Download or read book Energy and First Costs Analysis of Displacement and Mixing Ventilation Systems for U S Buildings and Climates written by ShiPing Hu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades, displacement ventilation has been increasingly used in Scandinavia and Western Europe to improve indoor air quality and to save energy. By using a detailed computer simulation method, this study compared the energy consumption of a displacement ventilation system with that of a mixing ventilation system for three types of U.S. buildings: a small office, a classroom and an industrial workshop. The investigation covers five U.S. climatic regions and three different building zones. The study showed that a displacement ventilation system might use more fan energy and less chiller and boiler energy than a mixing ventilation system. The total energy consumption is slightly less with a displacement ventilation system. The displacement ventilation system requires a larger air-handling unit and a smaller chiller than the mixing ventilation system does. The first costs are lower for displacement ventilation if the system is applied in the core region of a building. In the perimeter zones, the displacement ventilation system needs a separate heating system, and the first costs are slightly higher.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health care Settings written by Y. Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guideline defines ventilation and then natural ventilation. It explores the design requirements for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.
Download or read book Progress in Applied Mathematical Modeling written by Fengshan Yang and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new research related to the mathematical modelling of engineering and environmental processes, manufacturing, and industrial systems. It includes heat transfer, fluid mechanics, CFD, and transport phenomena; solid mechanics and mechanics of metals; electromagnets and MHD; reliability modelling and system optimisation; finite volume, finite element, and boundary element procedures; decision sciences in an industrial and manufacturing context; civil engineering systems and structures; mineral and energy resources; relevant software engineering issues associated with CAD and CAE; and materials and metallurgical engineering.
Download or read book Building Ventilation written by Mat Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring optimum ventilation performance is a vital part of building design. Prepared by recognized experts from Europe and the US, and published in association with the International Energy Agency's Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC), this authoritative work provides organized, classified and evaluated information on advances in the key areas of building ventilation, relevant to all building types. Complexities in airflow behaviour, climatic influences, occupancy patterns and pollutant emission characteristics make selecting the most appropriate ventilation strategy especially difficult. Recognizing such complexities, the editors bring together expertise on each key issue. From components to computer tools, this book offers detailed coverage on design, analysis and performance, and is an important and comprehensive publication in this field. Building Ventilation will be an invaluable reference for professionals in the building services industry, architects, researchers (including postgraduate students) studying building service engineering and HVAC, and anyone with a role in energy-efficient building design.
Download or read book System Performance Evaluation and Design Guidelines for Displacement Ventilation written by Qingyan Chen and published by American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents system performance evaluation, and includes a 10-step design guideline for displacement ventilation systems for U.S. buildings. These design guidelines present two important models: 1) to calculate the temperature difference between the head and the foot level of an occupant; and 2) one to determine the ventilation effectiveness at the breathing level.The book notes that: A displacement ventilation system can provide a thermally comfortable indoor environment at a high cooling load through careful design. The indoor air quality in a space with displacement ventilation is better if the contaminant sources are associates with the heat sources. The displacement ventilation system can also save energy but requires a separate heating system if it is applied to building perimeter zones. 6 x 9, soft cover.
Download or read book Life Cycle Cost of Displacement Ventilation in an Office Building with a Hot and Humid Climate written by Lane W. Burt and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Building energy use is the subject of increased scrutiny as the costs and environmental impacts of energy use continue to rise. The building mechanical systems represent a significant portion of building energy use and should be analyzed to determine best practices. Indoor air quality is also a concern related to the mechanical system; however, energy efficiency and indoor air quality are often competing forces in the building design process.
