Download or read book Essentials of Grammatical Theory Volume 2 written by Rubie Dunlap and published by Murphy & Moore Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grammar of a natural language is a group of structural constraints on the speaker's or writer's construction of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such restraints, a field that includes domains such as phonology, morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics and pragmatics. Theoretical linguistics has developed grammatical structures that seek to give an accurate scientific theory of the syntactic rules of grammar and their function. Functional grammar, dependency grammar and Montague grammar are some examples of such frameworks. Other frameworks, such as generative grammar, cognitive grammar and stochastic grammar, are based on an inherent universal grammar, where the object is placed into the verb phrase. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the essentials of grammatical theory. It provides comprehensive insights into this field. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.
Download or read book Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 2 written by R. M. W. Dixon and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2010 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon provides a comprehensive guide to the nature of human languages and their description and analysis. The books are a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students, the triumphant outcome of a lifetime's immersion in every aspect of language, and a lasting monument to innovative scholarship.
Download or read book Essentials of Grammatical Theory written by D. J. Allerton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book, first published in 1979, is to provide a sound basic introduction to the study of grammar within linguistics. The work concentrates primarily on the core of grammatical theory rather than a single narrow theoretical viewpoint. After introductory chapters on the study of language and language as a semiotic system, the precise tasks of grammatical theory are clearly outlined. The aims and problems of generative grammar are then described, and the importance of grammatical analysis is highlighted. The central part of the book is devoted to the fundamental questions of syntactic theory and a detailed study of morphology. Finally, the author surveys the problems of grammar beyond the sentence. This title will be of interest to students of linguistics.
Download or read book Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 3 written by R. M. W. Dixon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: R.M.W. Dixon provides a comprehensive guide to the nature of human languages and their description and analysis. The books are a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students, the outcome of a lifetime's immersion in every aspect of language.
Download or read book Essentials of Grammatical Theory written by D. J. Allerton and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balance between language-specific and language-universal -- distinction of synchronic and diachronic -- language as a structure -- language as a tool with different functions. -- Questions for study -- Further reading -- 2 Language as a semiotic system -- Some basic notions: sign, signal, symbol -- type and token -- code and message -- signal, noise and redundancy. -- Language-independent semiotic systems: traffic lights, cricket umpire's signals, etc. -- logical, mathematical and musical symbols -- paralanguage
Download or read book The Routledge Linguistics Encyclopedia written by Kirsten Malmkjaer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An encyclopedia covering the major and subsidiary areas of linguistics and applied linguistics. It includes the seventy nine entries providing coverage of the topics and sub-topics of the field. It is suitable for specialists and non-specialists alike.
Download or read book Grammatical Theory and Bilingual Codeswitching written by Jeff MacSwan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part III: Codeswitching and the LF Interface -- 9 The Semantic Interpretation and Syntactic Distribution of Determiner Phrases in Spanish-English Codeswitching -- 10 Codeswitching and the Syntax-Semantics Interface -- Part IV: Codeswitching and Language Processing -- 11 A Minimalist Parsing Model for Codeswitching -- 12 Language Dominance and Codeswitching Asymmetries -- Contributors -- Index
Download or read book The Linguistics Encyclopedia written by Kirsten Malmkjær and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised and updated volume offers comprehensive coverage of the major and subsiduary fields of linguistic study.
Download or read book Language Acquisition written by Susan Foster-Cohen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a snapshot of the field of language acquisition at the beginning of the 21st Century. It represents the multiplicity of approaches that characterize the field and provides a review of current topics and debates, as well as addressing some of the connections between sub-fields and possible future directions for research.
Download or read book Essential German Grammar written by Martin Durrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential German Grammar is a student-friendly grammar and workbook designed to give learners a firm foundation on which to build a real understanding of both spoken and written German. The reference grammar section offers clear explanations of key grammar points while a separate exercise section gives students the opportunity to test themselves and put into practice what they have learned. This new edition has been revised and updated throughout. Explanations, tables and exercises have been improved and a number of the authentic texts and illustrations have been replaced by new material. Key features of this second edition include: User-friendly layout with updated 2 colour design, engaging illustrations and visually appealing tables throughout to aid the learning process Clear and accessible explanations with memorable examples informed by the latest research on the German language and presented in accordance with current teaching methodology Helpful parallels between English and German provided where relevant End-of-chapter extracts taken from contemporary journalistic or authentic literary sources, illustrating grammar in context, with model translations provided at the back of the book Material to enable better strategic learning and understanding, including a Why Grammar?—FAQ section, a glossary of grammatical terms in both English and German and a complete answer key to exercises Created especially for the new edition, a companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/kaiser offering a wealth of additional materials, including interactive exercises, quizzes and flashcards to test student understanding, downloadable PDF sheets for classroom use, PowerPoint slides for instructors and audio recordings illustrating the sounds of spoken German. Written by highly experienced lecturers in the field, Essential German Grammar is an invaluable resource for intermediate and advanced students of German (CEFR levels A2 to B2, ACTFL Novice High to Intermediate High). It is designed to function equally as a free-standing grammar or as a foundation grammar for Hammer’s German Grammar and Usage and is suitable for both classroom use and self-study.
