Download or read book Environmental Endocrine Disruption experimental Models and Assessment written by Maher Haeba and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine disruptors are an important issue in the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. Hormones regulate numerous biological processes and evaluation of the whole organism response provides more realistic information on physiological and developmental processes that may be directly or indirectly affected by endocrine-disrupting compounds. More research is needed to study effect of EDCs on these three Bioassays (D.magna, X. laevis, L. minor. However, to assess effect of EDCs on bioassay more than one endpoint should be considered.
Download or read book Special report on environmental endocrine disruption an effects assessment and analysis prepared for the Risk Assessment Forum U S Environmental Protection Agency written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Plan for Endocrine Disruptors written by Gerald T. Ankley and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endocrine Disruptors Brain and Behavior written by Heather B. Patisaul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world and bodies are becoming increasingly polluted with chemicals capable of interfering with our hormones and thus, possibly, our present and future neural and mental health. This book focuses on if and how these chemicals, known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), affect the development and function of the brain and might be contributing to neural disorders rapidly rising in prevalence. It provides an overall synthesis of the EDC field including its historical roots, major hypotheses, key findings, public health policy implications, and research gaps.
Download or read book Endocrine Disruption Modeling written by James Devillers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses Computational Tools to Simulate Endocrine Disruption PhenomenaEndocrine Disruption Modeling provides a practical overview of the current approaches for modeling endocrine activity and the related potential adverse effects they may induce on environmental and human health. Based on the extensive research of an international panel of contributor
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Download or read book Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment written by Sushil K. Khetan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.
Download or read book Endocrine Disruption and Human Health written by Philippa D. Darbre and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters written by Peter Matthiessen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enables researchers to assess the effects of endocrine disrupters as well as comply with new environmental regulations Endocrine disrupters are chemicals both man-made and natural that interfere with the body's endocrine system, potentially resulting in adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects. In recent years, a number of regulatory authorities around the world have drafted or enacted legislation that requires the detection and assessment of the effects of endocrine disrupters on both humans and wildlife. In response, this book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on the latest tested and proven methods used to detect and assess the environmental hazards posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocrine Disrupters is divided into chapters covering each major taxon as well as chapters dedicated to hazard assessment and regulation. The book covers testing methods for all the vertebrate groups and several invertebrate phyla, including: Crustaceans and mollusks Insects Fish Amphibians and reptiles Birds and mammals Moreover, the book emphasizes practical, ethical testing methods that combine sensitivity, efficiency, statistical power, and reasonable cost. Each chapter is written by one or more international experts in ecotoxicology, offering readers step-by-step guidance for implementing each method based on the latest research and the authors' firsthand laboratory experience. Furthermore, all the chapters have been subjected to a rigorous peer review and edited in light of the reviewers' comments. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the literature in the field. Endocrine Disrupters is recommended for scientists who need to test chemicals for possible endocrine-disrupting properties. It is also recommended for regulatory authorities who need to decide whether particular chemicals can be safely marketed.
Download or read book Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Alberto Mantovani and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.
