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Book Estimating Long term Surface Hydrological Components by Coupling Remote Sensing Observation with Surface Flux Model

Download or read book Estimating Long term Surface Hydrological Components by Coupling Remote Sensing Observation with Surface Flux Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model framework for parameterized subgrid-scale surface fluxes (PASS) has been applied to use satellite data, models, and routine surface observations to infer root-zone available moisture content and evapotranspiration rate with moderate spatial resolution within Walnut River Watershed in Kansas. Biweekly composite normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) data are derived from observations by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Local surface observations provide data on downwelling solar irradiance, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Surface parameters including roughness length, albedo, surface water conductance, and the ratio of soil heat flux to net radiation are estimated; pixel-specific near-surface meteorological conditions such as air temperature, vapor pressure, and wind speed are adjusted according to local surface forcing. The PASS modeling system makes effective use of satellite data and can be run for large areas for which flux data do not exist and surface meteorological data are available from only a limited number of ground stations. The long-term surface hydrological budget is evaluated using radar-derived precipitation estimates, surface meteorological observations, and satellite data. The modeled hydrological components in the Walnut River Watershed compare well with stream gauge data and observed surface fluxes during 1999.

Book Upscaling of Land Surface Parameters Through Inverse SVAT Modeling

Download or read book Upscaling of Land Surface Parameters Through Inverse SVAT Modeling written by Joseph D. Intsiful and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Estimating Spatially Distributed Surface Fluxes from Satellite Data In situ Measurements and the Cupid Model Using GIS

Download or read book Estimating Spatially Distributed Surface Fluxes from Satellite Data In situ Measurements and the Cupid Model Using GIS written by Murty G. Divakarla and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book How Well Can Regional Fluxes Be Derived from Smaller Scale Estimates

Download or read book How Well Can Regional Fluxes Be Derived from Smaller Scale Estimates written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional surface fluxes are essential lower boundary conditions for large scale numerical weather and climate models and are the elements of global budgets of important trace gases. Surface properties affecting the exchange of heat, moisture, momentum and trace gases vary with length scales from one meter to hundreds of km. A classical difficulty is that fluxes have been measured directly only at points or along lines. The process of scaling up observations limited in space and/or time to represent larger areas was done by assigning properties to surface classes and combining estimated or calculated fluxes using an area weighted average. It is not clear that a simple area weighted average is sufficient to produce the large scale from the small scale, chiefly due to the effect of internal boundary layers, nor is it known how important the uncertainty is to large scale model outcomes. Simultaneous aircraft and tower data obtained in the relatively simple terrain of the western Alaska tundra were used to determine the extent to which surface type variation can be related to fluxes of heat, moisture, and other properties. Surface type was classified as lake or land with aircraft borne infrared thermometer, and flight level heat and moisture fluxes were related to surface type. The magnitude and variety of sampling errors inherent in eddy correlation flux estimation place limits on how well any flux can be known even in simple geometries. Moore, Kathleen E. and Fitzjarrald, David R. and Ritter, John A. Unspecified Center NCC1-135...

Book Multi sensor Large Scale Land Surface Data Assimilation Using Ensemble Approaches

Download or read book Multi sensor Large Scale Land Surface Data Assimilation Using Ensemble Approaches written by Yuhua Zhou (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The most promising option is to develop a generalized method that reflects structural changes in the ensemble. A highly efficient ensemble multiscale filter (EnMSF) is then proposed to solve large scale nonlinear estimation problems with arbitrary uncertainties. At each prediction step realizations of the state variables are propagated. At update times, joint Gaussian distribution of states and measurements are assumed and the Predictive Efficiency method is used to identify a multiscale tree to approximate statistics of the propagated ensemble. Then a two-sweep update is performed to estimate the state variables using all the data. By controlling the tree parameters, the EnMSF can reduce sampling error while keep long range correlation in the ensemble. Applications of the EnMSF to Navier-Stokes equation and a nonlinear diffusion problem are demonstrated. Finally, the EnMSF is successfully applied to soil moisture and surface fluxes estimation over the Great Plains using synthetic multiresolution L-band passive and active microwave soil moisture measurements following HYDROS specifications.

Book Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling Synergies and Limitations

Download or read book Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling Synergies and Limitations written by Martin Beniston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 2 Michel M. VERSTRAETE and Martin BENISTON 1 Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 2 Department of Geography, University of Fribourg, Switzerland This volume contains the proceedings ofthe workshop entitled “Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations” that took place in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, September 20–24, 1999. This international scientific conference aimed at addressing the current and pot- tial role of satellite remote sensing in climate modeling, with a particular focus on land surface processes and atmospheric aerosol characterization. Global and regional circulation models incorporate our knowledge ofthe dynamics ofthe Earth's atmosphere. They are used to predict the evolution of the weather and climate. Mathematically, this system is represented by a set ofpartial differential equations whose solution requires initial and bo- dary conditions. Limitations in the accuracy and geographical distribution of these constraints, and intrinsic mathematical sensitivity to these conditions do not allow the identification of a unique solution (prediction). Additional observations on the climate system are thus used to constrain the forecasts of the mathematical model to remain close to the observed state ofthe system.

Book Spatial Aggregation of Land Surface Characteristics

Download or read book Spatial Aggregation of Land Surface Characteristics written by Hendrik Pelgrum and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Environmental Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data

Download or read book Environmental Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Jerrold W. Christenson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Methodology for the Assessment of Surface Resistance and Soil Water Storage Variability at Mesoscale Based on Remote Sensing Measurements

Download or read book A Methodology for the Assessment of Surface Resistance and Soil Water Storage Variability at Mesoscale Based on Remote Sensing Measurements written by W. G. M. Bastiaanssen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space Atmospheric Correction

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space Atmospheric Correction written by Kirill Y. Kondratyev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph being proposed for the English-speaking research community is concentrated on the atmospheric correction of satellite images as a part of thematic interpretation procedures while processing remote sensing data. For linguistic reasons a large section of the community may have been unaware of the progress made in Russia in this field of science and technology. Meanwhile, Russia was the first country to launch the first artificial satellite in 1957 and to obtain from space for the first time spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in the 1960's. New applications of the radiation transfer theory for the atmosphere underlying surface system appeared first in Russia in the 1970's. Direct and in verse problems of the atmospheric optics were then formulated giving the scientific basis for studies of natural resources from space. Since that time new mathematical treatments for the atmospheric correction procedures have been widely developed in Russia, including both analytical and numerical tech niques to simulate spectral, angular, and spatial distributions of the outgoing radiation in visual and infrared regions. The authors of the book were at the beginning of the scientific approach. A wide range of mathematical im provements to elaborate polinomial approximations for dependencies between atmospheric radiation field and parameters of space surveying was due to the necessity to process satellite images in real time using special software of ex isted computer means for the studies.