Download or read book The Formal Complexity of Natural Language written by W.J. Savitch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since Chomsky laid the framework for a mathematically formal theory of syntax, two classes of formal models have held wide appeal. The finite state model offered simplicity. At the opposite extreme numerous very powerful models, most notable transformational grammar, offered generality. As soon as this mathematical framework was laid, devastating arguments were given by Chomsky and others indicating that the finite state model was woefully inadequate for the syntax of natural language. In response, the completely general transformational grammar model was advanced as a suitable vehicle for capturing the description of natural language syntax. While transformational grammar seems likely to be adequate to the task, many researchers have advanced the argument that it is "too adequate. " A now classic result of Peters and Ritchie shows that the model of transformational grammar given in Chomsky's Aspects [IJ is powerful indeed. So powerful as to allow it to describe any recursively enumerable set. In other words it can describe the syntax of any language that is describable by any algorithmic process whatsoever. This situation led many researchers to reasses the claim that natural languages are included in the class of transformational grammar languages. The conclu sion that many reached is that the claim is void of content, since, in their view, it says little more than that natural language syntax is doable algo rithmically and, in the framework of modern linguistics, psychology or neuroscience, that is axiomatic.
Download or read book Formal Grammars in Linguistics and Psycholinguistics written by Willem J.M. Levelt and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost four decades have passed since Formal Grammars first appeared in 1974. At that time it was still possible to rather comprehensively review for (psycho)linguists the relevant literature on the theory of formal languages and automata, on their applications in linguistic theory and in the psychology of language. That is no longer feasible. In all three areas developments have been substantial, if not breathtaking. Nowadays, an interested linguist or psycholinguist opening any text on formal languages can no longer see the wood for the trees, as it is by no means evident which formal, mathematical tools are really required for natural language applications. An historical perspective can be helpful here. There are paths through the wood that have been beaten since decades; they can still provide useful orientation. The origins of these paths can be traced in the three volumes of Formal Grammars, brought together in the present re-edition. In a newly added postscript the author has sketched what has become, after all these years, of formal grammars in linguistics and psycholinguistics, or at least some of the core developments. This chapter may provide further motivation for the reader to make a trip back to some of the historical sources.
Download or read book Essentials of English Grammar written by D. Terence Langendoen and published by Holt McDougal. This book was released on 1970 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Functional Discourse Grammar Theory of Grammaticalization written by Riccardo Giomi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-02-13 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on typological arguments, the volume challenges the widespread assumption that morphosyntactic and phonological change are fundamental aspects of grammaticalization and replaces it by a definition of grammaticalization as an essentially functional (semantic and pragmatic) process of language change.
Download or read book Aspects of the Theory of Syntax written by Noam Chomsky and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1969-03-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chomsky proposes a reformulation of the theory of transformational generative grammar that takes recent developments in the descriptive analysis of particular languages into account. Beginning in the mid-fifties and emanating largely form MIT, an approach was developed to linguistic theory and to the study of the structure of particular languages that diverges in many respects from modern linguistics. Although this approach is connected to the traditional study of languages, it differs enough in its specific conclusions about the structure and in its specific conclusions about the structure of language to warrant a name, "generative grammar." Various deficiencies have been discovered in the first attempts to formulate a theory of transformational generative grammar and in the descriptive analysis of particular languages that motivated these formulations. At the same time, it has become apparent that these formulations can be extended and deepened.The major purpose of this book is to review these developments and to propose a reformulation of the theory of transformational generative grammar that takes them into account. The emphasis in this study is syntax; semantic and phonological aspects of the language structure are discussed only insofar as they bear on syntactic theory.
Download or read book Essential Japanese Grammar written by E. F. Bleiler and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although not a member of the Indo-European language family, Japanese is not too difficult grammatically for an English speaker. It is astonishingly regular in its formations — exceptions and irregularities can usually be numbered on one's fingers — and once the student masters a few conventions of linguistic classifications of experience, he will find that he can express most of his wants. This is the first Japanese grammar written for the adult with a limited objective in studying Japanese: to express oneself orally with reasonable accuracy; to understand simple material addressed to oneself; and to be able to analyze, understand, and enlarge material in a phrase approach. The author has limited this book to modern colloquial Japanese, and does not overburden the student with literary language, rarely used alternate forms, unnecessary abrupt forms, causatives and direct conditionals, and similar forms that might be required for a full knowledge of the written language. On the other hand, this book is not simplified Japanese, nor baby Japanese, nor kitchen Japanese. It is the full idiomatic language, with thorough treatments of the material you really need: the noun, pronoun, adjective, demonstrative words, adverb, verb, negative forms, Chinese forms, courtesy and honorific forms, idiomatic constructions, word order, relationship of ideas, syntax, etc. Emphasis has been placed upon clarity of exposition, so that the English-speaking reader can understand what is really happening in Japanese, even if he has never studied any foreign language before. For this reason, explanation rather than brute memory work is stressed, examples are given for all constructions, and both word-for-word and free translations are given, to acquaint the reader with thought processes. Hints are given on avoiding difficult constructions. Japanese is presented in the Romaji transliteration, which can be read at sight. Characters are not used.
Download or read book A Dependency Grammar of English written by Timothy Osborne and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependency grammar (DG) is an approach to the syntax of natural languages with a long and venerable tradition, yet awareness of its potential to serve as a basis for principled analyses of natural language syntax is minimal due to the predominance of phrase structure grammar (PSG). This book presents a DG of English with two main goals in mind. The first is to make the principles of dependency syntax accessible to a general audience so that the novice linguist as well as the seasoned syntactician becomes fully aware of what makes DG unique as an approach to the study of natural language syntax. The second is to present and develop a version of DG that then serves as a principled basis for the investigation of central areas of the syntax of English, such as long-distance dependencies, coordination, ellipsis, valency, etc. An overarching theme in all this is that DG is simple compared to PSG, yet despite this simplicity, it is quite effective at shedding light on the nature of syntactic phenomena.