Download or read book A Guide to Energy Efficient Ventilation written by Martin W. Liddament and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Displacement Ventilation written by Håkon Skistad and published by Research Studies PressLtd. This book was released on 1994 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In displacement ventilation systems, the principle of buoyancy is utilised to remove warm contaminated air from an occupied area. The main driving force is natural convection: instead of attempting to combat the forces of natural convection as in mechanical dilution ventilation, displacement systems supply and exhaust air in such a way as not to interfere with the convection currents set up by the heat sources in a space. Provided that pollution and heat sources are in close proximity, displacement ventilation can give better air quality than dilution ventilation, but good design is necessary to ensure that unacceptable vertical temperature gradients and cold draughts along the floor are avoided.
Download or read book Ventilation Systems written by Hazim B. Awbi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the methods used for ventilating buildings and the type of systems currently in use for achieving the desired indoor environment will be of particular interest to graduate students, professionals and researchers.
Download or read book Impact of residential mechanical ventilation on energy cost and humidity control written by Eric Martin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE Building America program has been conducting research leading to cost effective high performance homes since the early 1990's. Optimizing whole house mechanical ventilation as part of the program's systems engineered approach to constructing housing has been an important subject of the program's research. Ventilation in residential buildings is one component of an effective, comprehensive strategy for creation and maintenance of a comfortable and healthy indoor air environment. The study described in this white paper is based on building energy modeling with an important focus on the indoor humidity impacts of ventilation. The modeling tools used were EnergyPlus version 7.1 (E+) and EnergyGauge USA (EGUSA). Twelve U.S. cities and five climate zones were represented. A total of 864 simulations (2*2*3*3*12= 864) were run using two building archetypes, two building leakage rates, two building orientations, three ventilation systems, three ventilation rates, and twelve climates.
Download or read book Ventilation of Buildings written by H.B. Awbi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazim Awbi's Ventilation of Buildings has become established as the definitive text on the subject. This new, thoroughly revised, edition builds on the basic principles of the original text drawing in the results of considerable new research in the field. A new chapter on natural ventilation is also added and recent developments in ventilation concepts and room air distribution are also considered. The text is intended for the practitioner in the building services industry, the architect, the postgraduate student undertaking courses or research in HVAC, building services engineering, or building environmental engineering, and the undergraduate studying building services as a major subject. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the basic principles of fluid flow and heat transfer and some of the material requires more advanced knowledge of partial differential equations which describe the turbulent flow and heat transfer processes of fluids. The book is both a presentation of the practical issues that are needed for modern ventilation system design and a survey of recent developments in the subject
Download or read book Building America Case Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhaust ventilation and corresponding outdoor air strategies are being implemented in high-performance new construction multifamily buildings to meet program or code requirements for improved indoor air quality, but a lack of clear design guidance is resulting in poor performance of these systems despite the best intentions of the programs or standards. CARB's 2014 'Evaluation of Ventilation Strategies in New Construction Multifamily Buildings' consistently demonstrated that commonly used outdoor air strategies are not performing as expected. Of the four strategies evaluated in 2014, the exhaust ventilation system that relied on outdoor air from a pressurized corridor was ruled out as a potential best practice due to its conflict with meeting requirements within most fire codes. Outdoor air that is ducted directly to the apartments was a strategy determined to have the highest likelihood of success, but with higher first costs and operating costs. Outdoor air through space conditioning systems was also determined to have good performance potential, with proper design and execution. The fourth strategy, passive systems, was identified as the least expensive option for providing outdoor air directly to apartments, with respect to both first costs and operating costs. However, little is known about how they actually perform in real-world conditions or how to implement them effectively. Based on the lack of data available on the performance of these low-cost systems and their frequent use in the high-performance building programs that require a provision for outdoor air, this research project sought to further evaluate the performance of passive vents.