Download or read book The Endocrine Disruptors written by Maria Marino and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has become evident that many chemicals present in the environment can mimic, antagonize or alter the physiological actions of endogenous hormones. These compounds have been termed endocrine disrupters (EDs) and defined as exogenous substances that cause adverse health effects in an intact organism or in its progeny, consequent to changes in endocrine function [1]. EDs, even when present in minute amounts (part per trillion), could interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones responsible for homeostasis maintenance, reproduction, and developmental processes [2]. Currently more than 100 chemicals have been identified as EDs. Within this heterogeneous group of molecules we find: (a) synthetic chemicals used in industry, agriculture, and consumer products; (b) synthetic chemicals used as pharmaceutical drugs; and (c) natural chemicals found in human and animal food. About half of these compounds are substituted with halogen groups, mostly chlorine and bromine, and include dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, methoxychlor, dieldrin, and hexachlorocyclohexane. EDs have long environmental half-life resulting in a continue increase of their global concentration in the environment and can be detected and may concentrate at great distances from where they are produced, used or released. EDs have very low water solubility and extremely high lipid solubility, leading to their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue. Exposure to EDs can occur from a number of different sources: humans and animals can be exposed involuntarily by drinking contaminated polluted water, breathing contaminated air, ingesting food, contacting contaminated soil or even in the workplace. Although endocrine disruption has only received high-profile attention for just over a decade [2], the phenomenon does have a longer historical background. In the early 1900s, pig farmers in the USA complained of fertility problems in swine herds fed on moldy grain [3], and concern was stimulated in the 1940s by reports of infertility in sheep grazing on certain clovers in Western Australia [4]. Over the following two decades, estrogenic actions were evidenced in birds [5] and in mammals [6] owing to the dissemination of the agrochemical orto-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), at the same time masculinization of bivalves and gastropods[7], with concomitant declines in population, was found in the 1970s with the introduction of tributyltin into antifouling paints for the boats, while feminization of fishes was observed in UK rivers in the presence of estrogenic components in sewage effluent [8]. Also the occurrence of genital abnormalities in both male and female alligators in Lake Apopka (FL, USA) were observed as effect of a spill of the pesticide difocol in 1980. After these first observations the scientific community increased the awareness of the consequences of exposure to chemicals which can interfere with reproductive functions [9]. Endocrine disruption in wildlife is now acknowledged to be a widespread problem, much resulting from environmental pollution, and, in the case of aquatic forms of wildlife, from the continuous exposure to these chemicals in the water. Extrapolation of the results of these researches on wildlife resulted in concern that the same compounds could interfere with hormone action in humans. Handling hazardous substances and the risk of exposure to chemicals are a painful part of modern life, as technology and science progress. Moreover, exposure to chemicals present in foods, at home, and at work is an important risk factor for human health, especially since our scientific knowledge is still not sufficient to ensure proper prevention. Nowadays there is justifiable concern that endocrine disruption could be the underlying cause of increasing female and male reproductive problems, thus endocrine disruption is one of the topics receiving much attention throughout all sectors of the society, and the debate between pharmaceutical companies and public health organisms is increasing. Both parts will call for urgent need of more research. The scientific challenge for the future is to identify the relevant real-life sources of exposure of the human population to endocrine-disrupting compounds and to find the appropriate remediation actions. This can be done: (a) by assessing the impact on human health of long-term, low-dose exposure to such chemicals; (b) by understanding the synergistic effects of the copious number of chemicals to which humans and animals are exposed; (c) by defining the variety of underlying mechanisms at molecular, cellular and physiological level, (d) by exploiting new technologies addressed to the remediation of the environment polluted by the presence of EDs, and (e) by designing and developing new sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. The review presented in this book has been written under the sponsorship of the Interuniversitary Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB) , constituted by 26 Public Italian Universities. INBB is stimulating the research on endocrine disruptors, by encouraging and coordinating joint research projects between its members and those of other Italian public scientific institutions. This book represents one of the results of the meeting The biological and clinical research on endocrine disruptors: current status and perspectives , held in Rome during 2005 from October 27 to 28 and organized by INBB and ISPESL (Istituto Superiore Prevenzione e Sicurezza del Lavoro). The first three chapters of this book review the EDs effects on natural population living in aquatic ecosystems where EDs, due to their lipophilicity, tend to concentrate in sediments and in food webs. The edible mussel Mytilus (Chapter 1), a marine bivalve that can accumulate large amounts of organic contaminants, represents a species of economical, ecological and public health-related interest. Amphibians (Chapter 2) are favourite models for studying various aspects of reproduction, development of the central nervous system and metamorphosis. Moreover, there is great concern about the EDs and the dramatic decline of wild amphibian populations. In Chapter 3 different species of fishes are considered as experimental models