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-28 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book applies a systems and risk perspective on international energy relations, author Per Högselius investigates how and why governments, businesses, engineers and other actors sought to promote – and oppose– the establishment of an extensive East-West natural gas regime that seemed to overthrow the fundamental logic of the Cold War.
Download or read book EU Russia Energy Relations written by Kim Talus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication comprises 15 contributions by leading academics, lawyers and policy specialists offering a deep analysis of the relationship between Russia and the EU in the energy sphere. The political aspects of the EU-Russia relations are discussed by some of the leading practitioners and academics in the field. With Russia being the single most important energy supplier for the European Union, the security of supply issue inevitably hinges to a large extent on the complex relationship between Brussels and the Kremlin. The events following the most recent disruption of gas supply from Ukraine in 2009 is evidence of the fragile political interrelation between the EU and Russia and it is not surprising that speculation about the future of Russian energy supplies to the EU keeps growing. The publication is divided into 3 sections with various chapters: Section I : Political Energy Relations Between EU and Russia; Section II: Legal Aspects of EU - Russia Energy Relations; Section III: Changing the Rules for the EU Natural Gas Markets - From State to Market and Plan to Contract.
Download or read book Controversial Issues in the EU Russia Energy Relations written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is based on the assumption that the main aspects that negatively influence the mutual energy relations and limit the energy cooperation can be defined as (1) the differences in the degree of interdependence in the energy relations between the EU and Russia, (2) the different interests and goals of the EU and the Russian energy policy, and (3) the divergent approaches of the EU and Russi. [...] Introduction The EU-Russia Energy Interdependence The Russian Energy Policy towards the EU The EU Energy Policy towards Russia The different approaches of the EU and Russia to their energy relationship Conclusion Introduction Energy security 1 is currently one of the most important and most disputed issues in the mutual relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. [...] On the other hand, the issue of sustainable and reliable supplies of oil and gas is a cause of the tensions between the European Union and the Russian Federation and contributes to the deterioration of their relations (Petrovic-Orttung-Wenger 2009, p. [...] According to Mikko Palonkorpi, in order to determine the supplier's dependence on exports of oil and natural gas, the following indicators have to be measured: the proportion of export revenues (oil and gas) to the GDP, the share of revenue from the export of energy raw materials in the state budget, and the share of the export revenue from oil and gas in the total export revenues. [...] On the other hand, the relative strength of the energy interdependence can be measured by such factors as the energy trade balance, the level of (domestic) energy resources, possibilities of energy-supply diversification and the specific total energy consumption in the country (the ratio of the raw material to the total primary energy consumption).
Download or read book Russian Energy Chains written by Margarita M. Balmaceda and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia’s use of its vast energy resources for leverage against post-Soviet states such as Ukraine is widely recognized as a threat. Yet we cannot understand this danger without also understanding the opportunity that Russian energy represents. From corruption-related profits to transportation-fee income to subsidized prices, many within these states have benefited by participating in Russian energy exports. To understand Russian energy power in the region, it is necessary to look at the entire value chain—including production, processing, transportation, and marketing—and at the full spectrum of domestic and external actors involved, from Gazprom to regional oligarchs to European Union regulators. This book follows Russia’s three largest fossil-fuel exports—natural gas, oil, and coal—from production in Siberia through transportation via Ukraine to final use in Germany in order to understand the tension between energy as threat and as opportunity. Margarita M. Balmaceda reveals how this dynamic has been a key driver of political development in post-Soviet states in the period between independence in 1991 and Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014. She analyzes how the physical characteristics of different types of energy, by shaping how they can be transported, distributed, and even stolen, affect how each is used—not only technically but also politically. Both a geopolitical travelogue of the journey of three fossil fuels across continents and an incisive analysis of technology’s role in fossil-fuel politics and economics, this book offers new ways of thinking about energy in Eurasia and beyond.
Download or read book Politics of Energy Dependency written by Margarita M. Balmaceda and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy has been an important element in Moscow’s quest to exert power and influence in its surrounding areas both before and after the collapse of the USSR. With their political independence in 1991, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania also became, virtually overnight, separate energy-poor entities heavily dependent on Russia. This increasingly costly dependency – and elites’ scrambling over associated profits – came to crucially affect not only relations with Russia, but the very nature of post-independence state building. The Politics of Energy Dependency explores why these states were unable to move towards energy diversification. Through extensive field research using previously untapped local-language sources, Margarita M. Balmaceda reveals a complex picture of local elites dealing with the complications of energy dependency and, in the process, affecting the energy security of Europe as a whole. A must-read for anyone interested in Eastern Europe, Russia, and the politics of natural resources, this book reveals the insights gained by looking at post-Soviet development and international relations issues not only from a Moscow-centered perspective, but from that of individual actors in other states.