Download or read book Climate specific Life cycle Cost Analysis of Different HVAC Systems written by Xiuqing Jin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The buildings sector consumes 41.1% of U.S. primary energy, and HVAC system accounts for the major part of building energy consumption. Each type of building has its occupancy schedule and operation preference, and different climate zones offer a broad range of temperature, humidity, wind and solar conditions. When selecting HVAC systems for a new project, designers and engineers should calculate a proper size of the heating and cooling equipment; owners want to know the initial cost and the life-cycle cost of the different options; contractors also need to have a good understanding of HVAC systems to complete the project with a higher quality. This research involves eQUEST Energy Modeling and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis to compare the energy performance and the overall cost efficiency of different HVAC systems in various climate zones based on a typical educational office building. The selected systems are Variable Air Volume (VAV) Reheat system, Chilled Beam system, Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) system, and Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system. The four climate zones are Miami (FL), Phoenix (AZ), Seattle (WA) and Spokane (WA). The goal of this research is to illustrate a way of selecting the most suitable HVAC system for a project in the specific climate condition. This will be accomplished by using eQUEST Energy Modeling software and developing Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. The life-cycle cost includes the system capital cost, energy cost, system maintenance and replacement cost over a 20-year of life span. The life-cycle cost analysis provides the Present Value (PV) of annual cost and the life cycle cost, and it compares the accumulated cash flow curves of the sixteen models.
Download or read book Impact of Residential Mechanical Ventilation on Energy Cost and Humidity Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE Building America program has been conducting research leading to cost effective high performance homes since the early 1990's. Optimizing whole house mechanical ventilation as part of the program's systems engineered approach to constructing housing has been an important subject of the program's research. Ventilation in residential buildings is one component of an effective, comprehensive strategy for creation and maintenance of a comfortable and healthy indoor air environment. The study described in this white paper is based on building energy modeling with an important focus on the indoor humidity impacts of ventilation. The modeling tools used were EnergyPlus version 7.1 (E+) and EnergyGauge USA (EGUSA). Twelve U.S. cities and five climate zones were represented. A total of 864 simulations (2*2*3*3*12= 864) were run using two building archetypes, two building leakage rates, two building orientations, three ventilation systems, three ventilation rates, and twelve climates.
Download or read book Natural Ventilation in Buildings written by Francis Allard and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 1998 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AIOLOS is a computational tool for the calculation of the airflow rates in naturally ventilated buildings.
Download or read book A Study of Time dependent Responses of a Mechanical Displacement Ventilation DV System and an Underfloor Air Distribution UFAD System written by Jong Keun Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As alternative systems for saving cooling energy compared to conventional overhead (OH) air-conditioning systems, mechanical displacement ventilation (DV) systems and underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems have been widely adopted for commercial buildings. In these alternative systems, supply air is discharged from low momentum diffusers located at lower positions close to the floor in the DV system, and the supply air of the UFAD system is distributed by an underfloor plenum and discharged from floor diffusers. To predict transient vertical temperature responses when the heat source or the ventilation flow rate vary in time, we introduce transient two-layer stratification models of the DV and UFAD systems, non-dimensionalize them by competing the filling box time (Baines & Turner 1969) and the replenishment time in which all the air in the enclosure is replaced by supply air and validate them by laboratory experiments using a salt-water analogy. In various scenarios of the heat source and the ventilation flow rate, the models show a good agreement with the laboratory experiments. Building energy simulation, which predicts cooling and heating demands of a building, has been used for building design, environment, economics, and occupant comfort. EnergyPlus, which is a building energy simulation tools developed by the U.S. Department of Energy, has integrated capability to predict cooling and heating demands as well as the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) energy consumption. To evaluate performance of energy savings of UFAD, we developed prototype office buildings adopting OH and UFAD, and the UCSD-UFAD model was used to estimate realistic cooling and heating demands by simulating the stratified temperature profile in a room. In Californian climates, annual electricity consumption of UFAD is always lower than that of OH by up to 20 %, since UFAD has more opportunities to utilize the economizer ``free cooling" compared to OH. For electricity demand reduction of various Demand Response (DR) activities, increasing room set point temperature is the most effective DR activity and UFAD has higher peak demand reduction compared to OH by approximately 6-10 % when the room set point temperature is higher than 26 Celsius.