to analyze, by both genomic and proteomic approaches, the expression of key molecules involved in reproduction and in detoxification processes. The following two chapters focus on the EDs effects on thyroid functions and on the development of central mechanisms controlling reproduction. Wildlife observations in polluted areas clearly demonstrate a significant incidence of thyroid imbalance in several species. Several EDs are now known or suspected to be thyroid disruptors altering thyroid economy at multiple levels. These compounds may interfere with thyroid homeostasis through many mechanisms of action, at receptor level, in binding to transport proteins, in cellular uptake mechanisms or in modifying the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Chapter 4 offers a focus on endocrine disrupting activity of chemical compounds on thyroid function. The dimorphic control of reproductive functions depends on the ability of the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, to respond properly to circulating reproductive hormones. This ability is acquired during a perinatal critical period, when the presence of different levels of sex steroid hormones in male and female fetuses/neonates induces a sex-specific morpho-functional development of the neuronal networks controlling reproduction. The perinatal stage is thus particularly sensitive to endogenous or exogenous substances that interfere with the activities of sex steroid hormones. Chapter 5 summarizes the current knowledge on the neuro-endocrine disrupting potential of the perinatal exposure to the major classes of EDs focusing the attention on animal studies aimed to identify the EDs action mechanisms and the resulting impairment of the reproductive behavior. Flavonoids are defined as naturally occurring molecules of plant origin, capable of acting as hormone mimetics or antagonists, but also as endocrine disruptors. Many of them have been marketed as dietary supplements or nutraceuticals with health claims, thus leading to significant increase in flavonoid consumption levels in the Western population. Even though several reports suggest for these compounds health-promoting effects in preventing age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hormone-dependent cancers, and osteoporosis, the mechanistic aspects of their activity have not been fully clarified and a wide consensus of the pros and cons of their use in humans has not been reached by the scientific community. Chapter 6 presents an overview of the state of the art of the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoids estrogen-like activity. Feed additives represent a major issue for the safety of foods of animal origin, as they constitute the bulk of chemicals used in animal production. Feeds can also be a major vehicle for human dietary intake of persistent EDs (Chapter 7). Farm animals ingest these substances with food and drinking water and it is likely that the range of ingestion will increase in the future as growing amounts of sewage sludges are recycled onto agricultural land with an overall increase of environmental contamination exerting adverse effects on human health. Research on how the exposure to EDs affects human health in the work environment (Chapter 8) attracts increasing attention among international scientists. Certain workplaces pose particular problems as regards the potential risk connected to processes involving the use, manufacture and handling of these chemicals, and the type of job that puts workers at greatest risk of contact with them. Some EDCs represent occupational risk factors credibly capable of inducing hormone-dependent tumors. Occupational exposure to EDs is a highly complicated question: risk factors in the workplace must be identified; how they penetrate the body has to be established; confounding factors in everyday environments are numerous, and it is hard to make a definite diagnosis of their effects on human health. Owing to the harmful health effects of EDs, the attention of many scientists has been attracted towards the remediation of environment polluted by their presence and the design and development of sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. In Chapter 9 the experimental results concerning the enzymatic remediation of waters polluted by Bisphenol A (BPA), taken as a model of endocrine disruptors, is discussed in view of the potential application of the technology of non-isothermal bioreactors to the treatment of polluted waters. Also the functioning of a tyrosinase-based sensor able to measure the BPA concentration in traces is presented in the same chapter. These reviews emphasize that many environmental chemicals possess endocrine-disrupting properties, and that exposure to such chemicals can have adverse effects on health and reproduction even at very low concentrations. Great care should be used when attempting to apply these data to other species or real life situations. Indeed only a paucity of information is available on the metabolism and tissue distribution of these chemicals which may vary according to species physiology as well as to levels and duration of exposure. Furthermore, the possible interactions between single contaminants of the complex mixtures present in the environment may induce completely unpredictable effects, due to synergies or reciprocal inhibition effects, suggesting great caution in drawing conclusions. It is hoped that these reviews will serve to stimulate further research on EDs and human health. References 1.Report of the proceedings of the European workshop on the impact of endocrine disrupters on human health and wildlife. 1996, Weybridge, UK, report EUR17549 of the environment and climate change research programme of DGXII of the European commission. 2.Colborn T, vom Saal FS & Soto AM. Environ Health Perspectiv 1993, 101, 378 384. 3.McNutt SH, Purwin P & Murray C. J Amer Veterinary Medical Ass 1928, 73, 484. 4.Bennets H, Underwood EJ & Shier FL. Australian Veterinary Journal 1946, 22, 2 12. 5.Burlington H & Linderman VF. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1950, 74, 48 51. 6.Bitman J, Cecil HC, Harris SJ & Fries GF. Science 1968, 162, 371 372. 7.Matthiessen P. Pure and Applied Chemistry 2003, 75, 2197 2206. 8.Jobling S, Nolan M, Tyler CR et al. Environmental Science and Technology 1998, 32, 2498 2506. 9.Guillette Jr. LJ & Gunderson MP. Reproduction 2001, 122, 857 864.