Download or read book EU Russia Energy Diplomacy written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics written by Kathleen J. Hancock and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In many ways, everything we once knew about energy resources and technologies has been impacted by: the longstanding scientific consensus on climate change and related support for renewable energy; the affordability of extraction of unconventional fuels; increasing demand for energy resources by middle- and low-income nations; new regional and global stakeholders; fossil fuel discoveries and emerging renewable technologies; awareness of (trans)local politics; and rising interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the need for energy justice. Research on these and related topics now appears frequently in social science academic journals-in broad-based journals, such as International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and Review of International Political Economy, as well as those focused specifically on energy (e.g., Energy Research & Social Science and Energy Policy), the environment (Global Environmental Politics), natural resources (Resources Policy), and extractive industries (Extractive Industries and Society). The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics synthesizes and aggregates this substantively diverse literature to provide insights into, and a foundation for teaching and research on, critical energy issues primarily in the areas of international relations and comparative politics. Its primary goals are to further develop the energy politics scholarship and community, and generate sophisticated new work that will benefit a variety of scholars working on energy issues"--
Download or read book Handbook of Energy Governance in Europe written by Michèle Knodt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-21 with total page 1333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides the most comprehensive account of energy governance in Europe, examining both energy governance at the European level and the development of energy policy in 30 European countries. Authored by leading scholars, the first part of the book offers a broad overview of the topics of energy research, including theories of energy transitions, strategies and norms of energy policy, governance instruments in the field, and challenges of energy governance. In the second part, it examines the internal and external dimensions of energy governance in the European Union. The third part presents in-depth country studies, which investigate national trajectories of energy policy, including an analysis of the policy instruments and coordination mechanisms for energy transitions. It closes with a comparative analysis of national energy governance. This book is a definitive resource for scholars in energy and climate research as well as decision makers in national governments and EU institutions.
Download or read book Cold War Energy written by Jeronim Perović and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War. Based on hitherto little known documents from Western and Eastern European archives, it combines the story of Soviet oil and gas with general Cold War history. This volume breaks new ground by framing Soviet energy in a multi-national context, taking into account not only the view from Moscow, but also the perspectives of communist Eastern Europe, the US, NATO, as well as several Western European countries – namely Italy, France, and West Germany. This book challenges some of the long-standing assumptions of East-West bloc relations, as well as shedding new light on relations within the blocs regarding the issue of energy. By bringing together a range of junior and senior historians and specialists from Europe, Russia and the US, this book represents a pioneering endeavour to approach the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War in transnational perspective.
Download or read book Eurasian Energy Security written by Jeffrey Mankoff and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2009 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Council Special Report explores the challenges faced by consumer and supplier alike in Europe and Eurasia. It looks at Russia's rise as an energy power, analyzing its control of supplies and delivery systems and its investments in energy infrastructure across Europe, as well as questions about the potential of its production. The report also examines Europe's difficulties in forging a common policy on energy supply and recommends a two-pronged strategy of integration and diversification. It urges Europe to integrate both internally -- developing a single EU gas market -- and externally -- tying Russia's energy sector to Europe and its more transparent regulations. It also recommends that Europe seek new sources of energy from both non-Russian suppliers and non-fossil fuels.
Download or read book Global Energy Governance written by Andreas Goldthau and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Global Public Policy Institute publication The global market for oil and gas resources is rapidly changing. Three major trends—the rise of new consumers, the increasing influence of state players, and concerns about climate change—are combining to challenge existing regulatory structures, many of which have been in place for a half-century. Global Energy Governance analyzes the energy market from an institutionalist perspective and offers practical policy recommendations to deal with these new challenges. Much of the existing discourse on energy governance deals with hard security issues but neglects the challenges to global governance. Global Energy Governance fills this gap with perspectives on how regulatory institutions can ensure reliable sources of energy, evaluate financial risk, and provide emergency response mechanisms to deal with interruptions in supply. The authors bring together decisionmakers from industry, government, and civil society in order to address two central questions: •What are the current practices of existing institutions governing global oil and gas on financial markets? •How do these institutions need to adapt in order to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century? The resulting governance-oriented analysis of the three interlocking trends also provides the basis for policy recommendations to improve global regulation. Contributors include Thorsten Benner, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; William Blyth, Chatham House, Royal Institute for International Affairs, London; Albert Bressand, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University; Dick de Jong, Clingendael International Energy Programme; Ralf Dickel, Energy Charter Secretariat; Andreas Goldthau, Central European University, Budapest, and Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; Enno Harks, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; Wade Hoxtell, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; Hillard Huntington, Energy Modeling Forum, Stanford University; Christine Jojarth, Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, Stanford University; Frederic Kalinke, Department of Politics and International Relations, Oxford University; Wilfrid L. Kohl, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Jamie Manzer, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; Amy Myers Jaffe, James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University; Yulia Selivanova, Energy Charter Secretariat; Tom Smeenk, Clingendael International Energy Programme; Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Department of Politics and International Relations, Oxford University; Ronald Soligo, Rice University; Joseph A. Stanislaw, Deloitte LLP and The JAStanislaw Group, LLC; Coby van der Linde, Clingendael International Energy Programme; Jan Martin Witte, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin; Simonetta Zarrilli, Division on International Trade and Commodities, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