Download or read book Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors written by Rosario Pivonello and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how exposure to various classes of endocrine disruptors, as well as other environmental chemicals targeting the endocrine system by alternative non-endocrine mechanisms, impact on endocrinological and endocrinological-related diseases. It includes comprehensive reviews of all aspects of environmental endocrinology, ranging from sources and patterns of exposure and identification of endocrine targets to direct endocrine disruptive mechanisms and indirect actions on the endocrine system, the latter including endocrine cell-directed cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, and genetic and epigenetic aberrations resulting in endocrine damage. It also examines the causal pathways and offers an extensive overview of downstream endocrinological and endocrinological-related disorders. In addition, several chapters focus on transgenerational actions, which are a topic of particular interest. Lastly, evidence from preclinical and clinical studies provides the basis for an in-depth, critical discussion of each topic. The book is part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to ‘living editions’ that are constantly updated using a dynamic peer-review publishing process.
Download or read book Road to regulation of endocrine disruptors and combination effects written by Karina Petersen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussions regarding regulation of endocrine disruptors (EDs) and combination effects are ongoing in Europe. Among the central topics of discussion are establishment of criteria for identification of EDs, whether there is a threshold for endocrine disrupting effects and how EDs should be handled within relevant EU regulations. In addition, a roadmap for further EU work regarding combination effects has been presented, but more detailed discussions are needed regarding scientific issues and regulatory intervention. Possible Member State initiatives to provide input to these EU processes were discussed in a Nordic workshop held in Oslo in November 2013. This report describes the workshop presentations, initiatives and thoughts from each of the Nordic countries, the plenary discussions, and the main workshop outcomes.
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment written by Lech Chyczewski and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is devoted to the study of the endocrine-related effects on human health with special reference to carcinogenesis, and to the assessment of carcinogenic risk. After providing basic information at the general, cellular and molecular levels, the contents focus on the paradigm of biologically-based risk assessment, as developed form physiologically-based toxicokinetic models. The analysis of this material is proposed as the novel parameters for developing biologically-based models of carcinogenesis, considered to be more relevant to risk assessment than traditional approaches.
Download or read book Mammalian Toxicology written by Mohamed Abou-Donia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as contaminated water, soil and air. Starting with the basic principles on a wide range of toxic agents, this textbook describes how they enter the body, their mechanisms of action once inside, and strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Topics covered include: General principles of toxicology: pharmacological and toxicological principles underpinning the study of toxicology, risk assessments and mechanisms of cell death Disposition: routes of chemical exposures, entry into the body and various tissues, storage, metabolic biotransformation and elimination, with examples from various toxicants. Toxic agents: the occurrences, disposition in the body, health effects, toxic mechanisms, antidotes and treatments of a range of agents including pesticides, metals, solvents, gases, nanomaterials, food components and additives, pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, natural toxins, endocrine disruptors, radiation, and warfare weapons. Toxic effects: including neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenecity, male and female reproductive toxicity, mutagenecity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and cardiovascular toxicity Toxicology and society: epidemiological studies of chemical-induced diseases in human populations, and a vision for toxicology in the 21st century. Mammalian Toxicology is an essential primer for students of toxicology, biochemistry, biology, medicine and chemistry. It is also appropriate for professional toxicologists in research or regulatory affairs, and anyone who needs to understand the adverse effects of toxic agents on the human body.
Download or read book Special Report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals written by Andrea C. Gore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the three most important themes in the field of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) research: the basic biology of EDCs, particularly their effects on reproductive systems; EDC effects on humans and wildlife, including biomedical considerations; and potential interventions and practical advice for dealing with the problem of EDCs.
